Chemistry of the environment

Water

1. Describe chemical tests for the presence of water using anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride and
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
2. Describe how to test for the purity of water using melting point and boiling point
3. Explain that distilled water is used in practical chemistry rather than tap water because it
contains fewer chemical impurities
4. State that water from natural sources may contain substances, including:
(a) dissolved oxygen
(b) metal compounds
(c) plastics
(d) sewage
(e) harmful microbes
(f) nitrates from fertilisers
(g) phosphates from fertilisers and detergents
5. State that some of these substances are beneficial, including:
(a) dissolved oxygen for aquatic life
(b) some metal compounds provide essential minerals for life
6. State that some of these substances are potentially harmful, including:
(a) some metal compounds are toxic
(b) some plastics harm aquatic life
(c) sewage contains harmful microbes which cause disease
(d) nitrates and phosphates lead to deoxygenation of water and damage to aquatic life
Details of the eutrophication process are not required
7. Describe the treatment of the domestic water supply in terms of:
(a) sedimentation and filtration to remove solids
(b) use of carbon to remove tastes and odours
(c) chlorination to kill microbes

Fertilisers

1. State that ammonium salts and nitrates are used as fertilisers

2. Describe the use of NPK fertilisers to provide the elements nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium for improved plant growth

Air quality and climate

1. State the composition of clean, dry air as approximately 78% nitrogen, N 2, 21% oxygen, O2,
and the remainder as a mixture of noble gases and carbon dioxide, CO2
2. State the source of each of these air pollutants:
(a) carbon dioxide from the complete combustion of carbon-containing fuels
(b) carbon monoxide and particulates from the incomplete combustion of carbon-
containing fuels
(c) methane from the decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in
animals
(d) oxides of nitrogen from car engines
(e) sulfur dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels which contain sulfur compounds
3. State the adverse effects of these air pollutants:
 (a) carbon dioxide: higher levels of carbon dioxide leading to increased global warming,
which leads to climate change
(b) carbon monoxide: toxic gas
(c) particulates: increased risk of respiratory problems and cancer
(d) methane: higher levels of methane leading to increased global warming, which leads to
climate change
(e) oxides of nitrogen: acid rain, photochemical smog and respiratory problems
(f) sulfur dioxide: acid rain
4. Describe how the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane cause global warming,
limited to:
(a) the absorption, reflection and emission of thermal energy
(b) reducing thermal energy loss to space
5. State and explain strategies to reduce the effects of these environmental issues, limited to:
(a) climate change: planting trees, reduction in livestock farming, decreasing use of fossil
fuels, increasiing use of hydrogen and renewable energy, e.g. wind, solar
(b) acid rain: use of catalytic converters in vehicles, reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide by
using lowsulfur fuels and flue gas desulfurisation with calcium oxide
6. Explain how oxides of nitrogen form in car engines and describe their removal by catalytic
converters, e.g. 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2
7. Describe photosynthesis as the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce
glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and using energy from light
8. State the word equation and symbol equation for photosynthesis
 Paper-I

May/June
2021-2003
1. Which statement about gases in the atmosphere is correct?
A. Carbon monoxide is a pollutant which causes acid rain.
B. Catalytic converters reduce carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
C. Methane in the atmosphere depletes the ozone layer.
D. Photosynthesis adds oxygen to the atmosphere.
(5070_s21_qp_11 Q. 34)
2. Sea water is not safe to drink. It can be converted into drinkable water by desalination. What
does desalination involve?
E. adding chlorine to kill bacteria G. removing the salt by filtration
F. boiling the water to sterilise it H. separating the water by distillation
(5070_s20_qp_11 Q. 32)
3. Sea water has to be purified in order to obtain drinking water from it. Which processes are used
to purify the sea water?

(5070_s20_qp_12 Q. 32)
4. Some atmospheric pollutants are listed.
1 sulfur dioxide 3 nitrogen dioxide
2 methane 4 unburned hydrocarbons
Which substances could be removed by reacting with calcium carbonate?
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4
(5070_s19_qp_11 Q. 31)
5. River water contains many impurities. Which process alone can produce pure water from river
water?
A. adding chlorine C. filtering
B. distillation D. passing through carbon
(5070_s19_qp_11 Q. 32)
6. Which statement about some of the gases present in air is correct?
A. Dry air contains about 78% of oxygen.
B. Methane is produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
C. Sulfur dioxide is released by volcanoes.
D. The noble gases make up about 5% of dry air.
(5070_s19_qp_12 Q.31)
7. Which treatment process is used to disinfect water?
A. adding carbon B. chlorination C. desalination D. filtration
(5070_s19_qp_12 Q.32)
8. Which pair of gases are both non-acidic?
A. ammonia and methane C. methane and nitrogen dioxide
B. carbon dioxide and ammonia D. nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide
(5070_s18_qp_11 Q.34)
9. Which term correctly describes the conversion of seawater into drinkable water?
A. chlorination B. desalination C. filtration D. neutralization
(5070_s18_qp_11 Q.35)
10. When a volcano erupts, which gas is produced in significant amounts?
A. Carbon monoxide C. ozone
B. methane D. sulfur dioxide
(5070_s18_qp_12 Q.40) (5070_s14_qp_11 Q.37)(5070_s14_qp_12 Q.40) (5070_s11_qp_11.Q.32)
(5070_s11_qp_12.Q.32)
11. A farmer spread ammonium nitrate, a nitrogenous fertiliser, on a field. The next day he spread
calcium hydroxide on the same field. This caused a loss of nitrogen from the ammonium nitrate.
Which chemical reaction occurred?
A. The calcium ions reacted with the ammonium ions, producing ammonia gas.
B. The calcium ions reacted with the nitrate ions, producing oxides of nitrogen.
C. The hydroxide ions reacted with the ammonium ions, producing ammonia gas.
D. The hydroxide ions reacted with the nitrate ions, producing oxides of nitrogen.
(5070_s17_qp_11 Q.31)
12. Which row correctly compares carbon dioxide and methane?

(5070_s17_qp_11 Q.32) (5070_s20_qp_11 Q.31) (5070_s20_qp_12 Q.31)

13. Fossil fuels are used to power some internal combustion engines. Which pollutants are produced
by an internal combustion engine burning fossil fuels?
1 carbon monoxide 2 nitrogen oxides 3 sulfur dioxide
A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 2 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 2 and 3 only
(5070_s17_qp_11 Q.33)
14. Bottled fruit juice may have small amounts of sulfur dioxide added. What is the purpose of this?
A. to adjust the acidity of the fruit juice C. to improve the flavour of the fruit
B. to kill any bacteria present juice
D. to neutralise any alkalis present
(5070_s17_qp_12 Q.31)
15. Dissolved substances in water can cause eutrophication.
How many of the ions shown cause this effect?
Cl– CO32– Na+ NO3– PO43–
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
(5070_s17_qp_12 Q.32)
16. Which list contains only gases that are always present in unpolluted air?
A. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide
B. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon
C. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone
D. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, sulfur dioxide
(5070_s17_qp_12 Q.33) (5070_s17_qp_12 Q.9)
17. Which pollutant causes eutrophication in rivers?
A. acid rain C. fertilizer
B. carbon monoxide D. metal compounds
(5070_s16_qp_11 Q.32)
18. Which ion is present in both sewage and fertilisers and can cause eutrophication when it enters
rivers?
A. carbonate B. chloride C. nitrate D. sulfate
(5070_s16_qp_12 Q.32)
19. The diagram shows an experiment to determine the percentage of oxygen in air.

(5070_s16_qp_12 Q.33)
20. The table shows the composition of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine.

What is gas Y?
A. ammonia B. argon C. chlorine D. nitrogen
(5070_s15_qp_11 Q.29)
21. Which two gases do not damage limestone buildings?
A. nitrogen and carbon monoxide C. nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide D. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
(5070_s15_qp_11 Q.30) (5070_s15_qp_12 Q.26)
22. A diagram of a biogas generator is shown.

The gas, if collected, can be used as a fuel. However, if the gas is allowed to escape it becomes
an atmospheric pollutant. What is the gas?
A. carbon monoxide
B. methane
C. nitrogen
D. sulfur dioxide
(5070_s15_qp_12 Q.33)
23. What is not essential for photosynthesis?
A. carbon dioxide B. sugar C. light D. water
(5070_s14_qp_11 Q.32)
24. Which compound, on combustion, never forms carbon?
A. carbon monoxide B. ethanol C. ethane D. methane
(5070_s14_qp_11 Q.34) (5070_s14_qp_12 Q.33)
25. CFC compounds were commonly used as aerosol propellants. The structure of one CFC
compound is shown.

Which element in this compound causes a depletion of ozone in the atmosphere?

A. carbon B. chlorine C. fluorine D. hydrogen
(5070_s13_qp_11 Q.33) (5070_w17_qp_12.Q.33)
26. Which gas is most likely to react with limestone?
A. ammonia B. carbon monoxide C. methane D. sulfur dioxide
(5070_s13_qp_11 Q.34)
27. Which method will remove salt from seawater?
A. chlorination B. distillation C. filtration D. use of carbon
(5070_s13_qp_12 Q.34)
28. A sample of air was bubbled into water. The pH of the water slowly changed from 7 to 6. Which
gas in the sample caused this change?
A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. nitrogen D. oxygen
(5070_s12_qp_11.Q.20)
29. Which pair of gases could be removed from the atmosphere using calcium carbonate?
A. CO2 and O3 B. CO and SO2 C. CH4 and NO2 D. NO2 and SO2
(5070_s12_qp_11.Q.32)
30. In which parts of a motor car do the reactions, shown in the equations, take place?

(5070_s12_qp_11.Q.33)
31. Which gas is not obtained industrially by fractional distillation?
A. ammonia B. argon C. nitrogen D. oxygen
(5070_s12_qp_12.Q.2)
32. The oxide Q dissolves in water to form a colourless solution. This solution reacts with sodium
carbonate to produce carbon dioxide. What is Q?
A. copper(II) oxide B. sodium oxide C. sulfur dioxide D. zinc oxide
(5070_s12_qp_12.Q.17)
33. Which compound when reacted with sulfuric acid produces a product which is used as a fertiliser?
A. ammonia C. calcium hydroxide
B. calcium carbonate D. sodium hydroxide
(5070_s12_qp_12.Q.21)
34. The processes photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation all change the amount of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. Which processes increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere?
A. photosynthesis and fermentation C. respiration and fermentation
B. photosynthesis only D. respiration only
(5070_s12_qp_12.Q.33)
35. Which process would destroy the bacteria in water?
A. chlorination C. filtration
B. desalination D. treatment with carbon
(5070_s12_qp_12.Q.34)
36. The gases coming from a car’s exhaust contain oxides of nitrogen. How are these oxides formed?
A. Nitrogen reacts with carbon dioxide. C. Nitrogen reacts with oxygen.
B. Nitrogen reacts with carbon D. Nitrogen reacts with petrol.
monoxide.
(5070_s11_qp_11.Q.31)(5070_s11_qp_12.Q)
37. Why is carbon used in the purification of drinking water?
A. It desalinates the water. D. It removes tastes and odours from the
B. It disinfects the water. water.
C. It filters out solids.
(5070_s10_qp_11.Q.30) (5070_s10_qp_12.Q.30) (5070_s10_qp_13.Q.30)
38. Which gas burns in air to form only one product?
A. ammonia C. hydrogen chloride
B. carbon monoxide D. methane
(5070_s10_qp_11.Q.31) (5070_s10_qp_12.Q.29) (5070_s10_qp_13.Q.29) (5070_s07_qp_1.Q.34)
39. The list shows three chemical reactions.
1. combustion of ethanol 3. reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid
2. fermentation of glucose to give an ester
In which reactions is water a product?
A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
(5070_s10_qp_11.Q.33) (5070_s10_qp_12.Q.38) (5070_s10_qp_13.Q.38)
40. Which gas reacts with sulfuric acid to form a fertiliser?
A. ammonia, NH3 C. hydrogen, H2
B. carbon dioxide, CO2 D. nitrogen, N2
(5070_s09_qp_1.Q.30)
41. Which gas, present in pond water, decreases in concentration during eutrophication?
A. carbon dioxide B. methane C. nitrogen D. oxygen
(5070_s09_qp_1.Q.32)
42. Methane is a greenhouse gas. Which process releases methane into the air?
A. combustion of petrol C. photosynthesis
B. decay of vegetable matter D. volcanic activity
(5070_s09_qp_1.Q.33)
43. The flow chart shows how impure water can be treated to produce drinkable water.

What is not removed from the water by this process?

A. clay particles B. microbes C. nitrates D. odours
(5070_s08_qp_1.Q.33) (5070_w15_qp_11.Q.31) (5070_w15_qp_12.Q.33)
44. The table shows pollutants which cause eutrophication, sources of these pollutants and a problem
that eutrophication causes. Which entry in the table is correct?

(5070_s07_qp_1.Q.33)
45. Which pair of statements about the combustion of a carbohydrate and its formation by
photosynthesis is not correct?

(5070_s07_qp_1.Q.35)
46. Which test could be used to show that a sample of water is pure?
A. It freezes at exactly 0oC. C. It turns cobalt(II) chloride paper pink.
B. It turns anhydrous copper(II) sulphate D. When it evaporates, it leaves no
blue. residue.
(5070_s06_qp_1.Q.4)
47. The apparatus shown was set up with 100cm3 volume of air in the tube. The volume of gas in the
tube was measured at intervals for six days.

Which graph best represents how the volume of gas changes with time?

(5070_s06_qp_1.Q.29)
48. The gases coming from a car’s exhaust contain oxides of nitrogen. How are these oxides formed?
A. Nitrogen reacts with carbon dioxide. C. Nitrogen reacts with oxygen.
B. Nitrogen reacts with carbon D. Nitrogen reacts with petrol.
monoxide.
(5070_s06_qp_1.Q.34)
49. The table shows pollutants and their possible effects. Which line is not correct?

(5070_s06_qp_1.Q.35)
50. Which gas cannot be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol powered car by its catalytic
converter?
A. carbon dioxide C. hydrocarbons
B. carbon monoxide D. nitrogen dioxide
(5070_s05_qp_1.Q.25)
51. Which gas, present in pond water, decreases in concentration during eutrophication?
A. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen
B. methane D. oxygen
(5070_s05_qp_1.Q.26)
52. The data gives the concentration, in parts of pollutant per billion parts of air, of polluting gases in
four different industrialised cities. In which city are limestone buildings under greatest threat from
pollution?

(5070_s04_qp_1.Q.34)
53. The water in a lake contains the following dissolved substances.
mineral salts nitrates oxygen phosphates sewage
How many of these substances can cause eutrophication?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
(5070_s04_qp_1.Q.35)
54. An 80 cm3 sample of air is trapped in a syringe. The air is slowly passed over heated iron in a tube
until there is no further decrease in volume.

When cooled to the original temperature, which volume of gas remains?

A. 80 cm3 B. 64 cm3 C. 20 cm3 D. 16 cm3
(5070_s03_qp_1.Q.31)
55. Why are catalytic converters fitted to car exhausts?
A. to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide emitted
B. to decrease the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted
C. to improve energy conservation
D. to reduce global warming
(5070_s03_qp_1.Q.34)
56. Why is carbon used in the purification of drinking water?
A. disinfects the water C. removes tastes and odours from the
B. filters out solids water
D. desalinates the water
(5070_s03_qp_1.Q.35)
 Paper-I

October/November
2020-2002
1. Carbon dioxide, methane and oxygen are gases involved in the carbon cycle. Which of these
gases may contribute to global warming?
A. carbon dioxide only C. carbon dioxide and oxygen
B. carbon dioxide and methane D. methane only
(5070_w20_qp_11.Q.32)
2. Which statement gives reasons why ammonium sulfate can be used as a fertiliser?
A. It contains nitrogen and phosphorous which are essential constituents of plant protein.
B. It contains nitrogen to promote plant growth and is soluble in water.
C. It contains sulfate ions which changes the pH of the soil.
D. It contains sulfate ions and forms ammonia when lime is added to the soil.
(5070_w19_qp_11.Q.21)
3. Methane and sulfur dioxide are two air pollutants found in the Earth’s atmosphere. Which row
correctly identifies one source of each gas?

(5070_w19_qp_11.Q.30)
4. The water supply can be purified by filtration and chlorination. Which substance remains in the
water supply after these treatments?
A. fine sand C. mineral salts
B. harmful microbes D. solid organic matter
(5070_w19_qp_11.Q.31)
5. Which statement about photosynthesis is correct?
A. Chlorophyll is a reactant. C. Sunlight is a reactant.
B. Oxygen is a product. D. Water is a product
(5070_w19_qp_12.Q.15)
6. Z is a pollutant gas that is formed in internal combustion engines. An aqueous solution of Z is
acidic. Z is removed from the exhaust gases in a catalytic converter by reduction. What is Z?
A. CO B. N2 C. H2O D. NO2
(5070_w19_qp_12.Q.31)
7. Pollutant gases are released by the bacterial decay of vegetable matter. The bacterial decay of
vegetable matter is the main source of which gas?
A. carbon monoxide C. nitrogen dioxide
B. methane D. sulfur dioxide
(5070_w18_qp_11.Q.32) (5070_w18_qp_12.Q.33)
8. Lakes contain a variety of dissolved substances. Which substance is responsible for
eutrophication in lakes?
A. metal compounds C. oxygen
B. nitrate fertilisers D. sulfuric acid
(5070_w18_qp_11.Q.33)
9. Several different treatments are used to purify the water supply. Which impurities can be
removed by which treatment?

(5070_w18_qp_12.Q.33)
10. Nitrogenous fertilisers can cause eutrophication to occur in rivers. Eutrophication involves the
five stages listed.
1 The fertiliser is washed into the 3 Plants die.
river. 4 Plants begin to decay.
2 Oxygen levels become depleted in 5 Plants in the river grow at an
the river. increased rate.
In which order do these five stages occur during eutrophication?

(5070_w17_qp_11.Q.25)
11. The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

What are processes P, Q and R?

(5070_w17_qp_11.Q.32)
12. What is removed or destroyed when water is desalinated to make it drinkable?
A. bad odours B. harmful bacteria C. sodium chloride D. solid particles
(5070_w17_qp_11.Q.34)
13. Dry air is a mixture of gases of which 99% is nitrogen and oxygen. What is the main constituent
of the remaining 1%?
A. argon B. helium C. hydrogen D. water vapour
(5070_w17_qp_12.Q.34)
14. Why is chlorine added to the water supply?
A. Chlorine is used to desalinate the water.
B. Chlorine kills bacteria that may be present in the water.
C. Chlorine precipitates solids that may be present in the water.
D. Chlorine removes tastes and odours from the water.
(5070_w17_qp_12.Q.35)
15. Which two products are formed during photosynthesis?
A. carbon dioxide and water C. glucose and oxygen
B. chlorophyll and oxygen D. glucose and water
(5070_w16_qp_11.Q.16) (5070_w15_qp_11.Q.37)
16. The table shows treatments used for drinking water supplies and reasons for using those
treatments. Which row is correct?

(5070_w16_qp_11.Q.32)
17. The table shows some atmospheric pollutants and their possible effects. Which row is not
correct?

(5070_w16_qp_11.Q.33) (5070_w16_qp_12.Q.34)
18. Which is not true about the process of photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide and water react in a 1: 1 molar ratio.
B. Glucose is produced and can be used as a source of energy.
C. Oxygen is produced.
D. The reaction is exothermic.
(5070_w14_qp_11.Q.15)
19. Which method of water purification can be used to obtain drinkable water from seawater?
A. chlorination B. desalination C. filtration D. sedimentation
(5070_w14_qp_11.Q.27)
20. Which atmospheric pollutant is produced by bacterial decay of vegetable matter?
A. carbon monoxide B. methane C. ozone D. sulfur dioxide
(5070_w14_qp_11.Q.28)
21. Which statements about fertilisers containing nitrates are correct?
1 They increase plant growth.
2 Nitrates dissolve in water.
3 Eutrophication is caused by nitrates from farmland entering rivers.
4 If nitrates are applied to alkaline soils they produce ammonia gas.
A. 1 and 3 only B. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2 and 3 only
(5070_w14_qp_12.Q.23)
22. Why is carbon used in water purification?
A. It acts as a filter to remove insoluble C. It disinfects the water.
solids. D. It removes tastes and odours.
B. It desalinates the water.
(5070_w14_qp_12.Q.33)
23. The noble gases, argon, helium, krypton and xenon, are present in air. Which noble gas is present
in the largest proportion?
A. argon B. helium C. krypton D. xenon
(5070_w13_qp_11.Q.30)
24. The following stages happen during eutrophication.
1 increase in growth of algae 3 death of aquatic plants
2 increase in nitrate concentration 4 decrease in dissolved oxygen
In which order do these stages occur?
A. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 C. 2 → 1 → 3 → 4
B. 1 → 2 → 4 → 3 D. 2 → 1 → 4 → 3
(5070_w13_qp_11.Q.31) (5070_w13_qp_12.Q.22) (5070_w08_qp_1.Q.39)
25. Which gas will react with ozone in the upper atmosphere of the Earth?
A. CF2Cl2 B. CH4 C. CO2 D. SO2
(5070_w13_qp_11.Q.32)
26. Which process is a renewable energy source?
A. combustion of coal C. fractional distillation of petroleum
B. electrolysis of aluminium oxide D. photosynthesis
(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.21)
27. Which two gases do not damage limestone buildings?
A. nitrogen and carbon monoxide C. nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide D. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.23)
28. Which gas can be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol-powered car by its catalytic
converter?
A. carbon monoxide B. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen D. steam
(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.28) (5070_w12_qp_12.Q.27)
29. The diagram shows some of the uses of sulfur dioxide.

Which two of the numbered boxes are correct?

A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.32)
30. Which row shows both the correct source and the correct effect of the named pollutant?

(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.34) (5070_w12_qp_12.Q.32)
31. In the purification of water, what is the purpose of carbon?
A. to desalinate C. to remove odours
B. to disinfect D. to remove solids
(5070_w12_qp_11.Q.38)
32. A sample of soil has a nitrogenous fertiliser in the form of an ammonium salt added to it.
The ammonium salt dissolves in the water in the soil. When tested a week later, the water in the
soil contained 15.3% of dissolved nitrogen and had a pH of 4.6.
Calcium hydroxide was added to the soil and then the water in the soil was tested the next day,
both for nitrogen content and pH.
What would be the most likely result of the final test?

(5070_w12_qp_12.Q.33)
33. The diagram shows a flow chart for the manufacture of fertiliser.

(5070_w12_qp_12.Q.34)
34. Which pair of statements about the combustion of a carbohydrate and its formation by
photosynthesis is not correct?

(5070_w11_qp_11.Q.15) (5070_w11_qp_12.Q.14)
35. Ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate are salts which can be found in fertilisers.
A sample of a fertiliser is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and a gas with pH10 is given
off. Which salt must be in the fertiliser and which gas is given off?

(5070_w11_qp_11.Q.20) (5070_w11_qp_12.Q.21)
36. The diagram shows steel wool inside a test-tube. The test-tube is inverted in water, trapping air
inside. What will be the water level inside the tube after several days?

(5070_w11_qp_11.Q.24) (5070_w11_qp_12.Q.26)
37. Which gas cannot be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol-powered car by its catalytic
converter?
A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. hydrocarbons D. nitrogen dioxide
(5070_w11_qp_11.Q.28) (5070_w11_qp_12.Q.29)
38. Which noble gas is present in the largest percentage by volume in air?
A. argon B. helium C. krypton D. neon
(5070_w11_qp_11.Q.33) (5070_w11_qp_12.Q.32)
39. A catalytic converter in a car exhaust system speeds up the change of pollutants into less harmful
products. Which change does not occur in a catalytic converter?
A. carbon dioxide → carbon D. unburned hydrocarbons → carbon
B. carbon monoxide → carbon dioxide dioxide and water
C. nitrogen oxides → nitrogen
(5070_w10_qp_11.Q.30) (5070_w10_qp_12.Q.32) (5070_w10_qp_13.Q.32)
(5070_w04_qp_1.Q.34)
40. Which natural process can cause nitrogen oxides to be formed in the atmosphere?
A. bacterial decay of plants C. photosynthesis
B. lightning activity D. respiration
(5070_w10_qp_11.Q.31) (5070_w10_qp_12.Q.30) (5070_w10_qp_13.Q.30)
41. Which type of water in the left hand column is linked correctly to a statement in the right hand
column?

(5070_w10_qp_11.Q.32) (5070_w10_qp_12.Q.31) (5070_w10_qp_13.Q.31)

(5070_w07_qp_1.Q.34)
42. Four current problems in our atmosphere are listed.
1 acid rain 4 incomplete combustion of carbon
2 depletion of the ozone layer compounds
3 presence of greenhouse gases
Which atmospheric pollutant is responsible for each problem?
W chlorofluorocarbons Y carbon monoxide
X sulfur dioxide Z carbon dioxide

(5070_w09_qp_1.Q.33)
43. Which process takes place during photosynthesis?
A. Carbohydrate is decomposed and oxygen is formed.
B. Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is formed.
C. Oxygen is taken in and carbohydrate is formed.
D. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is formed
(5070_w09_qp_1.Q.34)
44. Which gas can be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol-powered car by its catalytic
converter?
A. carbon monoxide B. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen D. steam
(5070_w08_qp_1.Q.9)
45. Information about the gases present in the atmospheres of four planets is given below. Which
planet’s atmosphere contains the four elements found in all proteins?

(5070_w08_qp_1.Q.35)
46. Why are catalytic converters fitted to car exhausts?
A. to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide emitted
B. to decrease the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted
C. to improve energy conservation
D. to reduce global warming
(5070_w07_qp_1.Q.33)
47. On combustion, which fuel never produces pollutants?
A. diesel B. hydrogen C. methane D. petrol
(5070_w06_qp_1.Q.14)
48. Vegetable matter is biodegradable. Which gas is released into the atmosphere when vegetable
matter biodegrades?
A. carbon monoxide B. methane C. nitrogen dioxide D. sulphur dioxide
(5070_w06_qp_1.Q.33)
49. To reduce atmospheric pollution, the waste gases from a coal-burning power station are passed
through powdered calcium carbonate. Which waste gas will not be removed by the powdered
calcium carbonate?
A. carbon monoxide, CO C. phosphorus(V) oxide, P2O5
B. nitrogen dioxide, NO2 D. sulphur dioxide, SO2
(5070_w06_qp_1.Q.34 )
50. Which pollutant increases the growth of algae in rivers and streams?
A. chlorine B. heavy metal ions C. nitrate ions D. sulphur dioxide
(5070_w05_qp_1.Q.21 )
51. Which statements about the pollutant carbon monoxide are correct?
1 It is a colourless, odourless gas.
2 It is formed by incomplete combustion of natural gas.
3 It reacts with haemoglobin in the blood.
A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
(5070_w05_qp_1.Q.30)
52. Which gas is not produced when hydrocarbons are burnt in the internal combustion engine?
A. carbon dioxide C. hydrogen
B. carbon monoxide D. nitrogen oxides
(5070_w05_qp_1.Q.31)
53. Methane, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are gases which affect the atmosphere and the
environment. In what way do these gases affect the environment?

(5070_w03_qp_1.Q.33)
54. Which step in the diagram shows the process of photosynthesis?

(5070_w02_qp_1.Q.15)
55. Which of the following gases cannot be removed from the exhaust gases of a petrol powered
car by its catalytic converter?
A. carbon dioxide C. hydrocarbons
B. carbon monoxide D. nitrogen dioxide
(5070_w02_qp_1.Q.29)
3
56. A 100 cm sample of bottled gas used for diving was placed in a gas syringe in the apparatus
shown.

The gas was passed backward and forward over heated copper turnings. The results
obtained were used to plot the graph.

What is the percentage of oxygen in the bottled gas?

A. 20% B. 30% C. 70% D. 80%
(5070_w02_qp_1.Q.30)
57. Nitrates from fertilisers used on farmland can cause pollution. Why do nitrates pollute rivers?
A. Nitrates are salts. C. Nitrates contain oxygen.
B. Nitrates are very soluble in water. D. Nitrate ions are negatively charged.
(5070_w02_qp_1.Q.32)