MPESB G2 Subgroup 4 - Computer Master Notes
1. Computer Fundamentals
CPU = Central Processing Unit (Brain of Computer).
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam.
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector.
Hardware = Physical parts of computer.
Software = Programs that run on computer.
System Software: Windows, Linux, Android.
Application Software: MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Chrome.
2. Internet, Networking & Protocols
WWW = World Wide Web.
URL = Uniform Resource Locator.
HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS = Secure version of HTTP.
FTP = File Transfer Protocol.
SMTP = Send Email.
POP = Receive Email.
LAN = Local Area Network.
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network.
WAN = Wide Area Network.
PAN = Personal Area Network.
Router routes data between networks.
Repeater strengthens weak signals.
Modem connects a network to the Internet.
Largest network in the world = Internet.
3. MS Office
MS Word: Documents (.docx).
MS Excel: Spreadsheets (.xlsx).
MS PowerPoint: Presentations (.pptx).
MS Access: Database management.
Excel Functions:
SUM() = Addition
AVERAGE() = Average
MAX() = Largest value
MIN() = Smallest value
COUNT() = Count numbers
4. Keyboard Shortcuts & Function Keys
Ctrl+C Copy
Ctrl+V Paste
Ctrl+X Cut
Ctrl+Z Undo
Ctrl+Y Redo
Ctrl+A Select All
Ctrl+S Save
Ctrl+P Print
Ctrl+N New File
Ctrl+O Open File
Ctrl+F Find
F1 Help
F2 Rename
F3 Search
F5 Refresh
F7 Spell Check
F11 Full Screen
5. Cyber Security
Malware = Malicious Software.
Virus infects files.
Worm spreads automatically through networks.
Trojan disguises itself as useful software.
Spyware steals information.
Ransomware locks files and demands money.
Firewall provides network security.
Phishing steals passwords, bank details and OTPs.
OTP = One Time Password.
Antivirus Examples: Quick Heal, Norton, McAfee.
6. Computer History & Generations
Father of Computer = Charles Babbage.
Father of Computer Science = Alan Turing.
Inventor of WWW = Tim Berners-Lee.
Developer of C Language = Dennis Ritchie.
Java = Sun Microsystems.
Android is based on Linux.
1st Generation = Vacuum Tubes.
2nd Generation = Transistors.
3rd Generation = Integrated Circuits (ICs).
4th Generation = Microprocessors.
5th Generation = Artificial Intelligence.
7. Memory, Storage & Hardware
RAM = Volatile Memory.
ROM = Non-Volatile Memory.
Cache = Fastest Memory.
SSD = Solid State Drive.
HDD = Hard Disk Drive.
1 KB = 1024 Bytes
1 MB = 1024 KB
1 GB = 1024 MB
1 TB = 1024 GB
Capacity order: Blu-ray > DVD > CD.
8. Most Important One-Liners
Brain of Computer = CPU.
Fastest Memory = Cache.
Largest Network = Internet.
SMTP = Send Mail.
POP = Receive Mail.
FTP = Transfer Files.
Firewall = Network Security.
Android = Linux Based.
Java = Sun Microsystems.
WWW = Tim Berners-Lee.
RAM = Volatile.
ROM = Permanent Memory.