Iloilo Science and Technology University
Architecture Department
Prepared by:
GELMAR SIA MONTEFRIO
Faculty-in-Charge
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• IDENTIFY TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX AND
MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• UNDERSTAND SPATIAL AND
PROGRAMMATIC COMPLEXITY
• APPLY ECOLOGICAL AND SITE PLANNING
STRATEGIES
• ANALYZE URBAN CONTEXT AND
COMMUNITY INTEGRATION
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• VERTICAL MIXED-USE TOWERS
• COMMERCIAL–RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES
• TRANSPORT HUBS
• CULTURAL COMPLEXES
• INSTITUTIONAL CAMPUSES
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• VERTICAL MIXED-USE TOWERS
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
COMMERCIAL–RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• TRANSPORT HUBS
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• CULTURAL COMPLEXES
TYPOLOGIES OF COMPLEX
& MIXED-USE STRUCTURES
• INSTITUTIONAL CAMPUSES
SPATIAL COMPLEXITY
• MULTI-LEVEL CIRCULATION
• ZONING OF PUBLIC VS PRIVATE
SPACES
• WAYFINDING SYSTEMS
• VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
CONNECTIONS
SPATIAL COMPLEXITY
• MULTI-LEVEL CIRCULATION
• 1. Intelligibility at Navigability
• 2. Vertical Integration at Visibility
• 3. Pedestrian Movement Patterns
• 4. Space Syntax sa 3D
SPATIAL COMPLEXITY
• ZONING OF PUBLIC VS PRIVATE SPACES
• 1. Public Zone (Social Zone)
• 2. Private Zone (Personal Zone)
• 3. Semi-Public / Semi-Private
(Transition Zone)
• 4. Space Syntax sa 3D
SPATIAL COMPLEXITY
• WAYFINDING SYSTEMS
• Layout Legibility:
• Decision Points: )
• Visual Access:
• Environmental
Differentiation:
PROGRAMMATIC
COMPLEXITY
• • INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
• • DIVERSE USER GROUPS
• • FLEXIBLE SPACES
• • OPERATIONAL COORDINATION
ECOLOGICAL & SITE PLANNING STRATEGIES
• CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN
• GREEN ROOFS AND VERTICAL
GARDENS
• WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• ENERGY-EFFICIENT ORIENTATION
URBAN CONTEXT & COMMUNITY INTEGRATION
• CONNECTION TO TRANSPORTATION
• PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY
• CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
• PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY DESIGN
DIAGRAM: VERTICAL MIXED-USE STACKING
Residential / Condo
Hotel / Offices
Entertainment / Amenities
Retail / Mall
Transport / Parking
•Privacy Layers: Circulation becomes more restricted as you move deeper. You move from Public (lobby) to Semi-Private (reception/m
•Dead-End vs. Continuous: Modern offices avoid long "dead-end" corridors, instead using "loop" circulation to encourage spontaneous
DIAGRAM: CIRCULATION CONCEPT
Retail
Office
Public Entry
Retail Circulation (The
3. Office Circulation (The
Experience)
The Public Entry (The Transition) Retail movement is designed to
Efficiency)
The entry serves as the Office movement is functional and
be slow and exploratory to
primary orientation point. Its goal is to direct, prioritizing speed and security.
maximize "dwell time" and product
filter visitors efficiently. •The Core: Vertical circulation
exposure.
•Threshold: It acts as a buffer between (elevators and stairs) is usually
•Path Types: Common layouts
the street and the interior. Large lobbies centralized in a "core" to provide the
include Linear (a straight
or atriums are often used to provide a shortest distance to any given office
spine), Loop (to ensure shoppers
clear line of sight to various destinations. suite.
see every storefront),
•Separation of Flow: This is where "de- •Privacy Layers: Circulation becomes
or Radial (branching out from a
confliction" happens. Good design uses more restricted as you move deeper.
central hub).
visual cues (like different flooring or You move from Public (lobby) to Semi-
•Vertical Draw: Escalators are often
signage) to direct retail shopers one way Private (reception/meeting rooms)
placed in the center of an atrium to
and office tenants toward secure elevator to Private (individual desks/secure
act as "kinetic sculptures,"
banks. zones).
encouraging people to move to
•Dead-End vs. Continuous: Modern
upper lvels while keeping them
offices avoid long "dead-end" corridors,
connected to the visual energy of
instead using "loop" circulation to
the ground floor.
encourage spontaneous "water cooler"
interactions among staff.
CASE STUDY: MARINA BAY SANDS
• LOCATION: SINGAPORE
• • INTEGRATED RESORT COMPLEX
• • HOTEL TOWERS + SKY PARK
• • CASINO, MALL, CONVENTION
CENTER
• • STRONG URBAN LANDMARK
CASE STUDY: JEWEL CHANGI
AIRPORT
• LOCATION: SINGAPORE
• • AIRPORT RETAIL AND LEISURE COMPLEX
• • INDOOR FOREST ENVIRONMENT
• • RAIN VORTEX CENTERPIECE
• • TOURISM AND TRANSPORTATION INTEGRATION
STUDENT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
• 1. WHAT CHALLENGES ARISE IN DESIGNING MIXED-USE BUILDINGS?
• 2. HOW CAN CIRCULATION IMPROVE USER EXPERIENCE?
• 3. WHY IS ECOLOGICAL PLANNING IMPORTANT IN LARGE DEVELOPMENTS?
• 4. HOW SHOULD ARCHITECTS RESPOND TO URBAN CONTEXT?
CLASS ACTIVITY: CONCEPT DESIGN EXERCISE
• DESIGN A SMALL MIXED-USE COMPLEX ON A HYPOTHETICAL URBAN SITE:
• GROUND FLOOR: PUBLIC COMMERCIAL SPACE
• MIDDLE FLOORS: OFFICE OR INSTITUTIONAL
• UPPER FLOORS: RESIDENTIAL
• INCLUDE:
• CIRCULATION DIAGRAM
• STACKING DIAGRAM
• SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY
REFERENCES:
• CHING, F. D. K. (2015). ARCHITECTURE: FORM, SPACE, AND ORDER. WILEY.
• CARMONA, M., HEATH, T., OC, T., & TIESDELL, S. (2010). PUBLIC PLACES URBAN
SPACES. ROUTLEDGE.
• NEUFERT, E. (2012). ARCHITECTS' DATA. WILEY-BLACKWELL.
• YEANG, K. (2008). ECODESIGN: A MANUAL FOR ECOLOGICAL DESIGN. WILEY.