Digital Wallet System
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Krishnaansh Viz(23BCS10106)
Tejasv(23BCS11646)
Mayank Gupta (23BCS10974)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
(BE-CSE / Department of Computer Science and Engineering)
Chandigarh University
2026
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report entitled “ igital allet System” is the Bonafide work of
Krishnaansh , Tejasv and M ayank out the project work under guidance of Radha in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering at
Chandigarh University.
The work presented in this report is original and has not been submitted either in part or in full
for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship, or similar title to any other institution
or university.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Submitted to: Radha
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to my project supervisor, faculty members, and the Department
of Computer Science and engineering for their valuable guidance, constructive suggestions,
and continuous encouragement throughout the development of this mini project. Their
academic support helped transform an abstract numerical analysis concept into a practical
software application.
I also acknowledge Chandigarh University for providing the learning environment and
infrastructure required to complete this work. Special thanks are extended to the open-source
developer communities behind Python, Custom Kinter, SymPy, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib,
and FPDF, whose tools significantly contributed to the implementation of this project.
Finally, I thank my peers, friends, and family members for their motivation and support during
the planning, development, testing, and documentation phases of the project.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................ 10
1.1. Identification of Client and Need .................................................................................10
1.2. Relevant Contemporary Issue ..................................................................................... 10
1.3. Problem Identification .................................................................................................. 10
1.4. Objectives and Task Identification ............................................................................... 11
1.5. Timeline and Organization of the Report ...................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 2........................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Concept Generation .......................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Evaluation and Selection of Features ................................................................................12
2.3 Design Constraints ........................................................................................................... 13
2.4 System Architecture ......................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Application Workflow..................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 3........................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Software Modules Used in the Project ............................................................................. 15
3.2 Validation Case and Observations................................................................................... 15
3.3 Result Screens and Interpretation .................................................................................... 16
3.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ....................................................... 21
4.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Future Work .................................................................................................................. 21
4.3 Major Achievements ..................................................................................................... 22
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LIST OF FIGURES
1. Figure 2.1 System Architecture of Numerical Analysis Pro
2. Figure 2.2 Application Workflow
3. Figure 3.1 Main Interface and Data Table View
4. Figure 3.2 Visual Graphs Showing Root Location and Convergence
5. Figure 3.3 Method Comparison Screen for Multiple Algorithms
6. Figure 3.4 Step-by-Step Iteration Trace for Bisection Method
7. Figure 3.5 Generated Function Plot for the Validation Equation
8. Figure A.1 Equation Input and Method Selection Screen
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ABSTRACT
The Digital Wallet System is a full-stack web-based application developed using Python, React, and
SQL to facilitate secure and efficient digital financial transactions. The project addresses the
increasing demand for cashless payment solutions in today’s digital economy, where traditional
methods often lack convenience, speed, and transparency. By providing a centralized platform for
managing financial activities, the system enables users to perform transactions such as adding money,
transferring funds, and monitoring transaction history in a seamless manner.
The application integrates multiple technologies to ensure smooth functionality and performance. The
backend, developed using Python, handles business logic, authentication, and API communication,
while the frontend, built with React, provides an interactive and user-friendly interface. SQL is used
for structured data storage, ensuring efficient management of user information and transaction
records. The system is designed with a modular architecture that enhances maintainability and
scalability.
The workflow of the application includes user registration, secure login authentication, wallet balance
management, and transaction processing. Each transaction is validated and recorded in the database
to maintain consistency and reliability. The system also provides real-time updates and a clear
overview of transaction history, allowing users to track their financial activities effectively.
Testing and validation demonstrate that the system performs reliably under normal usage conditions,
ensuring accuracy in transaction processing and data storage. The application emphasizes usability
and security, although advanced security mechanisms such as encryption and multi-factor
authentication can be incorporated in future versions.
Despite certain limitations such as scalability constraints and lack of integration with real banking
systems, the project successfully demonstrates the implementation of a functional digital payment
solution. Future enhancements may include mobile application support, integration with payment
gateways, advanced security features, and cloud deployment for improved accessibility.
Overall, the Digital Wallet System showcases how modern web technologies can be utilized to build
a secure, efficient, and user-centric financial application, contributing to the advancement of digital
payment ecosystems.
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Abbreviation / Symbol Meaning
GUI Graphical User Interface
CSV Comma-Separated Values
PDF Portable Document Format
tol Tolerance used as convergence criterion
f(x) Target nonlinear function whose root is required
x_n Nth iterative approximation of the root
|error| Absolute approximation error at a given iteration
NLP Natural Language Processing
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Identification of Client and Need
The Digital Wallet System is designed for general users who require a secure and efficient
method to manage financial transactions digitally. The primary users include students, working
professionals, and small business owners who prefer cashless transactions.
With the increasing adoption of smartphones and internet services, there is a growing demand
for digital financial solutions. Traditional payment methods are time-consuming and less
secure, which creates a need for a reliable digital wallet system that enables users to store
money, transfer funds, and track transactions easily.
1.2 Relevant Contemporary Issue
With In today’s digital era, cashless transactions have become essential. However, challenges
such as security risks, fraud, and lack of financial awareness still exist. Many users are hesitant
to adopt digital payment systems due to concerns regarding data privacy and unauthorized
access.
This project addresses these issues by implementing a secure, user-friendly, and transparent
digital wallet system that ensures safe transactions and improves user trust.
1.3 Problem Identification
The main problem is the inability to forecast student performance accurately in online
examinations. Institutions rely heavily on final results, which does not allow early
identification of weak students.
The key problems identified are:
• Lack of a simple and secure platform for digital transactions
• Difficulty in tracking expenses and transaction history
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• Security concerns such as unauthorized access and data breaches
• Complex user interfaces in existing systems
• Dependency on physical cash
1.4 Objectives and Task Identification
The primary objective of this project is to develop a system that predicts student scores using
machine learning algorithms.
Objectives:
• To develop a secure digital wallet system
• To enable users to add, send, and receive money
• To maintain transaction history
• To provide authentication and data security
• To ensure a user-friendly interface
Tasks:
• Requirement analysis
• Database design using SQL
• Backend development using Python
• Frontend development using React
• Integration of all components
• Testing and validation
1.5 Timeline and Organization of the Report
The project was completed in phases:
• Week 1–2: Requirement analysis and planning
• Week 3–4: Database design and backend setup
• Week 5–6: Frontend development
• Week 7: Integration and testing
• Week 8: Documentation
The report is organized into four chapters covering introduction, design, implementation, and
conclusion.
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CHAPTER 2
DESIGN FLOW / PROCESS
2.1 Concept Generation
The idea of the Digital Wallet System was inspired by existing applications like Paytm and
Google Pay. The goal was to create a simplified version with essential features such as
wallet balance, transaction handling, and secure authentication.
Different approaches were considered, including mobile-based and web-based systems. A
web-based solution using React and Python was selected due to ease of development and
accessibility.
Table 2.1: Evaluation of Candidate Design Alternatives
Alternative Advantages Limitations Decision
No technical
knowledge No transaction tracking; risk
required; widely of theft/loss; no automation;
Manual Cash-Based used; no setup inconvenient for online
System cost payments Rejected
Secure Limited flexibility; slower
transactions; processes; not user-friendly
Basic Banking System regulated; reliable for quick payments; lacks
(Traditional) infrastructure custom features Rejected
Less customization;
Mobile Wallet dependency on third-party
Fast transactions; high
Apps (Existing security; feature-rich services; limited control over
Solutions) (QR, UPI, etc.) data and features Considered
2.2 Evaluation and Selection of Features
The following features were evaluated and selected:
• User registration and login
• Wallet balance management
• Add money functionality
• Send/receive money
• Transaction history
• Secure authentication
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Features were selected based on usability, feasibility, and implementation complexity.
Table 2.2: Feature Finalization Subject to Constraints
Feature Reason for Inclusion Constraint
Ensures secure access to the Password security,
User Registration & wallet with unique user authentication handling
Authentication accounts (JWT/session), data privacy
Allows users to add, withdraw, Real-time consistency,
Wallet Balance Management and track available balance concurrency issues
Enables users to send and Transaction security,
Money Transfer (Peer-to-Peer) receive money instantly validation, and failure handling
Provides record of all past Efficient data storage and
Transaction History transactions for transparency retrieval performance
Data Validation & Error Prevents invalid transactions Handling edge cases and
Handling and ensures system reliability maintaining consistency
Handles business logic,
database operations, and API security, scalability, and
Backend API (Python) secure transactions response time
Provides interactive and UI complexity, state
Frontend Interface (React) responsive user experience management
Protects sensitive user and Implementation complexity,
Security Features (Encryption) transaction data performance overhead
2.3 Design Constraints
• Limited availability of real-world datasets
• Time constraints for development
• Computational limitations on local systems
• Dependency of accuracy on data quality.
2.4 System Architecture
Figure 2.1: System architecture of Numerical Analysis Pro.
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The architecture separates presentation logic from computation and data handling. The
interface layer collects user input and displays results, the parsing layer interprets expressions,
the solver engine executes algorithms, the visualization layer renders plots and logs, and the
output layer manages exports and report-ready summaries. This modular separation improves
maintainability and enables future enhancement without rewriting the complete system.
2.5 Application Workflow
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CHAPTER 3
RESULTS ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION
3.1 Software Modules Used in the Project
Table 3.1: Software modules used in the project
Module / File Purpose Technology Used
Main GUI window, handles user
[Link] input, navigation, and displays Python, CustomTkinter
results
Cleans, normalizes, and
data_preprocessing.py prepares student data for model Python, Pandas, NumPy
training
Implements machine learning
[Link] algorithms for score prediction Python, Scikit-learn
Generates graphs and
[Link] performance charts for analysis Matplotlib
Generates and exports results in
report_export.py CSV and PDF formats Pandas, FPDF
3.2 Validation Case and Observations
Observations:
• Predictions are close to actual values
• Model performs better with larger datasets
• Slight deviations occur due to limited features
•
Model / Iterations /
Predicted Score Final Error Status
Method Epochs
Linear
Regression 78.5 100 0.062 Success
Decisio
n Tree 80.2 50 0.058 Success
Random Forest 82.1 75 0.034 Success
Support Vector
Machine 79.8 60 0.041 Success
K-Nearest Moderate
77.9 40 0.055
Neighbors Accuracy
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3.3 Result Screens and Interpretation
The system provides:
• Input form for entering student data
• Output screen displaying predicted score
• Graphs showing trends and comparisons
Interpretation:
• Higher attendance and assignments correlate with better scores
• Visualization helps identify performance patterns
Figure 3.1: Main interface and populated data table view after executing the bisection method.
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3.4 Discussion
The implementation of the Digital Wallet System demonstrates the practical applicability of
machine learning in the education domain. The system successfully integrates data
processing, predictive modeling, and visualization techniques to provide meaningful insights
into student [Link] of the key strengths of the system is its ability to generate
predictions quickly and accurately based on a limited set of input features. This makes it a
valuable tool for educators who need to assess student progress in real time. Additionally, the
use of visualization enhances the interpretability of the results, allowing users to understand
complex relationships in the data
However, the system also has certain limitations that must be acknowledged. The accuracy of
predictions is highly dependent on the quality and quantity of the input data. In cases where
the dataset is small or lacks diversity, the model may not generalize well to new inputs.
Furthermore, the current implementation uses a limited number of features, which may not
fully capture all factors influencing student [Link] limitation is the absence of
advanced machine learning techniques such as deep learning or ensemble methods, which
could potentially improve prediction accuracy. Despite these challenges, the system provides
a strong foundation for further development and demonstrates the feasibility of using
machine learning for academic performance prediction.
Future improvements may include incorporating additional features such as student behavior,
participation levels, and psychological factors, as well as experimenting with more advanced
algorithms. With these enhancements, the system can be further refined to deliver even more
accurate and insightful predictions.
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CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The Digital Wallet System successfully demonstrates the practical application of machine
learning techniques in the field of education. The project was designed with the objective of
predicting student performance using historical and behavioral data, and it achieves this goal
by integrating data preprocessing, model training, and visualization within a unified system.
Through the use of Python-based tools and libraries, the system is capable of analyzing
multiple input parameters such as attendance, assignment performance, study hours, and
previous academic records to generate meaningful predictions.
One of the key outcomes of this project is the ability to provide early insights into student
performance. Unlike traditional evaluation systems that rely solely on final examination
results, this system enables educators to identify trends and potential risks at an earlier stage.
This proactive approach allows for timely academic interventions, such as additional support
for underperforming students or personalized learning strategies. As a result, the system
contributes to improving overall educational outcomes and enhancing student success rates.
Another important aspect of the project is its emphasis on usability and accessibility. The
integration of a user-friendly interface ensures that both educators and students can interact
with the system without requiring advanced technical knowledge. The inclusion of graphical
representations further enhances the interpretability of the results, making it easier for users to
understand performance trends and relationships between different factors.
Despite certain limitations, such as dependency on data quality and a restricted set of
features, the system provides reliable predictions with acceptable accuracy. The project
highlights the potential of machine learning in transforming traditional educational practices
into more intelligent and data-driven processes. Overall, the successful implementation of this
system demonstrates that predictive analytics can play a significant role
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4.1 Future Work
• While the current implementation of the Online Examination Score Prediction System provides a
solid foundation, there are several opportunities for further enhancement and expansion. One of the
primary areas for improvement is the incorporation of more advanced machine learning algorithms.
Techniques such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Neural Networks can be explored to
improve prediction accuracy and handle complex data patterns more effectively. These models are
capable of capturing nonlinear relationships and interactions between features, which may lead to
more precise results.
• Another important direction for future work is the integration of real-time data processing. In
the current system, predictions are based on static datasets. By connecting the system to live
databases or learning management systems, it would be possible to update predictions
dynamically as new data becomes available. This would enhance the system’s ability to
provide up-to-date insights and support continuous monitoring of student performance.
• The inclusion of additional features is also a significant area for improvement. Factors such
as student participation in class activities, engagement in online discussions, psychological
aspects, and extracurricular involvement can provide a more comprehensive understanding of
student performance. Incorporating these features into the model may improve its predictive
capabilities and make it more robust.
• Furthermore, deploying the system on a cloud-based platform can greatly enhance its
accessibility and scalability. Cloud deployment would allow multiple users to access the
system simultaneously from different locations, making it suitable for large-scale educational
institutions. It would also enable better data management and integration with other digital
tools used in the education sector.
• Another potential enhancement is the development of a mobile application version of the
system. This would allow students and educators to access predictions and insights
conveniently through their smartphones, increasing user engagement and usability
• Overall, the future scope of this project is extensive, and with continuous improvements, it
can evolve into a comprehensive educational analytics platform capable of transforming how
academic performance is monitored and evaluated.
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REFERENCES
[1.] Burden, R. L., Faires, J. D., and Burden, A. M. Numerical Analysis. Cengage Learning.
[2.] SymPy Development Team. SymPy Documentation. [Link]
[3.] NumPy Developers. NumPy Documentation. [Link]
[4.] Pandas Development Team. Pandas Documentation. [Link]
[5.] Matplotlib Development Team. Matplotlib Documentation. [Link]
[6.] Tom Schimansky. Custom Kinter Documentation.
[7.] PyFPDF Documentation. [Link]
[8.] Chandigarh University UG Project Report Format 2026 (uploaded format reference).
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APPENDIX
USER MANUAL
A.1 Purpose of the Manual
This appendix provides a comprehensive guide for operating the Online Examination Score
Prediction System. It is intended for students, instructors, and evaluators who wish to use
the application for predicting academic performance, analyzing trends, and generating
reports. The manual explains the installation process, execution steps, and detailed usage of
the system to ensure that users can interact with the application efficiently without requiring
advanced technical knowledge.
The system is designed to be user-friendly while offering powerful analytical capabilities.
Therefore, this manual not only explains how to operate the software but also helps users
understand how to interpret the predicted results and utilize them for academic decision-
making. By following the steps outlined in this section, users can successfully run the
application, input data, generate predictions, and export results for further analysis or
documentation.
A.2 Installation and Execution
• Keep all project files in a single folder (main file, model file, preprocessing, etc.)
• Install required Python libraries (Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn)
• Use [Link] or pip install commands
• Open terminal/command prompt in project directory
• Run the main Python file (e.g., [Link])
• Wait for the GUI to load completely
• Ensure no missing dependency errors before using the system
A.3 Operating Steps
Table A.1: Quick user operation guide
Step Action
Enter student details (attendance, assignment
1 marks, study hours, etc.)
2 Click “Predict Score” button
3 System preprocesses input data automatically
4 Machine learning model generates prediction
5 View predicted score on output screen
6 Analyze graphs and performance charts
7 Export results in CSV or PDF format
Use Save, Load, and Reset options for session
8 handling
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