Vocab

English Vocab
●​ Abate/ Prune/ Restrict/ Curb/ Check/ Curtail/ Reduce/ Dwindle
●​ Abdicate/ Renounce/ Relinquish/ Give up voluntarily
●​ Abrogate/ Cancel/ Reject/ Repeal
●​ Adage(proverb)
●​ Accuse/ Arraign/ Blame/ Inculpate/ Incriminate/ Indict
●​ Ad hoc / necessary/ needed
●​ Adherence ( in support of)
●​ Adherent/ Obedient/ Pliant/ Docile/ Servile/ Amenable
●​ Adjoining (next to)
●​ Advent (arrival)
●​ Advertent/ Intentional/ Deliberate/ Purposeful
●​ Akin to (similar to)
●​ Alacrity/ Eagerness/ Zeal/ Ardor/ Ferror/ Enthusiasm/ Vivacity
●​ Ambiguous/ vague/ obscure/ convoluted/ obfuscated/ confuse/ equivocal/ more than
one interpretation
●​ Ambit (scope)
●​ Ambivert - introvert and extrovert (both)
●​ Ambivalent/ Conflicted/ Waver/ Confused/ Muddle/ Fuddle/ Garble/ Indecisive
●​ Augment/ Amplify/ Expand
●​ Avoid/ Shun/ Circumvent/ Elude
●​ Barring (except for)
●​ Belligerent/ Aggressive/ Hostile/ Fractious/ Cantankerous/ Peevish/ Petulant/
Duerulous/ Choleric/ Irascible
●​ Bigot/ Fanatic/ Dogmatic/ Intolerant/
●​ Blemish/ Tarnish/ Smear/ Vilify/ Malign/ Defame/ Slander/ Libel
●​ Bolster/ Boost/ Reinforce/ Support
●​ Capitulate/ Surrender/ Succumb/ Yield/ Defer
●​ Chimera/ Mirage/ Hallucination
●​ Circumspect/ Cautious/ Prudent/ Wary/ Meticulous/ Discreet/ Sedulous
●​ Clarify/ Elucidate
●​ Coherent/ Connected/ Together
●​ Coinciding (matching)
●​ Collate
●​ Colloquial (informal)
●​ Commensurate (in proportion with)
●​ Compel (force)
●​ Conceal/ Confound/ Hide
●​ Consensus/ Accord/ Concur/ Agreement/ Assent
●​ Conducive/ Benign/ favourable(helpful)
●​ Congruent (in agreement)
●​ Contemporary (occuring at the same time)
●​ Contingency (Situational)
●​ Curb/ Subdue/ Quell/ Smother/ Stifle/ Dampen
●​ De facto / from fact
●​ Disavow/ deny responsibility
●​ Dictator/ Despotic/ Tyrant
●​ Dissent/ Oppose/ Defy/ Reject/ Spurn/ Gainsay/ Contradict/ Refute/ Belie(prove
false)
●​ Disown/ Repudiate
●​ Dismal (mood of depression)
●​ Disparagingly (in negative sense different)
●​ Disparity (unfair difference)
●​ Dismantle/ Raze/ Vanquish/ Vandalize/ Decimate/ Plunder/Expunge (destroy)/ Wreck/
Spoil(mar) cr
●​ Draconian (harsh, severe)
●​ Eccentric/ Eerie/ queer/ quirky/ Strange/ Peculiar
●​ Efface / Erase
●​ Elusive/ Obscure(unclear)/ Intangible/ Evasive
●​ Emphemism
●​ Empirical (experiencial) based on observation
●​ Engender (to rise/increase)
●​ Erratic / Mutable / Capricious / Mercurial/ Unpredictable
●​ Erode/ Decompose/ Corrode/ Spoil/ Gnaw/ Scour/
●​ Exacerbated / Incite/ Incense (worsen)
●​ Extremist / Zealot
●​ Fastidious/ Meticulous/ Precise/ Scrupulous/ Punctual/ Careful
●​ Fake/ Bogus/ Spurious/ Pretense/ Skeptical/ Dubious/ Concocte/ doctored
●​ Frugal/ Economical/ Thrifty/ Prudent/ Cheap
●​ Furore/ Public anger
●​ Hawkish & Dovish
●​ Hinder / Deter/ Impede
●​ Herald
●​ Imperative/ Incumbent/ Vital/ Pivotal/ Crucial/ Essential
●​ Implod ( destroyed internally)
●​ Inadvertent/ Accidental/ Unintended
●​ Inception / Start
●​ Inculcate (implant/ instill)
●​ Infallible (incapable of making mistakes)
●​ Inherent (naturally existing)
●​ Innocuous/ Harmless
●​ Iterate (repeat)
●​ Justifiable / Tenable
●​ Lament/ Bad/ Deplorable
●​ Lenient / Nonchalant / Insouciant/ Careless/ Lax/ Remiss
●​ Lethargic/ Sluggish/ Lazy/ Languid/ Torpid/ Sloth/ Idle/ Stagnant/ Dormant/ Inert/
Sedentary/ Drowsy/ Comatose/ Indolent
●​ Lucid/ Limpid/ Pellucid/ Clear
●​ Miserly / Stingy / Niggardly / Tight-fisted / Parsimonious/ Cheap
●​ Meander (Curves)
●​ Mockery/ Farce
●​ Mock/ Ridicule/ Scoff/ Jeer/ Sneer/ Gibe/ Roast/ Lampoon
●​ Nomenclature (assigning names based on specialised field)
●​ Ostensible/ Apparent/ Seeming/ Professed/ Prima Facie
●​ Opine (to state ones opinion)
●​ Ostentatious / Lavish / Pompous / Prodigal / Profligate / Squanderer/ Extravagant
●​ Overhaul (take a part, examine and repair)
●​ Panegyric / Praise/ Commend/ Eulogise/ Extol/ Exalt/ Appreciate/ Laud/ Applaud/
Hail/ Acclaim
●​ Persistence/ Resolute/ Unwavering/ Unceasing/ Persevering
●​ Plausible/ Glib/ Credible/ Reliable/ Authentic
●​ Plethora/ Prodigious/ Enormous (large amount of something)
●​ Polymath (person of wide knowledge)
●​ Precarious/ Perilous/ Pernicious/ Insidious/ Inimical/ Internecine/ Parlous/ Nefarious/
Malignant (dangerous)
●​ Precipitate/ Occur
●​ Primacy (most important)
●​ Prone (likely to suffer)
●​ Proponent/ Advocate/ Espouse/ Endorse (the person who supports the idea)
●​ Quid Pro Quo (favour in return)
●​ Quintessential
●​ Rational (VERB) | Rationale (NOUN)
●​ Reality/ Verity
●​ Render (to provide)
●​ Repatriate (to send someone or something back to its home location)
●​ Criticise/ Upbraid/ Condemn/Excoriate/ Derogate/ Deride/ Demean/ / Besmirch/
Denounce/ Lampoon
●​ Repurcussion / Ramification / unintended consequence
●​ Redundant/ Extra/ Excess/ Superfluous/ Extraneous
●​ Respect/ Venerate/ Revere
●​ Rich / Opluent
●​ Salient/ Noticeable/ Conspicuous
●​ Sanguine/ Optimistic/ Hopeful
●​ Scold/ Admonish/ Rebuke/ Chastise/ Reprimand/
●​ Sedate
●​ Sine Qua Non (essential condition, absolute necessity)
●​ Sparse(not dense) / Scarce/ Rare
●​ Statutory (legal) in financial terms
●​ Strident / Stringent / Strict / Stern
●​ Stubborn/ Defiant/ Obstinate/ Obdurate/ Recalcitrant/ Adamant/ Pugnacious/
Intransigent/ Refractory/ Rigid/ Mulish/ Pigheaded/ Headstrong/ Uncooperative
●​ Subsistence (act of supporting oneself)
●​ Subsistence (minimal)
●​ Surprise/ Gobsmack/ Stagger/ Bewilder/ Astound/ Perplex/ Astonish
●​ Talkative/ Garrulous/ Wordy/ Prolix/ Verbos/ Loquacious/ Effusive
●​ Taciturn/ Introvert/ Quiet/ Laconic/ Reticent/ Succint/ Brief/
●​ Unbridled (uncontrolled / unconstraint)
●​ Urgent/ Exigent
●​ Undermine/ Diminish/ Weaken/ Demean/ Reduce/ Impede
●​ Unleash/ Unbridle/ Unshackle/ Unfetter/ Free
●​ Ubiquitous/ Omnipresent/ Pervasive
Rife/ Rampant (negative way)
●​ Vindicate/ Aquit/ Exonerate/ Exculpate/ Free/ Absolve/ Emancipate/ Liberate/
Leeway/ Pardon
●​ Weaken/ Enfeeble/ Debilitate/ Cripple
●​ Weary/ Tired/ Exhausted/ Enervate/ Fatigue
●​ Zeal (enthusiasm for a cause or objective)
Idioms & Phrases
Idioms & Phrases
●​ My way or highway/ dig one's heel/ stick to one's gun/ not budge a inch
●​ With open arms - Embrace
●​ Full of beans - Full of energy
●​ Fire in one's belly/ All fired up - Energetic
●​ Bend over backwards - Put a lot of efforts
●​ An eager beaver - Enthusiastic
●​ Drag one's feet / Dilly-dally - Procrastinate / Delay
●​ Throw in the towel/ Throw in the sponge/ Raise the white flag/ Wave the white flag/
Cry uncle/ Cave in - Surrender or Admit defeat
●​ The apple of one's eye - cherished above others
●​ Turn a blind eye/ Turn a deafer - to ignore intentionally
●​ Keep an eye on - watch over
●​ More than meets the eye - complex than it appears
●​ Feast one's eyes on - to look with great pleasure
●​ Take to task/ Rip apart/ Chew out/ Call out/ Tear apart/ Rake over coals/ Take a dig
at/ Read the riot act/ Poke holes in/ Dress down/ Give someone a piece of your mind
- To scold
●​ Face the music - tolerate consequences
●​ Pat on someone's back/ Sing someone's praise/ Speak highly - To praise someone
●​ Slip of the tongue - inadvertently or unintentional
●​ Blow one's own trumpet - Brag about oneself
●​ Back to the drawing board - Starting over after failure
●​ Back someone up - To support
●​ Behind someone's back - To do task secretly
●​ Living high on the hog - luxury life
●​ See eye to eye - in agreement
●​ Between dog and wolf - hard to distinguish
●​ Keep the wolves at bay - at an arms length
●​ Wolf in the fold/ Snake in the grass - enemy disguised with a group
●​ Wolf pack mentality - Aggressive behaviour
●​ Cry Wolf - false alarm
●​ Ebb and flow / influx - Continuous moving
●​ Directly from horses mouth - Reliable Source
●​ Chasing Shadows / When pigs fly / Pie in the sky / Chasing rainbows / Boil the ocean
- Impossible
●​ Few and far between - Rare
●​ Lay aside - Save/ Abandon
●​ Call on/upon/for - Visit formally/ demand
●​ Cross one's heart - to pledge or promise
●​ Heart skips a beat - surge of excitement or fear
●​ Follow one's heart - follow one's feeling
●​ Heart to heart - a candid & intimate convo
●​ Wear one's heart on one's sleeve - to openly display one's emotions
●​ A red herring - Deceptive clue
●​ A cock and bulls story - forged or fake story
●​ Smoke and mirrors - deception
One Word Meanings
One Words(mostly):
Phobia (fear)
Mania (Madness)
Graph ( to write/ to measure)
●​ Xenophobia - Fear of Foreigners
●​ Epilepsy - Neurological disorder with seizures
●​ Hysteria - Exaggerated or Uncontrolled emotion
●​ * Claustrophobia - Fear of closed spaces
●​ * Agoraphobia - Fear of open/public spaces
●​ Pyromania - Irresistible urge to set fire.
●​ Kleptomania - Urge to steal
●​ Megalomania - Delusion of great power
Phrasal Verbs
●​ Pull down - Demolish
●​ Give in/ Cave in/ Give up - Surrender
●​ Bring over - Bring along/ Convince
●​ * Look out - Be careful, watchful
Root Words
 ENGLISH ROOT WORDS MASTER LIST
PART 1: MAIN INSTRUCTIONAL ROOTS
Root Word Meaning Examples

1. AC / ACR Sharp, bitter, sour Acute, Acrimony, Acrid, Acerbic

2. AM / AMI Love, friendship Amiable, Amicable, Amorous, Amity

3. ANTI / ANT Before, prior to Antecedent, Anterior, Antiquity

4. ANTHROP Mankind, human Philanthropic, Misanthropic, Anthropology

5. MONO One, single Monotonous, Monologue

6. ANTI Against, opposite Antidote, Antipathy, Antithesis

7. BELLI / BELLU War, fight Belligerent, Bellicose, Rebellion

8. BEN / BON Good, well, benefit Benevolence, Benediction, Bonafide

9. CEED / CESS To go, yield, stop Concede, Cease, Cessation, Recede

10. SIDE / CIDE To kill Homicide, Suicide, Genocide, Regicide

11. CIRCUM Circle, around Circumspect, Circumlocution, Circumscribe

12. CLIN / CLIV Lean, slope Inclination, Proclivity, Declivity

13. CLUS / CLUD Close, shut Seclusion, Reclusive, Claustrophobia

14. COGN / GNO To know Recognize, Incognito, Cognate

15. CORP Body Corpulent, Corps, Corporeal, Incorporate

16. CRACY / CRAT Rule, power Democracy, Autocracy, Plutocracy

17. CRED Believe, trust Credulous, Credible, Credentials

18. CULP Fault, blame Culprit, Culpable, Inculpate, Exculpate

19. DOC / DOCT To teach Doctrine, Docile, Doctrinaire

20. DOL Pain, sorrow Condolence, Doleful, Indolent, Dolorous

21. DUC / DUCT To lead Induce, Aqueduct, Conduct, Ductile

22. EGO I, self Egocentric, Egoism, Egotist

Root Word Meaning Examples

23. EU Good, well, pleasant Euphoria, Eulogy, Euthanasia

24. FRAG / FRACT To break Fragment, Fracture, Fractious

25. GEN Birth, kind, race Genuine, Genre, Homogeneous

26. GRAD / GRESS Step, to go Graduate, Progress, Digress

27. GREG Group, flock Gregarious, Segregate, Congregate

28. JECT / JAC To throw Projectile, Reject, Eject, Jettison

29. JUD / JUR / JUS Law, judge Judicious, Subjugate, Judicial

30. LAT Side Lateral, Collateral, Latitude

31. LEG / LEX Read, word, law Legend, Lexicon, Legible

32. LOQU / LOG To speak Elocution, Loquacious, Dialogue

33. LUC / LUM Light, shine Lucid, Elucidate, Illuminate

34. LUD / LUS To play, mock Ludicrous, Allude, Prelude

35. MAGN / MAJ Great, large Magnate, Majesty, Magnanimous

36. MAL / MALE Bad, evil Malicious, Malign, Malignant

37. MATER / MATRI Mother Matron, Matriarch, Maternity

38. MNE / MEMOR To remember Memoir, Memento, Amnesty

39. NOC / NOX Harm, night Innocuous, Pernicious, Noxious

PART 2: SUPPORTING ROOTS (Additional roots

found in definitions and synonyms)

Root Word Meaning Examples

AMBI Both Ambidextrous, Ambivalent,

Ambiguous

PHIL Love Philosophy, Anglophile,

Bibliophile

MISO Hate Misogyny, Misandry,

Misanthrope
LOGY Study of Biology, Theology,
Anthropology

PATH Feeling / Pain Sympathy, Empathy,

Telepathy

THET Put / Place Hypothesis, Epithet,

Parenthetical

DICT Speak / Say Dictate, Contradict, Predict

FID Faith / Trust Fidelity, Confide, Perfidy

VOL Wish / Will Volunteer, Malevolent,

Voluntary

HOMO Same Homogeneous, Homonym,

Homophone

PATER Father Paternal, Patriarch,

Paternity

FRATER Brother Fraternal, Fraternity,

Fratricide

SOROR Sister Sorority, Sororal, Sororicide

REG King / Rule Regent, Regime, Regal

UXOR Wife Uxorial, Uxoricide

PHOBIA Fear Claustrophobia,

Hydrophobia, Acrophobia

SOLO Alone Soliloquy, Solitude, Soloist

SCRIBE To Write Inscribe, Scribble, Script

AUTO Self Autobiography, Autonomy,

Automate

DEMO People Democracy, Demographics,

Epidemic

PLUTO Wealth Plutocracy

ARCHY Rule Monarchy, Hierarchy,

Anarchy

AQUA Water Aquatic, Aquarium,

Aqueduct

LIBER Free Liberty, Liberal, Liberation

RETRO Backward Retrospect, Retrograde,

 Retroactive

DYS- Bad / Hard Dysfunctional, Dyslexia,

Dystopia

PAN All Panorama, Pandemic,

Pantheon

THEO God Theology, Monotheism,

Atheist

CHRON Time Chronology, Anachronism,

Chronic

VIV Life Vivid, Vivacious, Survival

PED Child / Foot Pediatrician, Impediment,

Pedal

OPUS Work Opus, Magnum Opus

VER Truth Verify, Verdict, Veracity

DOR Smell Dormitory (often derived

from dor for "sleep" in some
contexts, but also related to
odor), Odorous

ADROIT Skill Adroitness

ALMA Nourishing Alma Mater

IN- / IM- Not Incapable, Imbalance,

Incomplete

PER- Through Permeate, Persist, Perforate

INTER- Between Interject, Intersect,

International

OB- Against Obstacle, Obstruct, Object

SE- Apart Segregate, Seclude,

Separate

CON- / COM- With / Together Congregate, Community,

Concise

PRO- Forward Proceed, Project, Propel

SUB- Under Submarine, Submerge,

Subordinate

POST- After Postpone, Postscript,

Posterior
FORE- Front / Before Foresee, Foreword,
Forefront

TRANS- Across Transfer, Transport,

Translate

EX- / E- Out Exit, Eject, Emit

RE- Back / Again Repeat, Revert, Redo

DE- Down / Away Decline, Demote, Detach

VORA Eat Voracious, Carnivore,

Herbivore

CENTRIC Center Eccentric, Concentric,

Centerpiece

THANAS Death Euthanasia

HETERO Different Heterogeneous, Heterodox

EPI- Upon / After Epilogue, Epidermis,

Epitaph

MOB Move Mobile, Mobility, Immobilize

POLY Many Polygamy, Polyglot,

Polynomial

TELE Far Television, Teleport,

Telekinesis

SCIO To Know Science, Conscience,

Omniscient

MORPH Form Metamorphosis,

Morphology, Amorphous

PHON Sound Telephone, Symphony,

Megaphone

SPECT To Look Inspect, Spectator,

Spectacle

TRAJ Across/Path Trajectory

Tab 7