MAPS - Introduction
What is a MAP?
2
• It is plane representation of earth surface with definite scale.
• The oldest known world map is “Imago Muno” of 6th centaury B.C. in Babylonia.
• Types of maps:
• Relief maps (Elevation and undulances)
• Climate maps (Season maps, area specific maps)
• Bathymetrical maps (Ocean levels)
• Weather maps (Sunny, cloudy or rainy)
• Vegetation and geological maps
• Cultural maps (Population, linguistic etc)
MAP BASICS
Features of a MAP
3
1. Map body
4 2
6 2
2. North arrow INDIA
3. Scale bar
1
4. Title bar
5. Legend
3 5
6. Co-ordinates and gridlines
7. Map Index
MAP BASICS
SCALE OF A MAP
4
• It is basic requirement for the preparation of plan or map.
• Scale is used to represent large distances on paper.
• Scale is defined as “the ratio of distance on map to corresponding distance on
ground/earth surface”
• Scale is essentially a ratio or representative factor (RF)
• R.F = Distance of the Object on Drawing
Corresponding actual distance of object on Ground
• Both the distances are in same unit.
MAP BASICS
SCALE
5
• If 1 cm on a map represents a distance of
100 cm on the ground, the scale of the
map is said to be 1 cm = 100 cm or 1:100
or 1/100
• Small scale: small fraction such as
1:1000000 shows only large features
• Large scale: large fraction such as 1:25000
shows great detail for a small area.
MAP BASICS
CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS
6
• Based on scale
MAP BASICS
Map Numbering System
7
• India and adjacent country (IAC)
system.
• Sheets covering India are numbered
from 39-92
• Each sheet is bound by 4º x 4º
representing 1:1million scale
• Ex. Number 53
MAP BASICS
Map Numbering System
8
• India and adjacent country (IAC)
system.
• 4° x 4° is further divided into 16
equal parts of 1° x 1°
• Numbered from A to P
• Scale 1:250000
• Ex. 53 N
• These maps are called as Degree
maps
MAP BASICS
Map Numbering System
9
• India and adjacent country (IAC)
system.
• 1° x 1° is further divided into 16
equal parts of 15’ x 15’
• Numbered from 1 to 16
• Scale 1:50000
• Ex. 53 B/3
• These maps are called as Quarter
Degree maps
MAP BASICS
Map Numbering System
10
• India and adjacent country (IAC)
system.
• 15’ x 15’ is further divided into 4
equal parts of 7.5’ x 7.5’
• Numbered as NE, NW, SE and SW.
• Scale 1:25000
• Ex. 53 O/14/NE
MAP BASICS
?
?
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
11
• It is also called as TOPOSHEET
• “A map characterized by large scale
which shows relief of the area by using
?
contour lines and which also gives
horizontal and vertical distances of both
artificial and natural features”
• Scales available- 1:25000, 1:50000,
1:250000
• Topographic maps are available which ?
? ?
are prepared by the Survey of India. ?
MAP BASICS
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
12
MAP BASICS
FOS Toposheet - NAKSHE
13
• [Link]
• Survey of India offers Indian citizens
(having Aadhar card) free maps in pdf
format.
• These maps are available at the scale of
1:50000
MAP BASICS
14
THANK YOU!
MAP BASICS