(Please study carefully the following

writing rules, these are the focus of the

examination questions)
Our dissertation is usually divided into two forms, one is essay, and the other is report. The two
are different in form. Essay prefers theoretical discussions, while reports are mostly combined
with cases for theoretical applications. An assignment will make explicit requirements for writing
in essay or report format. Please be as careful as possible when reading the title.

1. Essay:
Essay usually includes four sections, Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion and References.
Introduction includes background introduction to the topic, the purpose of the article, and the
structure of the paper. Generally accounts for about 10% of the total number of words. The main
body is the main body, accounting for about 80% of the total words. If specific requirements are
made in the title, it is sufficient to discuss them one by one according to the aspects mentioned in
the title. Some topics are written without specific requirements. But it requires logic. Conclusion
also accounts for 10%. In this paragraph, the main points of the article are summarized in one or
two sentences. Don't add new perspectives.

Generally speaking, titles of less than 3,000 words cannot be used for headings (except when there
is a special description of the assignment title). In order to ensure the clarity of the structure of the
article, there must be sentences between the passages to make the structure clear and clear. The
structure of the article is very important. , Directly affects the level of the score.

Reference is involved in both essay and report. I will go into detail at the end.

2. Report:

Report usually requires the theory learned in class to be applied to the actual situation, such as
putting the actual situation of a company into a theoretical model for analysis, or using theory to
analyze a case. In short, the focus of the investigation is to combine theory with practice. See if
the students can integrate the theoretical knowledge they have learned.

It usually contains the following sections:

First: Title Page: As the name suggests, write the title of the report on this page

Second: Executive summary

Third: The directory is automatically generated with word. (Comrades who ca n’t, please Baidu
yourself)
Fourth: Introduction, there are three parts to explain: the title background, the purpose of the
paper, and the structure of this article

Fifth: Main Body, the report must use headings, and it is recommended to use not only first-level
headings, but also second-level and third-level headings to clearly divide the report structure.

Sixth: conclusion, almost the same as essay

Seventh: Recommendations. For the problems discussed in the report, give suggestions for solving
the problems. Not every report has to be written, it depends on the topic. If not required, you can
leave it alone.

Eighth: Reference. Reference

Ninth: appendix. That is, the appendix, in general, the calculation process, the graphs generated by
the data analysis process are placed in the appendix.

If there are no special requirements for the topic, write in accordance with these sections, but some
topics will give a prescribed structure. Please write as required.
The following focuses on the writing of Executive Summary, Introduction, Main Body,
Conclusion and Recommendation.

1. Executive Summary， 文章的摘要：

1. Executive Summary:

The word count is 10% of the total number of articles, and it is structurally divided into three
parts:

First, write clearly the purpose of the report (that is why you write this report)

Second, summarize the main content involved in the report, the final conclusion, and note that the
specific content of the article must be summarized, not just the article frame. This is the main
difference from introduction.

Third, summarize the recommendations given in the report

None of the above three items can be omitted. However, please note that the abstract does not
need to explain the background of the topic, and does not need to speak in the opening statement.
The Executive summary is not segmented and is on a separate page.

2. Introduction

The word count is 10% of the total number of articles, and it is structurally divided into three
parts:

First, introduce the background of the article title in 1-2 sentences

Second, summarize the problem that this article wants to solve in one sentence. Just write the
purpose of the article in the abstract in a different way.

Third, summarize the structure of the article.

Introduction Don't segment, write a paragraph.

3. Main Body

3.1 Let's talk about the main body of essay.，

Each paragraph in the Essay Body can only have one argument, and two points will be deducted

Structurally divided into 3 parts:

First, put forward an argument. Write your main argument or idea in 1-2 sentences, and you need
to quote a reference. That is, the argument you put forward is well-founded and not just an idea.

Second, explain the argument and show the reader that your argument makes sense. You need to
quote references, that is, your arguments are well-founded and can support your arguments.

Third, Examples: Examples support your arguments. Examples are important in the article. For
example, you can use what celebrities say, examples in professional articles, (citing references) or
personal experience (no references).
3.2 Then the main body of the report,

Report requires theory to be combined with reality, so the paragraph structure of the main body is
divided into two parts:

First, introduce the definition of theory and quote academic reference (for the meaning of
academic reference, please refer to the explanation of the last reference)

Second, combine theory to analyze the actual situation of the company, and quote non academic
reference (for the meaning of non academic reference, see the explanation in the last reference
section)

4. Conclusion

The word count is 10% of the total number of articles. Conclusion is mainly to summarize the
arguments in your article. It starts with the words In conclusion, In summary, etc. The structure is
divided into the following two parts:

First, summarize each argument in one sentence

Second, to extend it, put forward some ideas of the author, but do not use the first person, you can
use In the writer ’s opinion and so on.

Conclusion Don't break down, write a paragraph.

5. Recommendation （If the title does not require, you can not write）

Only report will involve recommendation, and propose corresponding solutions and improvement
suggestions for the issues discussed in the article.

To write in sections, each suggestion, and label or use words such as firstly, secondly so that the
teacher can easily see what each suggestion is. It's best to cite references to prove that our
suggestions are well-founded and workable, not imaginary.
其他写作注意事项：

Other writing notes:

 Abbreviations are prohibited in the article, for example: ca n’t, do n’t, did n’t, would n’t should
be written as cannot, do not, did not, would not.
 One line between each paragraph, without spaces in the first sentence
 Avoid using spoken words and expressions, such as: a little bit, well… I will talk about….
 Avoid using words that are too outdated, but use words professionally
 Do not set clauses. If the sentence is too long, change it to a short sentence, so that the meaning
is more clear.
 Do not use questions at the beginning of an article or paragraph.
 The number of words in the article is controlled within the specified number of words, not more
or less than 10% of the specified number of words
 Examples are important, but they must be consistent with the argument
 The use of first-person or second-person in Essay is prohibited, and the objectivity of the
argument is maintained.
 Fonts: There are three commonly used fonts, Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, which are
subject to the assignment. When there is no specific requirement, times new roman can be used.
 Commonly used font size: P.4, line spacing: 1.5 times. If there are other font size and line
spacing requirements in the job, the job requirements shall prevail. Please adjust these formats
before writing to avoid unintended situations after the writing.
 Segment-to-segment line. Each paragraph does not require two blank spaces as in Chinese
writing, but is written directly on top of the grid.
There is the reference

Reference is what teachers value most, so please pay attention. The meaning of reference is a
reference, which is divided into an in-text reference and a reference list at the end of the text.
When writing a dissertation, both types of references must appear, that is, after completing the in-
text reference, you also need to make a final reference list. All references that are cited must be
listed in the reference list at the end of the text, and have corresponding in-text references. Articles
that are not cited in the end-of-text list must not appear in the end-of-text list. The documents cited
in the end-of-text must appear in the end-of-text reference list. A reference in the end list can be
referenced in multiple places in the text.。

1、 No matter how much space is left at the end of the text, the Reference list must be
written on a separate page
2、 The order of References should be in alphabetical order of the author's last name (note,
not first name). Reference does not need a label. After the foreigner's last name comes,
please pay attention to distinguish between first and last names
3、 References are divided into direct references and indirect references:

Direct quotation refers to the quote in the article or book. The number of copied original
text cannot exceed 15 words. Please mark (year, page number) after the author who
appears. If no author appears, it is marked with (author's last name, year, page number)
after the quoted sentence. Quoted words are enclosed in single quotes:

For example: Blunt (2012, p.23) stated that ‘this is a good guide’.
‘This is a good guide’ (Blunt, 2012, p. 23)

Indirect citation refers to the paraphrase in the article or book, and then rephrases it in
your own words. The method of labeling in the text is similar to direct citation. It should
be noted that if a point of view is cited, the specific page number is not required. If the
point of view of a certain page is referenced, the page number is required.

Unless the title clearly requires direct quotation, that is, the word quote appears in the
request, it can only be quoted indirectly, that is, paraphrase, because each assignment
will be checked and the similarity rate of more than 15% is considered plagiarism.
Extremely high.
e.g： Blunt (2012, p.23) stated that‘this is a good guide’.
‘This is a good guide’ (Blunt, 2012, p.23)

Indirect citation refers to the paraphrase in the article or book, and then rephrases it in
your own words. The method of labeling in the text is similar to direct citation. It should
be noted that if a point of view is cited, the specific page number is not required. If the
 point of view of a certain page is referenced, the page number is required.。

Unless the title clearly requires direct quotation,

that is, the word quote appears in the request, it
can only be quoted indirectly, that is, paraphrase,
because each assignment will be checked and the
similarity rate of more than 15% is considered
plagiarism. Extremely high.

Here, let me clarify the definition of plagiarism:

When writing assignments, all English materials, including English periodicals and literature,
English websites, English books, courseware provided by customers, in short, all English
materials cannot be copied directly. When quoting, you must thoroughly convert them into your
own words and write them. Good literature labeling, it must be thorough, only two or three words
or sentence patterns can be detected, and the citation rate cannot exceed 15% of the full text
Every job abroad will be tested by a special testing system. The information we can find is
contained in its database, so there must be no chance of plagiarism. It must not be copied. Once
found, deduct the full draft fee and immediately terminate the cooperation.

Reference format:

There are two commonly used ref formats, Harvard referencing system and APA referencing. For
specific referencing methods, there are related documents in the training materials, which need to
be studied carefully. The test questions will be focused on inspection.

Number of References:
Generally speaking, a 1,000-word article requires at least 6 references, and 2000-word articles
need about 12-15. Because domestic English publications are limited, you can go to Google
Scholar or the client school library (I will provide the account password) Find related literature.

Reference types:
Reference is divided into academic reference and non academic reference.

Academic reference refers to academic references such as book, journal article, and focuses on
academic theory. Essay usually only uses academic references.
Non academic reference refers to non-academic references such as the company's official website,
annual reports, news newspapers, industry reports, government websites, etc. Such documents are
usually used in reports. For example, reports will require a combination of theory to analyze the
actual situation of a company. When looking up company-related information, non-academic
references are needed, because academic references focus on theory, and there is rarely specific
information related to a company.

Summary: When referencing the theoretical definition, use academic reference, and when
referencing company specific information, use non-academic reference.

Reference year:
For book-type references, the year is not required. It can be an ancient classic or a modern
revision.

For journal article type references, the year must be used for nearly 5 years, because only the latest
journal literature has reference value, and ancient journal literature will be outdated and have no
reference value.

For non-academic references such as websites, it also takes nearly 5 years, for the same reasons as
above