OCR AS Mathematics Coordinate geometry

Topic assessment
1. A line l1 has equation 5 y + 4 x = 3 .
(a) Find the gradient of the line. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the line l2 which is parallel to l1 and passes through the point
(1, -2). Give your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0 . [2]

2. The coordinates of two points are A (-1, -3) and B (5, 7). Calculate the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of AB. [4]

3. In this question you must show detailed reasoning.

The line y = 3x + k does not intersect the circle x 2 + y 2 = 10 .
Find the range of values for k. [5]

4. The equation of a circle is x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y = 15

(a) Find the coordinates of the centre C of the circle, and the radius of the circle. [3]
(b) Show that the point P (4, -5) lies on the circle. [1]
(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point P. [3]

5. The coordinates of four points are P (-2, -1), Q (6, 3), R (9, 2) and S (1, -2).
(a) Prove that PQRS is a parallelogram. [3]
(b) Find the perpendicular distance of Q from SR. [6]
(c) Calculate the area of the parallelogram PQRS. [2]

6. AB is the diameter of a circle. A is (1, 3) and B is (7, -1).

(a) Find the equation of the circle. [3]
(b) The line y + 5x = 8 cuts the circle at A and again at a second point D. Calculate the
coordinates of D. [4]
(c) Find the area of triangle ABD. [3]

Total 40 marks

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Solutions to topic assessment

1. (a) 5 y + 4 x = 3 .
5 y = −4 x + 3
y = − 54 x + 53
Gradient of line = − 54
[1]
(b) l2 is parallel to l1, so it has the form 5 y + 4 x + k = 0 .
Substituting in x = 1 and y = −2 gives −10 + 4 + k = 0
k =6
Equation of line is 5 y + 4 x + 6 = 0
[2]

y 1 − y2 −3 − 7 −10 5
2. Gradient of AB = = = =
x 1 − x 2 −1 − 5 −6 3
3
Gradient of line perpendicular to AB = − .
5
−1 + 5 −3 + 7 
The line passes through the midpoint of AB =  ,  = (2,2)
 2 2 
Equation of line is y − 2 = − 53 ( x − 2)
5( y − 2) = −3( x − 2)
5 y − 10 = −3 x + 6
5 y + 3 x = 16
[4]

3. Substituting y = 3 x + k into x 2 + y 2 = 10
gives x 2 + (3 x + k )2 = 10
x 2 + 9 x 2 + 6kx + k 2 = 10
10 x 2 + 6kx + k 2 − 10 = 0
Since line does not meet circle, discriminant is negative:
(6k )2 − 4  10(k 2 − 10)  0
36k 2 − 40k 2 + 400  0
4k 2  400
k 2  100
So k  −10 or k  10 .
[5]

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4. (a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y = 15
x 2 − 4 x + y 2 + 2 y = 15
( x − 2)2 − 4 + ( y + 1)2 − 1 = 15
( x − 2)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 20
The centre C of the circle is (2, -1) and the radius is 20 .
[3]
(b) Substituting x = 4 and y = -5: (4 − 2) +( −5 + 1) = 4 + 16 = 20
2 2

so the point (4, -5) lies on the circle.

[1]
−1 −( −5 ) 4
(c)Gradient of CP = = = −2
2−4 −2
Tangent at P is perpendicular to CP, so gradient of tangent = 21 .
Equation of tangent is y − ( −5 ) = 21 ( x − 4)
2( y + 5 ) = x − 4
2 y + 10 = x − 4
2 y = x − 14
[3]

y 1 − y2 −1 − 3 −4 1
5. (a) Gradient of PQ = = = =
x 1 − x 2 −2 − 6 −8 2
y − y2 3 − 2 1 1
Gradient of QR = 1 = = =−
x 1 − x 2 6 − 9 −3 3
y − y2 2 −( −2) 4 1
Gradient of RS = 1 = = =
x1 − x2 9− 1 8 2
y 1 − y2 −2 −( −1) −1 1
Gradient of SP = = = =−
x1 − x2 1 −( −2) 3 3
PQ is parallel to RS, and QR is parallel to SP, so the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
[3]
(b) From (a), gradient of SR = 1
2
Equation of SR is y − ( −2) = 21 ( x − 1)
2( y + 2) = x − 1
2y + 4 = x − 1
2y = x − 5
Line perpendicular to SR has gradient -2 and goes through (6, 3)
Equation of this line is y − 3 = −2( x − 6)
y − 3 = −2 x + 12
y + 2 x = 15
Using a calculator to solve simultaneous equations gives x = 7, y = 1
Coordinates of intersection point T are (7, 1)
Perpendicular distance of Q from SR is given by

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d = ( 7 − 6)2 + (1 − 3)2 = 1 + 4 = 5
[6]
(c)

SR = ( 9 − 1)2 +(2 −( −2))2 = 64 + 16 = 80

Area of parallelogram = SR  QT
= 80 5
= 16 5 5
= 4  5 = 20
[2]

1 + 7 3 + ( −1) 
6. (a) C is the midpoint of AB. C =  ,  = (4, 1)
 2 2 
Radius of circle = CA = (4 − 1)2 + (1 − 3)2 = 9 + 4 = 13
Equation of circle is ( x − 4)2 +( y − 1)2 = 13
[3]
(b) Substituting y = −5 x + 8 into equation of circle:
( x − 4)2 + ( −5 x + 8 − 1)2 = 13
( x − 4)2 + ( −5 x + 7)2 = 13
x 2 − 8 x + 16 + 25 x 2 − 70 x + 49 = 13
26 x 2 − 78 x + 52 = 0
x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
( x − 1)( x − 2) = 0
x = 1 or x = 2
x = 1 is point A, so point D is x = 2
When x = 2, y = −5  2 + 8 = −2
The coordinates of D are (2, -2)
[4]
(v) Since AB is a diameter, angle ADB is a right-angle.
AD 2 = (2 − 1)2 + ( −2 − 3)2 = 1 + 25 = 26
BD 2 = (2 − 7)2 + ( −2 −( −1))2 = 25 + 1 = 26
Area of triangle = 21  26  26
= 13
[3]

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