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Tutorial 3

The document presents a tutorial on Fourier series problems, covering transformations, symmetry properties, sampling, mean-squared error convergence, and the transition from Fourier series to Fourier transform. It includes specific problems requiring derivation of Fourier series coefficients, analysis of symmetry effects on coefficients, and implications of signal modulation. Additionally, it discusses the convergence of Fourier series approximations and the relationship between periodic and aperiodic signals in the context of Fourier transforms.

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4 views3 pages

Tutorial 3

The document presents a tutorial on Fourier series problems, covering transformations, symmetry properties, sampling, mean-squared error convergence, and the transition from Fourier series to Fourier transform. It includes specific problems requiring derivation of Fourier series coefficients, analysis of symmetry effects on coefficients, and implications of signal modulation. Additionally, it discusses the convergence of Fourier series approximations and the relationship between periodic and aperiodic signals in the context of Fourier transforms.

Uploaded by

ee25d005
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial-3 Fourier Series Problems

Problem 1: Fourier Series Transformations


Let x(t) be a periodic signal with period T and exponential Fourier series coefficients ak , i.e.,
∞
X 2π
x(t) = ak ejkω0 t , ω0 = .
k=−∞
T
Using only the Fourier series analysis/synthesis equations and without directly evaluating
integrals, derive the Fourier series coefficients of the following signals in terms of ak :

1. x(t − t0 )
2. x(−t)
3. x∗ (t)
4. x(t − t0 ) + x(t + t0 )

Problem 2: Symmetry Properties of Fourier Series


Let x(t) be a real-valued periodic signal with period T .

1. Show that if
x(t) = x(−t),
then the Fourier series expansion of x(t) contains no sine terms.
2. Show that if
x(t) = −x(−t),
then the Fourier series expansion of x(t) contains no cosine terms. What can you
conclude about the DC coefficient?
3. Suppose a complex-valued periodic signal satisfies
x(t) = x∗ (−t).
Determine the corresponding property satisfied by the exponential Fourier series coef-
ficients.

1
4. Suppose a complex-valued signal satisfies

x(t) = x(−t).

Do the Fourier coefficients possess any special symmetry?

Problem 3: Sampling
A lowpass signal s(t) is bandlimited to |ω| < ω1 . It is multiplied by a cosine carrier:

r(t) = s(t) cos(ω0 t), ω0 > ω1 .


Answer the following conceptually:

1. Explain why multiplication by a cosine shifts the spectrum.

2. Sketch qualitatively how the spectrum changes after modulation.

3. Why is the condition ω0 > ω1 important?

4. What would happen if ω0 < ω1 ?

Problem 4: Mean-Squared Error Convergence


Let the Fourier series coefficients of a periodic signal x(t) be {ak } and define the finite
approximation
n
X
Sn (t) = ak ejkω0 t .
k=−n

Assume that x(t) has finite average power.


Show that

1 T
Z
lim |x(t) − Sn (t)|2 dt = 0.
n→∞ T 0

Interpret the above result physically in the context of Fourier series approximation.

2
Problem 5: From Fourier Series to Fourier Transform
Let x(t) be an aperiodic finite-energy signal and define its periodic extension
∞  
X t − kT
xT (t) = rect x(t − kT ).
k=−∞
T

The Fourier series coefficients of xT (t) are


Z
1 2π
cn = xT (t)e−jnω0 t dt, ω0 = .
T T T

1. Explain what happens to the spacing between harmonics as T → ∞.

2. Define
X(ω) = lim T cn , ω = nω0 .
T →∞

3. Show formally that Z ∞


1
x(t) = X(ω)ejωt dω.
2π −∞

4. Explain how the Fourier transform emerges naturally from the Fourier series represen-
tation.

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