AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Electrical Power and Machines Department
4th Year, Electrical Engineering
2022/2023 Course Code: EPM 461s Time allowed: 2 Hrs.
Protection Engineering
:ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ
.ﺣﻴﺎزة اﻟﺘﻴﻠﻔﻮن ا�حﻤﻮل ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ داﺧﻞ �جﻨﺔ اﻷﻣﺘﺤﺎن �ﻌﺘ�� ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﺶ و�ذا �ﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورى اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﺑﺎ�حﻤﻮل ﻓﻴﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ �� ا�حﻘﺎﺋﺐ •
.ﻻ �ﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻷذن أو اﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮث •
Open Book �ﺴتﺜ�ى ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت ذات اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﻔﺘﻮح.ﻻ�ﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل أي ﻛﺘﺐ أو ﻣﻼزم أو أوراق داﺧﻞ اﻟ�جﻨﺔ وا�خﺎﻟﻔﺔ �ﻌﺘ�� ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﺶ •
The Examination Consists of Five Questions in Three Pages Maximum Marks: 60 Marks
Answer the Following Questions
Question (1): (12 Marks)
a) For the power system section shown in Fig. (1), draw the protective zones? Which circuit
breakers will operate for faults at P1 and P2? (3 Marks)
b) The performance of a distance relay was monitored over a period of 2 years. It was found that it
operated 15 times. 12 were desired trips due to faults in its jurisdiction. It was found that the relay
failed to issue trip decisions on 2 occasions. Compute the dependability and security percentages of
the relay. (3 Marks)
c) What are the different time characteristics of over current relays? (2 marks)
d) Explain with neat sketches the principle of operation of earth-fault protection with core balance
current transformers? (4 marks)
Question (2): (12 Marks)
a) Fig. (2) shows a distance protection for a section of a power system. The zone 1 setting for both
relays A and B is equal to 150 Ohms.
i. What will be the impedance seen by the relay at A and B for a fault at F1?
ii. For a fault at F1, identify whether relay A or B will trip first?
iii. If the circuit breaker C2 fails for a fault at F2, will the fault be cleared by relays at A and B?
(4 marks)
Course Examination Committee
Prof. Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, Dr. Amr Magdy Page 1/3
Internal
b) What are the difficulties of differential protection?
Define the setting of the operating coil (pick-up
value) of the biased differential relay. (4 marks)
c) The winding of a generator is protected by a
percentage differential relay (biased beam) with a
slope of operation curve = 14%. The two current
transformers used are of ratio 500:5. If a short circuit
occurs near the neutral point of the generator winding
such that the values of the currents passing in the two
sides of the generator winding are 350 A and 300 A,
respectively. Draw the wiring diagram of the
protection system and determine if the relay will
operate or not and why. (4 Marks)
Question (3): (12 Marks)
For the double Incomer Network shown in
figure. The circuit breakers at A1 and A2 are
equipped with directional and non-directional
protection relays.
• for a fault at [1].
a. The minimum short circuit current for
feeder (1) is 5 KA. Select a suitable
definite time and current setting for the
primary and back-up protection. given
tD = 0.1 seconds. (4 Marks)
• For a fault at [2]:
b. Draw the path of the short circuit current for such fault (2 Marks)
c. Select a current and time setting for the directional relay (R) at A1 and A2. Giving reasons
for your settings. (4 Marks)
d. What is the back-up protection for the fault at (2) (2 Marks)
Question (4): (12 Marks)
For the 11 KV Single Incomer Network shown in figure. The system is earthed via limiting
resistance.
• For a fault at [1]: (6 Marks)
a. Select appropriate setting for the primary and back-up protection for such fault if this
network is supplying motor loads.
b. How to ensure that circuit breakers D2 and D3 are not tripping for the fault at 1.
c. If three other feeders (D4, D5 and D6) are added to the bus-bar. Is there any adjustment
needed to the earth fault settings of D1, D2 and D3? Comment.
Course Examination Committee
Prof. Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, Dr. Amr Magdy Page 2/3
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• For a fault at [2] (6 Marks)
d. Draw the path of the earth fault
current pointing out the primary and
back-up protection for such fault.
e. For a fault located upstream of
circuit breaker A, is a directional
relay needed at A? Comment
Question (5): (12 Marks)
For the 22 KV Single Incomer Network shown in figure. The Four outgoing feeders are
identical with V= 22 KV, 50hz, 500m length and the capacitance is 0.5 µF/km.
• Answer the following questions:
a. Explain the type of Neutral earthing for such network showing its advantages and
disadvantages.
b. Select the type and appropriate setting (current and time) for the earth fault protection on the
outgoing feeders to ensure tripping of the faulty feeder only considering that the residual
devices used have a rating of 5 amperes.
c. Calculate the current measured by the residual device on the faulty feeder for the following
cases:
i. Only the faulty feeder is in Service.
ii. Two more identical feeders added to the busbar
d. Advise a backup protection for such fault giving reasons for your choice?
Course Examination Committee
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Internal