Building Systems Design | CE 138
Section II |Building Code Analysis
MODULE 6: MAJOR BUILDING SYSTEMS
Engr. Laurence A. Adviento
Instructor
Overview
Welcome! to the sixth module of this course.
For this lesson, we will be studying what are the major building systems.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, you should be able to:
✓ Identify the major building systems and their components.
Major Building Systems
Two Components:
✓ One component is a floor, flat, horizontal surface on which human
activities can take place.
✓ The other component is a enclosure that extends over the floor and
generally also around it to provide shelter from the weather for human
activities.
Basic Components of a Building : Engineering Discoveries
1. Structural System
MAJOR 2. Systems for Enclosing Buildings
Building 3. Systems for Enclosing Interior
Spaces
Systems 4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilating and Air-
Conditioning
6. Lighting
7. Acoustics
8. Electric Power and Communications
Systems
9. Veritcal Circulation Elements
[Link] Buildings
1. Structural System
MAJOR
Building Component of a structural system
Systems ✓ Superstructure
✓ Substructure
1. Structural System
2. Systems for Enclosing
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing
Interior Spaces
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation
and Air-Conditioning
6. Lighting
Structural System
MAJOR
Building ✓ Superstructure - the portion of a building that
Systems extends above the ground level outside.
1. Structural System ✓ Substructure - the portion below the outside
2. Systems for Enclosing ground level.
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing
Interior Spaces
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation
and Air-Conditioning
6. Lighting
MAJOR
Building
Systems
1. Structural System
2. Systems for Enclosing
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing
Interior Spaces
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation
and Air-Conditioning
6. Lighting
Substructure
MAJOR
Building
Systems
1. Structural System
2. Systems for Enclosing
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing
Interior Spaces
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation
and Air-Conditioning
6. Lighting
a. Continuous Spread Footing - The
footing under a wall.
b. Individual Spread Footing - A
structural member such as a column.
c. Piles - These are slender structural
members that are hammered or
otherwise driven through the weak
soil, often until the tips seat on rock
or a strong layer of soil.
An example of spread footing or isolated footing and
combined footing.
Pile driving is a method used to drive piles into the soil,
to provide foundation support for buildings and
structures.
A shallow foundation is a type of
building foundation that transfers
structural load to the earth very
near to the surface, rather than to a
subsurface layer or a range of
depths. Shallow foundations are
constructed where soil layer at
shallow depth (up to 1.5m) is able
to support the structural loads.
A deep foundation is a type of
foundation which is placed at a
greater depth below the ground
surface and transfers structure
loads to the earth at depth. The
depth to width ratio of such a
foundation is usually greater than 4
to 5.
Structural System
MAJOR
Building ✓ The foundation system must be design to
Systems transmit the loads from the superstructure
structural system directly to the ground in such
1. Structural System manner that a settlement of the completed
2. Systems for Enclosing building as the soil deflects will be within
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing acceptable limits.
Interior Spaces ✓ The superstructure structural system, in turn,
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation should be design to transmit its loads to the
and Air-Conditioning foundation system in the manner anticipated in
6. Lighting the design of foundations.
Structural System
MAJOR
Building ▪ Beam
Systems ✓ the horizontal members are generally known as
beams, they are also called by different names
1. Structural System in specific applications:
2. Systems for Enclosing
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing • Joists are closely spaced to carry light loads.
Interior Spaces • Stringers support stairs.
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation • Headers support structural members around
and Air-Conditioning openings in floors, roofs, and walls.
6. Lighting
Stringer
The stringer is directly connected to a beam.
A load bearing header size is
determined based on factors such as
the span or width of the opening, the
load that will be placed on the
header, the type of construction
material used, and any additional
loads or special conditions that need
to be considered.
• Purlins are placed horizontally to carry level
MAJOR roof decks.
Building • Rafters are placed on an incline to carry
Systems sloping roof decks.
• Girts are light horizontal members that span
1. Structural System between columns to support walls
2. Systems for Enclosing • Lintels are light horizontal beams that will
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing support walls at floor levels in multistory
Interior Spaces buildings or that carry the part of walls above
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation openings for doors and windows.
and Air-Conditioning
6. Lighting
• Girders ma be heavily loaded beams or
MAJOR horizontal members that support other beams
Building (Figure 1.3).
Systems • Spandrels carry exterior walls and support
edges of floors and roofs in multi-story
1. Structural System buildings.
2. Systems for Enclosing • Trusses serve the same purposes as girders but
Buildings
3. Systems for Enclosing consist of slender horizontal, vertical, and
Interior Spaces inclined components with large open spaces
4. Plumbing
5. Heating, Ventilation between them. the spaces are triangular in
and Air-Conditioning shape. Light beams similarly formed are called
6. Lighting open-web joist (Fig. 1.6d).
Industrial Roof Trusses
References
1. F.S. Merritt and J.S. Ricketts, “Building Design and Construction
Handbook,” 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill.
2. F.S. Merritt and J. Ambrose, “Building Engineering and Systems Design,”
2nd Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
End of Module
Structural System
Thank You!