UG/CBCS/[Link]./Hons./2nd Sem.

/Mathematics/MATHGE2/2019

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL

[Link]. Honours 2nd Semester Examination, 2019

GE-MATHEMATICS
Time Allotted: 2 Hours Full Marks: 60
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates should answer in their own words and adhere to the word limit as practicable.
All symbols are of usual significance.

The question paper contains GE-I, GE-II, GE-III, GE-IV & GE-V.
The candidates are required to answer any one from the five courses.
Candidates should mention it clearly on the Answer Book.

GE-I
GROUP-A
1. Answer any four questions from the following: 3×4 = 12

x2 y2 z 2
(a) Find the equation of the generators of the hyperboloid + − = 1 passing
a2 b2 c2
through the points (a cos α , b sin α , 0) .
(b) If by a rotation of rectangular axes about the origin, the expression
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 changes to Ax 2 + 2 Hxy + By 2 = 0 , then prove that
a + b = A + B , ab − h 2 = AB − H 2 .
(c) Obtain the singular solution of the equation y = px + 1 + p2 , where p = dy .
dx
(d) Solve the equation
( xy sin xy + cos xy) ydx + ( xy sin xy − cos xy) xdy = 0

(e) Evaluate lim 1 ( 1 + x − 1 − x )

x →0 x
π 2
n −1
∫ sin
n
(f) If I n = x dx , where n is a positive integer, prove that I n = In−2 ,
0
n
(n > 2) .

GROUP-B
2. Answer any four questions from the following: 6×4 = 24

(a) The plane x + y + z = 1 meets the co-ordinate axes at A, B, C. Find the equation
a b c
of the cone generated by the straight line drawn from O to meet the circle ABC.

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(b) Show that the area enclosed by the curve in which the plane z = h cuts the
x2 y2 z 2 π a b (c 2 − h 2 )
ellipsoid 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 is .
a b c c2
(c) For I n = ∫ cos x dx , using reduction formula, prove that
n

cos n −1 x sin x n − 1
cos n − 2 x dx . Hence find ∫ cos5 x dx .
n ∫
In = +
n
(d) Find the asymptotes of the cubic x 3 − 2 y 3 + xy(2 x − y ) + y ( x − y ) + 1 = 0 .
(e) Find the locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular generators of the
x2 y2
hyperbolic paraboloid 2 − 2 = 2 z .
a b
−1
(f) If y = sin x , | x | < 1 , show that (1 − x 2 ) yn + 2 − (2n + 3) x yn +1 − (n + 1) 2 yn = 0 .
1 − x2

GROUP-C
3. Answer any two questions from the following: 12×2 = 24
(a) (i) Solve and examine the singular
solution of the equation 6+6
dy
8a (1 + p)3 = 27( x + y ) (1 − p)3 , where p = .
dx
dy y y
(ii) Solve + log y = 2 (log y ) 2 .
dx x x
π 2
m −1 m −1
∫ sin
m
(b) (i) If I m, n = x cos n x dx . Show that I m, n = I m, n − 2 = I m − 2, n . 6+4+2
0
m+n m+n
(ii) Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the cycloid
x = a (θ + sin θ ) , y = a (1 + cos θ ) about its base.
(iii) Determine the order and degree of the differential equation
2
y + ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = 1 + x .
dy
⎝ dx ⎠
(c) (i) Discuss the nature of the conic 4 x 2 − 4 xy + y 2 + 2 x − 26 y + 9 = 0 and reduce 6+4+2
it to its canonical form.
(ii) Show that the plane y + 6 = 0 intersects the hyperbolic paraboloid
x2 y2
− = 6 z in a parabola.
5 4
l
(iii) Find the point on the conic = 1− cos θ which has the smallest radius
r
vector.
(d) (i) Solve the equation ( y 2 e x + 2 xy) dx − x 2 dy = 0 . 6+6
(ii) Show that the sum of the reciprocals of two perpendicular focal chords of a
conic is constant.

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GE-II
ALGEBRA
GROUP-A
1. Answer any four questions from the following: 3×4 = 12
3
(a) Show that the product of all values of (1 + i 3 ) 4
is 8.
(b) If a, b, c be positive real numbers and abc = k 3 , prove that

(1 + a ) (1 + b) (1 + c) ≥ (1 + k )3
⎛3 5 7⎞
⎜ ⎟
(c) Find the rank of the matrix ⎜ 2 1 3 ⎟
⎜1 4 4⎟
⎝ ⎠
(d) If α be a multiple root of order 3 of the equation x 4 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 (d ≠ 0)
− 8d
show that α = .
3c

(e) Show that the mapping f : ℝ – {3}⟶ℝ – {1} defined by f ( x) = x − 2 is bijective.

x −3
(f) Find the eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of the following
⎛2 0 0⎞
⎜ ⎟
matrix ⎜ 0 1 1⎟
⎜0 0 3 ⎟⎠
⎝

GROUP-B
2. Answer any four questions from the following: 6×4 = 24
(a) Solve the equation x4 − 4x3 − 4x2 − 4x − 5 = 0 given that two roots α, β are 6
connected by the relation 2α + β = 3 .
(b) If log sin(θ + iφ ) = α + iβ , then prove that 2 cos 2θ = e 2φ + e −2φ − 4e 2α and 6
2φ
cos(θ − β ) = e cos(θ + β ) .
(c) If p and p 2 + 8 are both prime numbers then prove that p = 3 . 6
(d) If ℤ* be the set of all non-negative integers and f : ℤ* ⟶ ℤ is defined by 6
x
f ( x) = , x is an even integer
2
1− x
= , x is an odd integer
2
Verify whether f is bijective or not.
(e) Determine the linear transformation T : ℝ3⟶ ℝ2 which maps the basis vector 2+2+2=6
(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1) of ℝ3 to the vectors (1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2) respectively.
(i) Find ker T and Im T .

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(ii) Prove that T is not one to one but onto.

(f) For what values of k and m the following system of equations 2+2+2 = 6
x1 + 4 x 2 + 2 x 3 = 1

2 x1 + 7 x2 + 5 x3 = 2k
4 x1 + mx2 + 10 x3 = 2k + 1
has (i) a unique solution (ii) no solution (iii) infinitely many solution over the
field of rational numbers.

GROUP-C
3. Answer any two questions from the following: 12×2 = 24

(a) (i) Apply Descarte’s Rule of signs to ascertain the minimum number of 3+5+4
complex roots of the equation x 6 − 3 x 2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 .
(ii) Solve x3 − 24 x + 72 = 0 by Cardan's method.
(iii) If a1 , a2 , a3 , K , an are unequal positive real number in Arithmetic
1 1 1 1 2n
progression, show that + + + L + >
a1 a2 a3 an a1 + an
(b) (i) Show that S = {( x, y, z ) ∈ ℝ3 ; x + y + z = 0 and 2 x − y + z = 0} is a 6+3+3
subspace of ℝ3. Find the dimension of the subspace.
(ii) If ax ≡ ay (mod m) and gcd (a, m) = 1 , then show that x ≡ y (mod m) .

k 7 k 3 11 k
(iii) Show that + + is an integer where k is an integer.
7 3 21
⎛ x 1 1 1⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 x 1 1⎟ 4+4+4
(c) (i) Find all real x for which the rank of the matrix ⎜ is less than 4.
1 1 x 1⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 1 1 x ⎟⎠
⎝
⎛ 1 1⎞
(ii) Use Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find A50, where A = ⎜ ⎟.
⎝ 0 1⎠
(iii) A relation ρ is defined on ℤ by x ρ y iff x 2 − y 2 is divisible by 5 for
x, y ∈ ℤ, prove that ρ is an equivalence relation on ℤ.

⎛π y ⎞ ⎛ π ix ⎞
(d) (i) If x = log tan⎜ + ⎟ , then prove that y = −i log tan⎜ + ⎟ . 6+3+3
⎝ 4 2⎠ ⎝4 2⎠
(ii) Prove that the product of the eigen values of a square matrix A is det A .
(iii) Use the theory of congruences to prove that 7 | (25n + 3 + 52 n + 3 ) for all n ≥ 1 .

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GE-III
GROUP-A

1. Answer any four questions from the following: 3×4 = 12

(a) State Picard’s existence and uniqueness theorem.
dy 2 x − 3 y + 1
(b) Solve = .
dx 3x + 2 y + 2
1
(c) Evaluate ( x 2e3 x ) .
( D − 1) 2

(d) Find the particular integral of (3D 2 + 2 D − 8) y = 5 cos x .

(e) Find the Wronskian of the set {1 − x, 1 + x, 1 − 3x} .
(f) Find the linear differential equation with real constant coefficients that is satisfied
1
by the function y = 9 − 3x + e5 x .
6

GROUP-B
2. Answer any four questions from the following: 6×4 = 24
r r r r r r r r r
(a) Prove that [a b c ] = [b c a ] = [c a b ] .
r r r r r r r r r
(b) Show that [(α + β ) ( β + γ ) (γ + α )] = 2[α β γ ] .
r r r r r r
p . a p .b p . c
r rr r rr r r r r r r
(c) Show that [ p q r ][a b c ] = q . a q . b q . c .
r r r r r r
r . a r .b r . c
2 r r r r r r r
r d 2r r
(d) Prove that ∫ r × 2 dt = −14i + 75 j − 15k , where r (t ) = 5t 2 i + t j − t 3k .
1
dt
r r
(e) If r1 and r2 are vector functions of a scalar variable t, prove that
r r
d r r r d r2 d r1 r
(r1 × r2 ) = r1 × + × r2 .
dt dt dt
r r r r r r r r r
(f) Show that a × (b × c ) = (a ⋅ c )b − (a ⋅ b )c .

GROUP-C
3. Answer any two questions from the following: 12×2 = 24
d
(a) (i) Solve ( D 3 − D 2 − 6 D) y = (1 + x + x 2 ) e x , where D ≡ . 6+6
dx
dx 2
(ii) Solve + ( x − y) = 1
dt t
dy 1
+ ( x + 5 y) = t .
dt t

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d2y dy ex
(b) (i) Use the method of variation of parameter to solve − 3 + 2 y = . 6+6
dx 2 dx 1+ ex
(ii) Find the general solution of the following equation using the method of
undetermined coefficients:
( D 2 − 4 D + 4) y = x 3e 2 x + xe 2 x
d2y dy
(c) (i) Solve (1 + 2 x) 2 − 6(1 + 2 x) + 16 y = 8(1 + 2 x) 2 . 6+6
dx 2
dx
dy
(ii) If y1 and y2 are two solutions of + Py = Q and y2 = y1 z , then show that
dx
Q
−∫ dx
y1
z = 1 + ae
(d) (i) Define Euler equation for a differential equation. Find the general solution of 6+6
the Euler equation t 2 y′′ − 3ty′ + 7 y = 0 , t > 0
d 2x dx dx
(ii) Solve − 3 + 2 x = 0 , given x = 0 and = 0 when t = 0 .
dt 2
dt dt

GE-IV
GROUP THEORY
GROUP-A
1. Answer any four questions from the following: 3×4 = 12
(a) Show that (6 5 4 3 1 2) is an even permutation while (6 7 5 4 1 2 3) is an 3
odd permutation.
(b) Prove that in a group (G, o) if each element is its own inverse, then the group is 3
abelian.
(c) “Klein’s 4-group is an abelian group”. — Justify. 3
(d) Show that any group of order three is cyclic. 3
(e) Let φ : G → G′ be a Homomorphism. Show that ker φ is a subgroup of G. 3
(f) A cyclic group G has only one generator. Prove that either O(G ) = 1 or O(G ) = 2 . 3

GROUP-B
2. Answer any four questions from the following: 6×4 = 24
(a) State and prove Lagrange’s theorem for a finite group. 1+5=6
(b) Prove that, if G be a group of order p 2 where p is prime, then G is abelian. 6
(c) Prove that two finite cyclic groups of same order are isomorphic. 6
(d) Prove that if H be a subgroup of G then the quotient group G H is cyclic. 6
(e) Prove that the group SL(2, ℝ) is a normal subgroup of the group GL(2, ℝ). Also 2+4=6
the quotient group GL(2, ℝ) / SL(2, ℝ) is isomorphic to the group (ℝ*, ·), the
multiplicative group of all non-zero real numbers.
(f) Find all homomorphism from (ℤ8, +) to (ℤ6, +). 6

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GROUP-C
3. Answer any two questions from the following: 12×2 = 24
(a) (i) Show that if ( H , o) be a subgroup of a group (G, o) . The relation ρ 6+6
−1
defined on G by “ a ρ b ” if and only if “ b o a ∈ H ” for a, b ∈ G is an
equivalence relation.
(ii) Let G be an abelian group of order 6 containing an element of order 3. Prove
that G is a cyclic group.
(b) (i) Prove that if H be a subgroup of a cyclic group G, then the quotient group 6+6
G H is cyclic.
(ii) Prove that a finite cyclic group of order n is isomorphic to (ℤn, +).
(c) (i) Let G = S3 , G′ = {−1, 1} and φ : G → G′ is defined by 2+4
φ (α ) = 1 , if α is an even permutation in S3
= – 1, if α is an odd permutation in S3.
Determine ker φ . Deduce that A3 is normal subgroup of S3.
(ii) Let H be a normal subgroup of a group G. Prove that the quotient group 6
G H is abelian iff x yx −1 y −1 ∈ H ∀x, y ∈ G .
(d) (i) Prove that every permutation on a finite set is either a cycle or it can be 6+6
expressed as a product of disjoint cycles.
(ii) Let (G, o) be a group and a mapping φ : G → G is defined by
φ ( x) = x −1 , x ∈ G . Prove that φ is a homomorphism iff G is commutative.

GE-V
NUMERICAL METHODS
GROUP-A
1. Answer any four questions from the following: 3×4 = 12
(a) What is the geometric representation of the trapezoidal rule for integrating 3
b

∫ f ( x) dx ?
a

(b) State three differences between direct and iterative methods. 3

(c) Define “degree of precession” of a quadrature formula and find the degree of 2+1
precession of Simpson’s 1 rule.
3rd
(d) Prove that Δ∇ = Δ − ∇ where the symbols are in usual rotation. 3
2
5 xy
(e) If u = and errors in x, y, z are 0.001, compute the relative maximum error in 3
z3
u when x = y = z = 1 .
(f) Give the geometrical interpretation of Newton-Raphson method and show when 2+1
this method fails?

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GROUP-B
2. Answer any four questions from the following: 6×4 = 24
(a) Use the method of bisection to compute a real root of x 3 − 4 x − 9 = 0 between 2 6
and 3 and correct upto four significant digits.
(b) What is interpolation? Establish Lagrange’s polynomial interpolation formula. 1+5
(c) Use Gauss-Jacobi method to solve 6
5 x − y + z = 10
2 x + 4 y = 12
x + y + 5 z = −1
correct upto three significant figures.
(d) Explain Euler’s method for solving first order differential equation of the form 5+1
dy
= f ( x, y ) and give its graphical representation.
dx
π 2
(e) Evaluate ∫ cos x dx by Weddle’s rule, correct upto three significant figures, 6
0
taking 6-intervals.
(f) Establish Newton-Cote’s numerical integration formula and derive trapezoidal 4+2
formula from it for a simple division.

GROUP-C
3. Answer any two questions from the following: 12×2 = 24
(a) (i) Find the condition of convergence of the iterative method for computing a 5+4+3
real root of the equation x = φ (x) .
(ii) Explain the Secant method for numerical solution of the equation f ( x) = 0 .
(iii) If f ( x) = x 3 , show that f ( x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ) is a constant.
(b) (i) Compute the values of the unknowns in the system of equations by Gauss- 6+6
Jordan’s matrix inversion method
2 x1 − 3x2 + 4 x3 = 8
x1 + x2 + 4 x3 = 15
3x1 + 4 x2 − x3 = 8
(ii) Use iterative formula to evaluate 7 125 , correct upto four significant figures.
(c) (i) Deduce Newton-Gregory backward interpolation formula with error terms. 5+1
When this formula be used?
(ii) Use Runge-Kutta method of order two to find y (0.1) and y (0.2) correct 3+3
dy
upto four decimal places when given = y − x, y (0) = 2 .
dx
0.7

∫ (e
x
(d) (i) Evaluate + 2 x) dx , by Simpson’s 1 rule, taking h = 0.1 and correct 6+6
3rd
0.1
upto five decimal places.
(ii) Deduce an expression for the remainder in polynomial interpolation of a
function f (x) with nodes x0 , x1 , x2 , L, xn .

——×——

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