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RCC Notes

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urogenital cancer with a high mortality rate, particularly affecting men, and is associated with risk factors like obesity and smoking. Diagnosis typically involves CT and MRI imaging, with clear cell carcinoma being the most prevalent subtype linked to VHL gene mutations. Treatment varies by disease stage and includes surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and mTOR inhibitors, with specific guidelines for advanced/metastatic cases.

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6 views5 pages

RCC Notes

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urogenital cancer with a high mortality rate, particularly affecting men, and is associated with risk factors like obesity and smoking. Diagnosis typically involves CT and MRI imaging, with clear cell carcinoma being the most prevalent subtype linked to VHL gene mutations. Treatment varies by disease stage and includes surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and mTOR inhibitors, with specific guidelines for advanced/metastatic cases.

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cool wings
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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Article details

Title - Renal cell carcinoma: an overview of the


epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Author - Sara Bahadoram
Year – 2022

Introduction
Common type of urogenital cancer
Mortality rate- 30-40%
Common in men
Risk factors – obesity, hypertension, smoking and
chronic kidney disease
Diagnosis used -CT and MRI imaging
Most common type- clear cell carcinoma occurs due to
mutations in VHL (von Hippel–Lindau) gene.
Five-year survival is 76%, but this declines from 93% for
localized disease to 14% with distant/metastatic RCC

Article details
Title -Renal cell carcinoma: histological classification
and correlation with imaging findings
Author – Valdir F Muglia
Year- 2015

Histological Types
Classified based on microscopic features and
molecular characteristics
Clear cell RCC- 75
PAPILLARY RCC -10
CHROMOPHOBE RCC-5
Cystic solid-1-4
Collecting ducts-1
Medullary-1
Xp 11 translocation
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell
Associated with neuroblastoma
Non-classified-4-6

Article details
Title: A systematic review to summarize treatment
patterns, guidelines, and characteristics of patients
with renal cell carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Tsz Him So et al.
Year: 2023

Treatment guidelines
Advanced/metastatic Rcc

Treatment Guidelines
Treatment depends on disease stage, Rcc subtype and
patient conditions
Surgery – Stage 1 to 3

Used mainly in localized RCC.


Types

 Partial nephrectomy
 Radical nephrectomy
Associated with recurrence and wide range reported
relapse
2. Targeted Therapy

Used especially in advanced/metastatic RCC.


Common drugs

 Sunitinib
 Axitinib
These are called:
 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)

3. Immunotherapy

Helps immune system fight cancer.


Common drugs

 Pembrolizumab
 Nivolumab

4. mTOR Inhibitors

Another treatment category used in RCC.


Common drug

 Everolimus
5. Chemotherapy has limited use in RCC due to poor
response rate

6. Advanced/Metastatic RCC
First-line Treatment

Common first-line therapies include:


 Immunotherapy
 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
 VEGF-targeted therapies
Treatment depends on:
 RCC subtype
 Patient risk profile
Second-line Treatment

Second-line treatment may be required if:


 disease progresses
 first-line therapy is ineffective
Common second-line options include:
 Axitinib
 Everolimus

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