The Normal
Distribution
4th Quarter – Statistics and Probability
Most Essential Learning Competencies
01 M11/12SP-IIIc-1 02 M11/12SP-IIIc-3
Illustrates a normal random Identifies regions under the
variable and its normal curve corresponding to
characteristics. different standard normal
values.
03 M11/12SP-IIIc-4 04 M11/12SP-IIIc-d-1
Converts a normal random Computes probabilities and
variable to a standard normal percentiles using the standard
variable and vice versa. normal table.
Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution Normal curve /
distribution curve
The most important continuous
probability distribution in
statistics.
The graph of a normal distribution is called the normal curve or
distribution curve.
Karl Gauss developed the concept
of the normal curve.
Properties of Normal Distribution
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
Normal curve /
distribution curve Shape of a Bell
Properties of Normal Distribution
2. The curve is symmetrical about
its center.
Properties of Normal Distribution
3. The mean, median and mode
coincide at the center.
Mean, Median, and Mode
Properties of Normal Distribution
4. The width of the curve is determined by the
standard deviation of the distribution.
Low σ = narrower (Figure A)
High σ = wider (Figure B)
Figure A Figure B
μ= 5 μ= 5
σ = 0.7 σ = 1.5
Properties of Normal Distribution
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but never touching
it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
Properties of Normal Distribution
6. The area under the curve is exactly equal to 1. Thus, it
represents the probability or proportion, or the percentage
associated with the specific sets of measurement values.
Total Area = 1
The Standard Normal Distribution
The mean and standard deviation are two parameters
that characterize a normal distribution.
The normal distribution is standard normal
distribution if the mean is 0 and the standard
deviation is 1.
Z stands for the standard normal distribution.
Mean
µ=0
Standard Deviation
𝝈=1 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Mean
µ𝟏 < µ𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
Standard Deviation
𝝈𝟏 = 𝝈𝟐
Mean
µ𝟏 = µ𝟐 2
Standard Deviation 𝟏
𝝈𝟏 > 𝝈𝟐
Mean
µ𝟏 < µ𝟐 𝟐
Standard Deviation 𝟏
𝝈𝟏 > 𝝈𝟐
Example 1
Find the area between z =
0 and z = 0.35.
Step 1 Sketch the normal curve.
Step 2
The area between z = 0 and z = 0.35 is 0.1368.
table E2
table E2
E1
E1
Example 2
Find the area between
z = 0.43 and z = 1.25.
Step 1 Sketch the normal curve.
Step 2
Let A = area between z = 0.43 and z = 1.25
A1= area between z = 0 and z = 0.43.
From the table A1 = 0.1664
A2 = area between z = 0 and z = 1.25.
table A1
From the table A2 = 0.3944
table
A1
Therefore, A = A2 – A1 = 0.3944 - 0.1664 = 0.2280
The area between z = 0.43 and z = 1.25 is 0.2280.
table A2
table
E3
E3
A2
E2
E2
E2
E2
Math-try!
Example 3
Find the area to the right
of z = 1.56.
Step 1 Sketch the normal curve.
Step 2
Let A = area to the right of z = 1.56.
A1= area between z = 0 and z = 1.56.
From the table A1 = 0.4406
Since the area of half the curve is 0.5, therefore
A = 0.5 – A1 = 0.5 - 0.4406 = 0.0594
The area to the right of z = 1.56 is 0.0594
table E4
table E4
E3
E3
Example 4
Find the area between
z = -1.25 and z = 1.25.
Step 1 Sketch the normal curve.
Step 2
A = area between z = -1.25 and z = 1.25
A1 = area between z = 0and z = -1.25
From the table A1 = 0.3944
A2= area between z = 0 and z = 1.25.
From the table A2 = 0.3944
Therefore, A = A1 + A2 = 0.3944 + 0.3944 = 0.7888
table
The area between z = -1.25 and z = 1.25 is 0.7888. goes to
table →
E4
E4
Standard Score
- also known as z- score.
- a measurement of how far a given value (x) deviates from the mean.
- it can be used to compare observed values
A positive (+) z-score means that the score or observed value is higher than the mean,
while a negative z-score indicates that it is lower than the mean.
Formula of z-score x = value of the observation
𝒙−𝝁 μ = mean of the distribution
Z= 𝝈 = standard deviation of the distribution
𝝈
Example 5
A particular examination
Solutions:
in Statistics with 200 a. Jose = 40
students was known to 𝒙−𝝁 𝟒𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎
be approximately Z = = = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 above the
𝝈 𝟖 𝟖 mean
normally distributed
with a mean of 30 and a
b. Arman = 28
standard deviation of 8. 𝒙−𝝁 𝟐𝟖 − 𝟑𝟎 −𝟐
Find the standard score Z = = = = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 below the
𝝈 𝟖 𝟖 mean
of the following
students: c. Alex = 36
a. Jose = 40 𝒙−𝝁 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟑𝟎 𝟔
b. Arman = 28 Z= = = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 above the
𝝈 𝟖 𝟖 mean
c. Alex = 36
Example 6 Solutions:
a. between 12 and 35
Find the percentage 𝒙−𝝁 𝟏𝟐−𝟑𝟎
for the following Z= = Z = − 2.25 𝑨𝟏 =0.4878
𝝈 𝟖
scores, still using the
given
information in Z=
𝒙−𝝁
=
𝟑𝟓−𝟑𝟎
Z = 0.63 𝑨𝟐 = 0.2357
𝝈 𝟖
Example 5.
A = 𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐
a. between 12 and 35
b. less than 25 A =0.4878 + 0.2357
c. greater than 27 A = 0.7235
d. less than 18 and P = 72.35%
greater than 24
Example 6 Solutions:
b. less than 25
Find the percentage 𝒙−𝝁 𝟐𝟓−𝟑𝟎
for the following Z= = Z = − 0.63 𝑨𝟏 =0.2357
𝝈 𝟖
scores, still using the
given
information in A = 𝟎. 𝟓 - 𝑨𝟏
Example 5. A = 0.5 - 0.2357
A = 0.2643
a. between 12 and 35
P = 26.43%
b. less than 25
c. greater than 27
d. less than 18 and
greater than 24
Math-try!
Example 6
c. greater than 27
Find the percentage 𝒙−𝝁 𝟐𝟕−𝟑𝟎
for the following Z= = Z = − 0.38 𝑨𝟏 =0.1480
𝝈 𝟖
scores, still using the
given
information in A = 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝑨𝟏
Example 5. A = 0.5 + 0.1480
A = 0.6480
a. between 12 and 35
P = 64.80%
b. less than 25
c. greater than 27
d. less than 18 and
greater than 24
Example 6
d. less than 18 and greater than 24
Find the percentage
for the following
scores, still using the
given
information in Z = -0.75
Example 5.
a. between 12 and 35
b. less than 25 A = (0.5 - 0.4332) + (0.5 + 0.2734)
c. greater than 27 A = 0.0668 + 0.7734
d. less than 18 and A = 0.8402
greater than 24
P = 84.02%
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
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