Classification
Number Based
Classification
Classification is the process of grouping various objects on the basis
of their common properties like shape, size, category, color etc., and
finding the odd object from the group.
➡️Types of Classification
● General Knowledge Based
● Image Based
● Number Based
● Letter based
● Letter & Number Based
● Meaning Based
👉Number Based Classification
In this type of question, certain pairs/groups of numbers are given
out of which all except one may have the same property or may be
related to each other according to the same rule. The candidate is
required to choose the odd pair/group.
➡️Concept:
● Prime Number-Based: Focuses on numbers divisible only by
1 and themselves, helping identify primes and composites.
● Square-Based: Classifies numbers as perfect squares,
emphasizing their geometric and arithmetic significance.
● Cube-Based: Identifies perfect cubes and classifies them.
● Number Near Square and Cube-Based: Deals with
numbers close to perfect squares or cubes, requiring
approximation and estimation.
● Divisibility/Multiplication-Based: Involves rules for
divisibility and numbers related through multiplication.
● Pair-Based: Examines relationships between pairs of numbers.
● Triplet pair-based: Examines relationships between triplets
of numbers.
● Digit Sum-Based: Categorizes numbers based on the sum of
their digits, highlighting numerical manipulation.
➡️Types of Number Based Analogy:
● Prime Number-Based:
Ex: Four numbers have been given, out of which three are alike in
some manner and one is different. Select the number that is
different from the rest.
1) 157
2) 131
3) 149
4) 133
Explanation: The logic followed here is:
157, 131, and 149 are Prime Numbers,
Whereas,
133 is the non-prime number, it is divisible by 1, 7, 19, and 133.
So, 133 is odd from the given options.
● Square-Based:
Ex: Three of the given options are alike in a certain way. However,
one option is not like the other three. Select the option which is
different from the others.
1) 841
2) 625
3) 961
4) 361
Explanation:
The logic follows here is:
841, 961 and 361 are all squares of prime numbers.
292 → 841, 312 → 961, 192 → 361
whereas,
625 is the square of 25(not a prime number).
252 → 625
Thus, '625' is different from the others.
● Cube-Based:
Ex: Three of the options given share a certain relationship while the
fourth is different. Select the option that is different from the rest.
1) 125
2) 81
3) 27
4) 343
Explanation: The logic followed here is:
125, 27, and 343 are all cubes of whole numbers,
Whereas,
81 is a square number (9 x 9) and not a cube number.
So, 81 is different from the given options.
● Number Near Square and Cube-Based:
Ex: Three of the four alternatives given are same in a certain way
and so form a group. Find the odd one that does not belong to the
group:
1) 72
2) 42
3) 152
4) 110
Explanation: The logic followed here is:
Logic: Number = (x)2 + x.
Now,
Option 1) 72 = 82 + 8.
Option 2) 42 = 62 + 6.
Option 3) 152 ≠ 122 + 12.
Option 4) 110 = 102 + 10.
So, '152' is odd among the given options.
Ex: Choose the numbers which is different from others in the group?
1) 127
2) 29
3) 18
4) 10
Explanation: The logic followed here is:
Logic: Number = (x)3 + 2.
(1) 127 = (5)3 + 2
(2) 29 = (3)3 + 2
(3) 18 = (4)2 + 2
(4) 10 = (2)3 + 2
Here, Option (3) has a different logic than other options.
● Divisibility/Multiplication-Based:
Ex:Choose the odd number.
1) 196
2) 154
3) 252
4) 176
Explanation: Let's do factors of each number;
1) 196 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7;
2) 154 = 2 × 7 × 11;
3) 242 = 2 × 11 × 11;
4) 176 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11;
Except “196”, all options are multiple of 11.
● Pair-Based:
Ex:
Select the number-pair that does NOT belong to that group.
1) 127 ∶ 62
2) 473 ∶ 235
3) 333 ∶ 160
4) 869 ∶ 433
Explanation: The logic follows here:
(Second number × 2) + 3 = First number
1) 127 ∶ 62 = (62 × 2) + 3 = 124 + 3 = 127 ✅
2) 473 ∶ 235 = (235 × 2) + 3 = 470 + 3 = 473 ✅
3) 333 ∶ 160 = (160 × 2) + 3 = 320 + 3 = 323 ≠ 333 ❌
4) 869 ∶ 433 = (433 × 2) + 3 = 866 + 3 = 869 ✅
Here, pair '333 ∶ 160' does NOT belong to that group.
● Triplet pair-based:
Ex: Four groups of numbers have been given, out of which three are
alike in some manner and one is different. Select the group that is
different.
1) 19 ∶ 133 ∶ 289
2) 13 ∶ 91 ∶ 273
3) 17 ∶ 119 ∶ 357
4) 11 ∶ 77 ∶ 231
Explanation: Pattern followed here is :
Option (1) →
Option (2) →
Option (3) →
Option (4) →
In option (1) According to pattern '289' should be replace by 133 × 3 =
'399 '.
● Digit Sum-Based:
Ex: In the following questions, three out of the four alternatives are
related in some way and one is different from others. Select the odd
one.
1) 1014
2) 4011
3) 2112
4) 5241
Explanation: Logic: Sum of all digits in the given numbers is equal
to 6, except 5241.
1014 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 6
4011 4 + 0 + 1 + 1 = 6
2112 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 6
5241 5 + 2 + 4 + 1 = 12
Here ‘5241’ digit sum is 12 which is different from the rest of the
numbers.
⚡Tips and Tricks for Solving Number Analogy:
● Understand the Properties: Recognize if the numbers are
prime, square, cube, or divisible by a specific number.
● Look for Patterns: Check for arithmetic (addition,
subtraction, etc.) or geometric progressions.
● Use Divisibility Rules: Quickly identify divisibility (e.g., by 2,
3, 5, etc.).
● Practice Common Types: Familiarize yourself with common
classifications like primes, squares, and cubes.
● Eliminate Wrong Options: Rule out incorrect answers
quickly, especially in multiple-choice questions.