Electrical Workshop Practice II

Chapter One
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS COIL
 Contents
• Concepts of apparatus coil and their purpose

• Winding Insulating Materials

• Lab Observation

2
  Lab & Workshop Safety
• Before you can use equipment and machines or attempt
practical work in a workshop or a lab, you must understand
basic safety rules.
• These rules will help keeping you and others safe in the
workshop.
• Following safety rules will also prevent you and others from
accidents, injuries as well as death.

3
 Insulating Materials (Winding)

• Insulating materials:
Offers very high resistance to the flow of current
Used to keep the current in its proper path along the
conductor
 Classification of insulating materials
Classification according to substances and materials.
• Solid Insulating Materials (Inorganic and organic)
• Mica, wood, slate, glass, porcelain, rubber, cotton, silk, rayon, paper and cellulose
materials etc.

• Liquid Insulating Materials (Oils and Varnishes)

• Refined hydrocarbon minerals oils, Linseed oil, spirit and synthetic varnishes, etc.

• Gaseous Insulating Materials

• Dry air, carbon-dioxide, argon, nitrogène, etc.
 • Characteristics of Good Insulating Material
• Very high insulation resistance.
• High dielectric strength.
• Low thermal expansion.
• Non-inflammable when exposed to arcing.
• Resistant to oils or liquids, gas fumes, acids and alkalies.
• Should have no deteriorating effect on the material, in contact with it.
• Good thermal conductivity.
• High mechanical strength
• High thermal strength.
• Should be resistant to thermal and chemical deterioration.
• Should be resistant to moisture absorption.
 Insulation Application in Electrical Winding
• Between conductor /coils and earth (phase-to-earth),

• Between conductor /coils of different phases (phase-to-phase),

• Between turns in a coil (inter-turn) and

• Between the coils of the same phase (inter-coil).

  Properties of Conductors
• Electrical properties
• Highly conductive
• Low Resistivity
• Electrical Energy dissipated as heat must be low
• Temperature to resistance ratio must be low
• Mechanical properties
• high ductility
• High tensile strength(withstand stress and strain)
• Solderability – the joint should have low contact resistance
• Resistance to corrosion*
• Easy to fabricate
  Coil Winding Basics (Terminologies)
• Coils are loops in a wire, but when electricity flows through the wire interesting
things happen.

• For example, if there is an iron core in the loops you have an electromagnet (or a
solenoid).

• The wire or conductor which constitutes the coil is called the winding.

• Each loop of wire is called a turn.

• In windings in which the turns touch, the wire must be insulated with a coating of
nonconductive insulation such as plastic to prevent the current from passing
between the wire turns.
9
 Winding Wires
• They are solid wires
• Insulated with varnish*
• Used in transformer, inductor, motor, generator, speaker wires and etc

Wire
• May be cylindrical or rectangular cross-section
• Used to carry electricity and signals (information)
• Sizes are determined by standard gauge values
  Coil Wire Type for Apparatus Winding
Enameled Round Copper Wire & Enameled Round Aluminum Wire
• A fundamental part of a winding in every electrical machine or apparatus.
• Compared to fibrous insulations, enameled copper & aluminum wire offers a
favorable space saving factor together with a high level of breakdown
voltage.
• The main application of Enameled Copper & Aluminum Wires are in winding
of Transformers and Motors.

11
• Enameled Aluminum Wire or Enameled Copper Wire is a wire coated
with a thin layer of enamel (varnish) insulation to prevent the wire
surfaces from being in a short circuit when wound into coils.

• Magnetic flux is created when current flows through the coil.

• They are used in various Electrical Applications due to its superior

Electrical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties.

• They are thin in size, super conductive and highly resistive to corrosion.

12
 Properties of Enameled Wires
• High dielectric strength
• Very low dissipation factor
• Remaining reasonably constant at high frequencies or under humid
conditions
• No mechanical or chemical stripping required.
• Good resistance to abrasion.
• Good flexibility and adhesion to the conductor smaller coefficient of
friction,
• Higher mechanical intensity, Excellent heat resistance.
• Good solderability.
14