Here's a beginner-friendly guide to Basic C++ Programming.
Basic C++ Programming
What is C++?
C++ is a powerful programming language used for:
Software development
Game development
Operating systems
Embedded systems
Robotics
Competitive programming
1. Your First C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello, World!";
return 0;
}
Output
Hello, World!
Explanation
Code Meaning
#include <iostream> Allows input and output
using namespace std; Lets us use standard library names
int main() Main function where execution starts
cout Prints output
return 0; Ends the program successfully
2. Variables
Variables store data.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age = 21;
float grade = 95.5;
char section = 'A';
string name = "Chris";
cout << name << endl;
cout << age << endl;
return 0;
}
Common Data Types
Type Example
int 10
float 3.14
double 3.141592
char 'A'
bool true
string "Hello"
3. User Input
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string name;
cout << "Enter your name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Hello " << name;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter your name: Chris
Hello Chris
4. Arithmetic Operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
cout << a + b << endl;
cout << a - b << endl;
cout << a * b << endl;
cout << a / b << endl;
return 0;
}
Operators
Operator Meaning
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
5. If Statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age;
cout << "Enter age: ";
cin >> age;
if (age >= 18) {
cout << "Adult";
}
return 0;
}
6. If-Else
if (age >= 18) {
cout << "Adult";
}
else {
cout << "Minor";
}
7. Switch Statement
int day;
cout << "Enter day number: ";
cin >> day;
switch(day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday";
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday";
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid";
}
8. Loops
For Loop
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
cout << i << endl;
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
While Loop
int i = 1;
while(i <= 5) {
cout << i << endl;
i++;
}
Do-While Loop
int i = 1;
do {
cout << i << endl;
i++;
} while(i <= 5);
9. Arrays
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[5] = {10,20,30,40,50};
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
cout << numbers[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
10. Functions
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int main() {
int result = add(5, 3);
cout << result;
return 0;
}
Output:
11. Strings
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string name = "Christopher";
cout << [Link]();
return 0;
}
12. Basic OOP (Classes)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
string name;
int age;
void display() {
cout << name << endl;
cout << age << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student s1;
[Link] = "Chris";
[Link] = 21;
[Link]();
return 0;
}
Mini Project: Simple Calculator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double num1, num2;
char op;
cout << "Enter first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter operator (+,-,*,/): ";
cin >> op;
cout << "Enter second number: ";
cin >> num2;
switch(op) {
case '+':
cout << num1 + num2;
break;
case '-':
cout << num1 - num2;
break;
case '*':
cout << num1 * num2;
break;
case '/':
cout << num1 / num2;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid operator";
}
return 0;
}
Recommended Next Topics
1. Pointers
2. References
3. Vectors (vector)
4. File Handling
5. Structures (struct)
6. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
7. Templates
8. STL (Standard Template Library)
9. Data Structures and Algorithms
10. Competitive Programming
Since you're interested in programming and cybersecurity, after learning these basics, focus on:
C++ OOP
Memory management
Pointers and references
Data structures
File handling
Networking basics
These topics are especially useful for CTFs, malware analysis, reverse engineering, and systems
programming.