HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Prior events
-​ These events vitalized the unity of the Filipino People and brought "thirst" for
independence. The Cry of the Rebellion in Pugad Lawin, marked the start of the
Philippine Revolution in 1896 which eventually led to the Philippine Declaration of
Independence in 1898.

●​ CAVITE MUTINY

➔​ The first event that sparked the revolution was on January 20, 1892,
merong 200 filipino soldiers na nagrebel against Governor General
Rafael de Izquierdo sa may Fort San Felipe, Cavite. Ang dahilan daw
ng rebellion is because Izquierdo removed benefits like tax exemptions
and forced labor privileges, which of course angered the workers.

➔​ So now the Spanish Government used this mutiny as an ‘excuse’ to

accuse and execute three filipino priests, and yun ay sila Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (Gomburza) for supposedly
being involved daw. And their deaths became a symbol of the Filipinos
fight for justice and freedom

●​ MARTYRDOM OF THE GOMBURZA

➔​ The 2nd event is also one of the most tragic but inspiring moments in
Philippine history, it is the Martyrdom of Gomburza or the execution of
the three Filipino priests, as from what ive said earlier, na akusahan sila
na sila daw ang naglead sa Cavite Mutiny but the real reason is that they
want to suppress those filipino priests who wanted independence from
Spanish friars.

●​ PROPAGANDA MOVEMENTS AND OTHER PEACEFUL CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS

➔​ Now for the 3rd event, for over 300 years, filipinos suffered under the
spaniards, be it forced labor, heavy taxes and lack of education. In
response, a movement for peaceful reforms began, known as the
Propaganda Movement. From 1880 to 1896, filipino illustrados used
writings and speeches to demand political and social reforms. Humihingi
sila ng equal rights, justice and education for Filipinos.

➔​ Isa sa mga sikat na illustrados noon ay si Jose Rizal, who wrote Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo which exposes spanish abuses and
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, na
nagsama sama para ma-unite ang mga filipinos through journalism and
advocacy. However, their peaceful efforts failed.
 ●​ JOSE P. RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN

➔​ For the 5th event, due to Jose Rizal’s growing influence and nationalist
ideas it made the spaniards uneasy. Noong July 3, 1892, he founded La
Liga Filipina, a peaceful organization that aimed to unite filipinos and
push for reforms. However, just 4 days later, he was arrested by Spanish
authorities due to several charges, isa na dito yung pag pupublish niya
ng books and articles critical of spanish friars, possessing Pobres
Frailes, a pamphlet or small booklet that contains opposes against
spanish rule, dedication el filibusterismo to Gomburza and calling for
Philippine independence, and lastly criticizing religion and advocating its
separation from filipino culture. Now because of these charges ay
ipinatapon si Rizal sa Dapitan in Mindanao.

●​ FOUNDATION AND DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN

.
➔​ When Jose Rizal was exiled in Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio and his
colleagues realized that the advocacy of Jose Rizal to gain independence
through his propaganda movement will no longer work to gain freedom
from the spaniards

➔​ So with the initiative of Bonifacio and his colleagues they established a

philippine revolutionary organization, the KKK

➔​ There a lot of different versions in the history on how the organization was
discovered by the spaniards, may ibang nagsasabi na may spy daw sa
loob ng organization, the other version is from Theodoro Patino was in a
secret relationship daw with a katipunan member and because of his fear
na mapahamak yung karelation niya, naging way niya at para
maprotektahan yun sa revolution is to tell it to the Spaniards.

➔​ There’s also another version from the diary of Mariano Alvarez, the
president of magdiwang group ng katipunan, but actually walang naging
patunay kung alin sa mga versions na yun ang masasabing totoo or most
accurate.

➔​ However, the time when the Spaniards already knew about the katipunan.
Yung ginawa nila is to make a movement, pinaghuhuli nila yung mga
akala nilang members ng katipunan, pinapatay nila lahat.

➔​ So when Bonifacio learned about this he decided to call a meeting

together with the other katipunan officials, he told them na kailangan na
 nilang simulan ang revolution bago pa nila maubos ang mga katipunan
members.

➔​ Most of the officials disagreed sa statement ni Bonifacio dahil masyado

pa daw maaga, gayunpaman during that day of meeting bonifacio still
declared na sisimulan na nila ang revolution

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
PIO VALENZUELA
-​ The Cry of Pugad Lawin is one of the most debated events in Philippine history.
But the question is did it really happen in Pugad Lawin, or was it in Balintawak?
The only eyewitness to confirm Pugad Lawin was Dr. Pio Valenzuela, but even
his accounts changed over time
-​ So after magsimula ang revolution, si Pio Valenzuela ay sumuko kay Governor
General Ramon Blanco noong September 3, 1896, hoping to receive amnesty
or an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.
-​ So diba nung nakakulong siya sa may Fort Santiago, sinabi niya kay Spanish
Investigator Francisco Olive that the Cry happened on August 26, 1896, in
Balintawak. Nung sinabi niya yung statement na ito is nung fresh pa ang mga
nangyari sa memory niya, especially after he fled to Binan, Laguna for safety
-​ Pero, later in his fading memories he wrote the memoirs of the revolution,
Valenzuela gave the second version, saying that the real Cry happened on
August 23, 1896
➔​ August 19, 1896 – Bonifacio, Jacinto, and others sought refuge in
Balintawak.​

➔​ August 20, 1896 – Valenzuela joined them there.​

➔​ August 22, 1896 – 500 Katipuneros met at Apolonio Samson’s house

in Kangkong, but no final decisions were made.​

➔​ August 23, 1896 – Over 1,000 Katipuneros gathered at Juan Ramos’

house in Pugad Lawin to discuss whether to start the revolution on
August 29, 1896. After heated debates, most of them tore their cedulas
and shouted, ‘Long live the Philippines!’
-​ The Cry of Pugad Lawin remains controversial. While Valenzuela’s earlier
statements pointed to Balintawak, his later memoirs identified Pugad Lawin. Despite
this debate, one thing is clear—the event marked the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution and the Filipinos' fight for freedom

GUILLERMO MASANGKAY 2ND PART

 -​ Sensing that he was losing the discussion, Bonifacio left the hall and turned to the
crowd of Katipuneros waiting outside.
-​ With passion and urgency, he addressed them:

- ‘You remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan. Should we
return now to the towns, the Spaniards will only shoot us. Our organization has been
discovered, and we are all marked men. If we don’t start the uprising, the Spaniards will
get us anyway. What then, do you say?’

- The crowd answered in one voice—‘Revolt!’

- Bonifacio then called for a pledge from the people, telling them that the cedula tax was a
symbol of their slavery under Spain. He declared:

‘If you are truly ready to revolt, I want to see you destroy your cedulas. It will be a
sign that we have broken away from the Spaniards!’

-​ With that, the Katipuneros ripped their cedulas and shouted, ‘Long live the
Philippines!’