44 Vector Analysis
EXERCISE-I
1. fa= i+3j-2k and b=4i-2j +4k find a. b. Ans, - 10.
2. Find the unit vectors perpendicular to each of the vectors
(i) i+j+2k, 2i +3j +k Ans.
a(Si +3j +k)
(i) 4i -j+3k,2i+j2k.
(iii) 2i +3j -k, 3i -2j +k
Ans.-(i-2j2k) /3
[R. U. 1978]
3. Find the vector product of the following pairs of vectors and the angle
between them.
(1) 4i-5j + k and i+2j+ 3k Ans. 13i +j+ k), sinl 13/14
(ii) 3i +j+ 2k, 2i +3j-k Ans. -5i + 7j + 11k. sin-1 V195/14
4. (i) Show that the vectors a = 9i + j- 6k and b
= 4i- 6j + 5k are at right angles to one
another, where i, j, k are unit vectors along x, yand z axes
respectively. (D. U. 1967|
(ii) Show the twovectors 2i +3j - 4k and 8i-12j-5k
are perpendicular to each other.
(ii) Determine the value of a so that 2i + aj + 2k
and 4i -2j- 2k are perpendicular.
5. Find the unit vector paralled to xy Ans. a =2
plane and perpendicular to the unit vector 4i3j + k.
5. 1) Determine a unit vector Ans. ± (3i + 4j)/5 (R. U. 1978, '87)
perpendicular to the plane of A =3i-5j+ k and B =
2i-4j-7k.
6. Prove that the angle in a [R. U. 1985)
semicircle is a right angle.
7. If a=i+2j-3k, b= 2i +j-k,
c=i+3j2k find
(i) a.(b Xc)
(iü) (ax b) x (b x ) and also the magnitude Ans. -20
8. Vetify that formula £x (bx c) = (a.c)b- Ans. 20(-2i-j+ k), 20/N6
(a.b)c for the vectors
a =4i-j-3k, b=2i+5j and c =i+3j-2k.
9. Verify the relations, when a, b, c, i,j, k are all vectors
a=3i + 2j k, b= 2i-3j-4k, c=i+ 3j +2k
(i) a x (b + c) = a xb+a xc;
Ans. 2i -21j-6*
(ii)(a + b) xc=axc+b× c;
Ans. 1li-7;+ 16K
10. If i, j, k are three mutually perpendicular vectors, compute the following. [R. U. 1964)
(i) (2i-j +k) x (3i + k); Ans.j-i+ 3k
(i)(i-2j + 3k) x (2j- 3k); Ans. 2k+3
(iüi)(3i +4j) x (i-j+ k); Ans. 4i -3j-7k
(iv)Find an unit vector parallel to resultant of vectors A= 2i +2j-3k, B= 4i +j+k.
[R.U. 1986]
Scalar Product or dot Product
45
. Given that a = i+ 2k, b= 2i +j--kand c =i+2j-2k Express.
(i) (a.b)c;
Ans. - 4i - 8j + 8k
(ii) (a x b).c;
Ans. 6
(iii) (a + b) + c
Ans. - 4i+3j + k
(iv) (a xb) Xc
in terms of i, j, k;i, i,j, k have their
Ans. - 4i-5j7k
usual meaning. (D. U. 1970]
12. (a) Show that the vector projection
of b=i+3j +4k into the vector a = 7
10i + 11j 3k is
(b) Find the component of the 45 .
vector a = 2i-2i4+k in direction of the
that is the projection of a on b. vector b = 6i + 7j-6k
(c) Find the projection of Ans. 8b/121, -8/33
vector 4i-3j + k on the
13. Show that a =(2i - 2j + vector-7i+4k. Ans. 25/V(26 x 65)
k)/3, b =(i + 2j + 2k/3), c = (2i
perpendicular unit vectors. +j- 2k)/3 are mutually
14. Find the area of the
parallelogram whose diagonals or 3i +j-2k and
15, If the position vectors of i-3j +4k. Ans. 5,3
three points A(2, 4, - 1), B(1, 2,
perpendicular to the plane ABC. -3) and C(3, 1, 2) find a
vector
16, Find the area of the Ans. - 12i +j+5k
triangle whose vertices are at.
()(3i-j + 3k), (i-j- 3k) and (4i-3j
+ k);
(ii) A(1, 2, 3), B(2, 5, -1), C(-1,1, 2). Ans. V265/2
17. Use the dot product to Ans. N(155)/2
find the angles of the
triangle whose vertices are the
(1,3, 2). (2, -1, 1) and (-1, 3, 2). 7
points
[R. U. 1970] Ans. cos -l V369: COs -l
5
13. In any triangle prove that 132
()a=b cos C+ccos B,
(ü) acosBb cOs A =
C
(0) 2(bc cos A + ca cos B + ab cos C)
19, PrProve
= a' + b² + c.
that the attitudes of a triangle are
20. . If a,b,
c are
concurrent. (R. U. (Hons.) 1956]
Coplanar vectors, show that
dcd) a xb ta.d) bxc (b.d) c
labc] xa for any vector d.
21. The [abc] [abc]
four vectors a, b,
c, d are coplanar. Show that (a x b) x(cx d) =0.
[Link].
that the points whose
position vectors aregiven by i+2j +3k, 2i + 3j + 4k, 3i + 4j + 5k
23. Find
the Scalar . (D. U. 1970]
. so that the
aOr2ii-njat+esk,i+53 2j-3k,,4i-j+k are coplanar.
vectors
Ans. A=3/5 [R.U. 1966]
46 Vector Analysis
24. Let a, b, c be coplanar vectors. If a is not parallel to b, show that
b.b
25. Let Aand Bbetwo vectors. Showthat the component of Ain the direction of Bis
A.B
giveri by
B B. What isthe component of A normal to B. (R.U. 194
26. If a is any vector, prove that
(i) (a.i) i+ (a.j) j + (a.k) k = a;
(ii) ix (axi) + j x(a x j)+ kx (ax k) = 2a.
27. Prove that the three vectors D.U.193
ax (bx c), bx (c xa), cx (a x b) are coplanar.
28. If a, b, care three non-coplanar vectors, prove that.
(i) a %[a x (a x b)] = (a.a) (bx a);
(ii) (a x b) x (a x c) = (a.b X) a.
29. If a, b, c are three non coplanar vectors,express them in terms (R.U. 194=
of bxc, cxa, axb.
Ans. a = l(b xc) + m(cx a) +níax
a.a a.b a.c
where l = labc] =[abc n=
(abc] Similary for b and c.
30. If a, b, c are not coplannar, show that
(r.a)b x c (r.b)e x a (r.c)a x b
[abc] [abc] [abc]
-31: Prove that
(i)(b xc).(a x b) +(cX a).(b x d) + (axb).(c x d) = 0; R. U. 199
(ii) (a x b).(a x c) + (a x b).(a x c) =(a.a).(b.c)- 2(b.a) (a.c);
(i) [a + b, b+ c, c+ a] =2[abcl;
(iv) a x(b xc) +bx (¢x a) + cX (axb) = 0; [D. U.19
(D. U. N
(v) ax(b x) +b% (CXa) +cx (a xb) =0.
32. Prove that ax (b x c) = (a xb) xcif and only if (a xc) xb= 0.
interpret trhe result geometrically.
33. If a +b+c= 0, prove that axb=b Xc=cXa and
ABC where a b care
+cXa + axb) is the vector area of the triangle
1
34. Show that(bxc
2 (RU1
position vectors of A, B and C. respectively.
35. Prove that
a.a a.b a.c
[R. U. (Hons.) 1"
b.b b.c =[bxc, cX4, axbl:
(i) [abc]2 = b.a
C.a c.b C.C
Scalar Product or dot
ii) la xb, c xd, e x) =(abd] Product 47
= (abcl lcefl--(abc] [defl
= (edal [fcd]-Iabfl(ecd]
[befl-Icdb] [aefl:
(ii) lpqrl lp'q'rl = p.p' p.q'
9-P q.q q.r
Ir.p' r.q'
.where p, 4, r p. 4, are any
vectors.
zX b).(a
(vi) d x (a: x c) =[abc]
(a.b).
05. (a) If A and B lie on a
(Ax B). (Cx D) =0 plane normal to a plane containing
J6. Find a set of C and
reciprocal vectors to the D. Show that
(a) 2i + 3jk, ij-2k, set (here i, j, k
- i+2j+2k are all vectors)
(b) i-2j-3k, 2i
+jk,i+ 3j 2k. Ans. (2i + k), - (8i + 1
Ans.
3j7K).(E7i+3j 5k)
(c) 2i -j+ 3k, -i+ 3j 0i+3j+5k),-13i
+ 3k, i+j-2k. 1
+j- 5k). - 5i5j + 5k)
7. If a, b, c and Ans. 31 (9i-j+ 4k), 1
a,b, c are 1
i+7j+3k), (12i + 9j 5k)
(i) ax a' + bx b'+ reciprocal
cx c'=0 system of vectors prove
31
thae
(ii) a' x b' + b' ct'xo+b+c
(iii) a.a' + b.b + c.c' = [abc]
0.
8. Prove that r=
r.a'a + r.b'b+[Link]
RWhere a, b, cand
a', b', c are
). If a, b, cand a', reciprocal system of vectors and
b', c are such that r is any vector.
a.a' = b.b = '.c=1and
a'.b = a'.c = b'.a = b'.c =d.a =
V Prove c'.b = 0
that a bxc b' = axb axb
(abc)' (abc)' (abc)
From the three vectors a, b, c
which are false with the following products are,
explanation. possible. Find which are true and
al (1) a.(b.c),
(2) a(b.c), (3) a x(b.c), (4) a(b x c), (5) (b xc).a
(6) a x(b x c). Ans. a vector, absurd, absurd, not defined, a scalar, a
. Given vector.
a=i+ 5j-2k,b=i+, c= 3i + 2j +k
(a) find a unit
(b) find the vector perpendicular to the plane of b and C;
(c) evaluate area the parallelogram formed by b and c;
of
a.b X C;
(d) verify a x
(bxc) =(a.c)b - (a.b)c. [R. U. 1968]
Vector Analysis
48 respectively.
Show that
denote bx¢,cxa,
a xb
42. IfI, m, n
m X n,
() a is parallel to
n xl,
(ii) b is parallel to
to lx orthogonal to b and c
such u
(ii) c is parallel A that
coplanar vectors, find a vector orthogonal toc and a and
thrccnon and C. Such that Bis
43. If a, b and c are expressions for B
A. a = 1. Find similar C.c=1.
orthogonal to a and b and
B. b= 1; Cis
1
Prove that a.b x c= [Link] C.
Further show that any vector d may be written as
d= (d.A) a+ (d.B) b +(d.C)c
[R. U. (Hons.). 1970]
= (d.a) A + (d.b) B + (d.c)C.
co-ordinates of three
44. Referred to a set right handed perpendicular axes with origin 0, the
points A, B, C are (1, 2, -1), (2, 4, 1) (-1,3, 4) respectively. Find
i) the cosine of the angle between AB and AC;
(ii)the unit vectors perpendicular to both AB and AC;
(iii) the area of the triangle ABC.
(b) Express 2i + 5j 4k as a multiple of i+2j +4k plus a vector perpendicular to the later
vector.
V10 8i-9; + 5k 1 1
1 41
Ans.
3 V3 V170 2 N170. (b) m168 [R.U. 1967]
45. Show that if A#0and both the conditions A.B = A.C and A x
C=BxChold simultan
then B =C.
R. U. 1967