Chi-square (𝝌𝟐 ) Test
Subjective Problems
Problem 1
A die was thrown 120 times and the following frequencies were observed:
Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 14 18 22 20 24 22
Test whether the die is unbiased using the Chi-square goodness of fit test.
Given:
2
𝜒0.05, 5 = 11.07
Problem 2
The following data represent the number of accidents occurring on different days of a
week:
Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Accidents 16 18 20 22 17 15 12
Test whether accidents are uniformly distributed over the days of the week.
Given:
2
𝜒0.01, 6 = 16.81
Problem 3
The number of defects observed in 200 items is given below:
No. of defects 𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 90 65 30 10 5
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data and test the goodness of fit.
Given:
2
𝜒0.10, 2 = 4.61
Problem 4
A bag contains colored balls in the theoretical ratio 2: 3: 5. A sample of 400 balls gave
the following results:
Color A Color B Color C
70 140 190
Test whether the observed frequencies agree with the theoretical ratio.
Given:
2
𝜒0.05, 2 = 5.99
Problem 5
The blood groups of 500 persons were recorded as follows:
Blood Group A B AB O
Frequency 180 110 60 150
Test whether the data fit the theoretical ratio 3: 2: 1: 4.
Given:
2
𝜒0.01, 3 = 11.34
Problem 6
A coin was tossed 200 times and the following results were obtained:
Outcome Head Tail
Frequency 118 82
Test whether the coin is unbiased.
Given:
2
𝜒0.05, 1 = 3.84
Problem 7
The following frequencies were observed for the digits appearing in a lottery:
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 90 110 105 98 95 102 100 99 97 104
Test whether the digits occur equally often.
Given:
2
𝜒0.05, 9 = 16.92
Problem 8
The observed frequencies of students choosing different subjects are:
Subject Maths Physics Chemistry Biology
Frequency 60 55 45 40
Test whether students choose subjects uniformly.
Given:
2
𝜒0.10, 3 = 6.25
MCQs Problems
Q1
A die was thrown 60 times and the Chi-square statistic was found to be 7.2. The critical
value at 5% level with 5 d.f. is 11.07. The conclusion is:
A. Reject 𝐻0
B. Accept 𝐻0
C. Insufficient data
D. None of these
Q2
A coin was tossed 100 times and 58 heads were obtained. The Chi-square statistic is:
A. 1.28
B. 2.56
C. 3.84
D. 0.64
Q3
If the observed frequencies exactly equal the expected frequencies, then:
A. 𝜒 2 = 1
B. 𝜒 2 = −1
C. 𝜒 2 = 0
D. 𝜒 2 = ∞
Q4
For 8 classes in a goodness of fit test, the degrees of freedom are:
A. 7
B. 8
C. 6
D. 9
Q5
A sample of 300 observations gives calculated 𝜒 2 = 9.5. The table value at 1%
significance for 4 d.f. is 13.28. Then:
A. Reject 𝐻0
B. Accept 𝐻0
C. Recalculate frequencies
D. None of these
Q6
In a Chi-square test, expected frequencies should preferably be:
A. Less than 5
B. Zero
C. At least 5
D. Negative
Q7
A fair coin tossed 200 times should theoretically produce:
A. 120 heads
B. 80 heads
C. 100 heads
D. 150 heads
Q8
The Chi-square test is mainly based on
(𝑂𝑖 − 𝐸𝑖 )2
𝜒2 = ∑
𝐸𝑖
A. Absolute deviations
B. Relative squared deviations
C. Mean deviation
D. Correlation coefficient
Q9
If the calculated value of 𝜒 2 exceeds the table value, then:
A. Accept 𝐻0
B. Reject 𝐻0
C. Increase sample size
D. None of these
Q10
The Chi-square distribution depends upon:
A. Mean only
B. Variance only
C. Degrees of freedom
D. Sample mean
Answers
Q1. B
Since
7.2 < 11.07
the null hypothesis is accepted.
Q2. B
Expected frequencies:
𝐸𝐻 = 𝐸𝑇 = 50
Chi-square statistic:
2
(58 − 50)2 (42 − 50)2
𝜒 = +
50 50
64 64
= +
50 50
= 1.28 + 1.28 = 2.56
Hence the correct answer is B.
Q3. C
If
𝑂𝑖 = 𝐸𝑖
for all classes, then
(𝑂𝑖 − 𝐸𝑖 )2 = 0
for every term.
Hence
𝜒2 = 0
Q4. A
Degrees of freedom:
𝑑. 𝑓. = 𝑘 − 1
Since 𝑘 = 8,
𝑑. 𝑓. = 8 − 1 = 7
Hence the correct answer is A.
Q5. B
Since
9.5 < 13.28
the null hypothesis is accepted.
Q6. C
For validity of the Chi-square test, expected frequencies should generally be at least 5.
Q7. C
For a fair coin:
1
𝑃(𝐻) =
2
Expected number of heads:
1
200 × = 100
2
Hence the correct answer is C.
Q8. B
The Chi-square test is based on squared relative deviations between observed and
expected frequencies.
Q9. B
If the calculated value of 𝜒 2 exceeds the table value, then the null hypothesis is
rejected.
Q10. C
The Chi-square distribution is completely determined by its degrees of freedom.