Python If Else Statements – Conditional

Statements
•
In both real life and programming, decision-making is crucial. We often face
situations where we need to make choices, and based on those choices, we determine
our next actions. Similarly, in programming, we encounter scenarios where we must
make decisions to control the flow of our code.
Conditional statements in Python play a key role in determining the direction of
program execution. Among these, If-Else statements are fundamental, providing a
way to execute different blocks of code based on specific conditions. As the name
suggests, If-Else statements offer two paths, allowing for different outcomes
depending on the condition evaluated.

Types of Control Flow in Python

• Python If Statement
• Python If Else Statement
• Python Nested If Statement
• Python Elif

Python If Statement
The if statement is the most simple decision-making statement. It is used to decide
whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not.

Flowchart of If Statement
Let’s look at the flow of code in the Python If statements.
 Flowchart of Python if statement

Syntax of If Statement in Python

Here, the condition after evaluation will be either true or false. if the statement accepts
boolean values – if the value is true then it will execute the block of statements below
it otherwise not.
#if syntax Python

if condition:
# Statements to execute if
# condition is true

As we know, Python uses indentation to identify a block. So the block under the
Python if statements will be identified as shown in the below example:
if condition:
statement1
statement2
# Here if the condition is true, if block
# will consider only statement1 to be inside
# its block.

Example of Python if Statement

As the condition present in the if statements in Python is false. So, the block below the
if statement is executed.
Python
# python program to illustrate If statement
i = 10

if (i > 15):
print("10 is less than 15")
print("I am Not in if")

Output:
I am Not in if

Python If Else Statement

The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of
statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But if we want to do something else if
the condition is false, we can use the else statement with the if statement Python to
execute a block of code when the Python if condition is false.

Flowchart of If Else Statement

Let’s look at the flow of code in an if else Python statement.

Syntax of If Else in Python

if (condition):
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if
# condition is false
Example of Python If Else Statement
The block of code following the else if in Python, the statement is executed as the
condition present in the if statement is false after calling the statement which is not in
the block(without spaces).
Python
# python program to illustrate else if in Python statement
#!/usr/bin/python

i = 20
if (i < 15):
print("i is smaller than 15")
print("i'm in if Block")
else:
print("i is greater than 15")
print("i'm in else Block")
print("i'm not in if and not in else Block")

Output:
i is greater than 15
i'm in else Block
i'm not in if and not in else Block

If Else in Python using List Comprehension

In this example, we are using an Python else if statement in a list comprehension with
the condition that if the element of the list is odd then its digit sum will be stored else
not.
Python
# Explicit function
def digitSum(n):
dsum = 0
for ele in str(n):
dsum += int(ele)
return dsum

# Initializing list
List = [367, 111, 562, 945, 6726, 873]

# Using the function on odd elements of the list

newList = [digitSum(i) for i in List if i & 1]

# Displaying new list

print(newList)

Output :
[16, 3, 18, 18]
Python Nested If Statement
A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if statement. Nested if
statements mean an if statement inside another if statement.
Yes, Python allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e., we can place an
if statement inside another if statement.

Flowchart of Python Nested if Statement

Flowchart of Python Nested if statement

Syntax:
if (condition1):
# Executes when condition1 is true
if (condition2):
# Executes when condition2 is true
# if Block is end here
# if Block is end here

Example of Python Nested If Statement

In this example, we are showing nested if conditions in the code, All the If condition
in Python will be executed one by one.
Python
# python program to illustrate nested If statement

i = 10
if (i == 10):

# First if statement
if (i < 15):
print("i is smaller than 15")

# Nested - if statement
# Will only be executed if statement above
# it is true
if (i < 12):
print("i is smaller than 12 too")
else:
print("i is greater than 15")

Output:
i is smaller than 15
i is smaller than 12 too

Python Elif
Here, a user can decide among multiple options. The if statements are executed from
the top down.
As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated
with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the
conditions is true, then the final “else” statement will be executed.

Flowchart of Elif Statement in Python

Let’s look at the flow of control in if-elif-else ladder:
 Flowchart of if-elif-else ladder

Syntax:
if (condition):
statement
elif (condition):
statement
.
.
else:
statement

Example of Python if-elif-else ladder

In the example, we are showing single if in Python, multiple elif conditions, and
single else condition.
Python
# Python program to illustrate if-elif-else ladder
#!/usr/bin/python

i = 25
if (i == 10):
print("i is 10")
elif (i == 15):
print("i is 15")
elif (i == 20):
print("i is 20")
else:
print("i is not present")

Output:
i is not present
 Loops in Python – For, While and Nested
Loops
•
Python programming language provides two types of Python loopshecking time. In
this article, we will look at Python loops and understand their working with the help
of examp – For loop and While loop to handle looping requirements. Loops in
Python provides three ways for executing the loops.
While all the ways provide similar basic functionality, they differ in their syntax and
condition-checking time. In this article, we will look at Python loops and understand
their working with the help of examples.

While Loop in Python

In Python, a while loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a
given condition is satisfied. When the condition becomes false, the line immediately
after the loop in the program is executed.

Python While Loop Syntax:

while expression:
statement(s)

All the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a
programming construct are considered to be part of a single block of code. Python
uses indentation as its method of grouping statements.
Let’s learn how to use a while loop in Python with Examples:

Example of Python While Loop

Let’s see a simple example of a while loop in Python. The given Python code uses
a ‘while' loop to print “Hello Geek” three times by incrementing a variable
called ‘count' from 1 to 3.
Python
count = 0
while (count < 3):
count = count + 1
print("Hello Geek")

Output
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Using else statement with While Loop in Python
The else clause is only executed when your while condition becomes false. If you
break out of the loop, or if an exception is raised, it won’t be executed.

Syntax of While Loop with else statement:

while condition:
# execute these statements
else:
# execute these statements

Examples of While Loop with else statement:

Here is an example of while loop with else statement in Python:
The code prints “Hello Geek” three times using a ‘while' loop and then, after the
loop, it prints “In Else Block” because there is an “else” block associated with
the ‘while' loop.
Python
count = 0
while (count < 3):
count = count + 1
print("Hello Geek")
else:
print("In Else Block")

Output
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
In Else Block
Infinite While Loop in Python
If we want a block of code to execute infinite number of time, we can use the while
loop in Python to do so.
The code uses a ‘while' loop with the condition (count == 0). This loop will only
run as long as count is equal to 0. Since count is initially set to 0, the loop will
execute indefinitely because the condition is always true.
Python
count = 0
while (count == 0):
print("Hello Geek")
For Loop in Python
For loops are used for sequential traversal. For example: traversing
a list or string or array etc. In Python, there is “for in” loop which is similar
to foreach loop in other languages. Let us learn how to use for loops in Python for
sequential traversals with examples.

For Loop Syntax:

for iterator_var in sequence:
statements(s)
It can be used to iterate over a range and iterators.

Example:
The code uses a Python for loop that iterates over the values from 0 to 3 (not
including 4), as specified by the range(0, n) construct. It will print the values
of ‘i' in each iteration of the loop.
Python
n = 4
for i in range(0, n):
print(i)

Output
0
1
2
3

Example with List, Tuple, String, and Dictionary Iteration Using for Loops in
Python
We can use for loop to iterate lists, tuples, strings and dictionaries in Python.
The code showcases different ways to iterate through various data structures in
Python. It demonstrates iteration over lists, tuples, strings, dictionaries, and sets,
printing their elements or key-value pairs.
The output displays the contents of each data structure as it is iterated.

Python
print("List Iteration")
l = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]
for i in l:
print(i)
print("\nTuple Iteration")
t = ("geeks", "for", "geeks")
for i in t:
print(i)
print("\nString Iteration")
s = "Geeks"
for i in s:
print(i)
print("\nDictionary Iteration")
d = dict()
d['xyz'] = 123
d['abc'] = 345
for i in d:
print("%s %d" % (i, d[i]))
print("\nSet Iteration")
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
for i in set1:
print(i),

Output
List Iteration
geeks
for
geeks

Tuple Iteration
geeks
for
geeks

String Iteration
G
e
e
k
s
Dictionary Iteration
xyz 123
abc 345

Set Iteration
1
2
3
4
5
6
Iterating by the Index of Sequences
We can also use the index of elements in the sequence to iterate. The key idea is to
first calculate the length of the list and in iterate over the sequence within the range of
this length. See the below

Example: This code uses a ‘for' loop to iterate over a list and print each element. It
iterates through the list based on the index of each element, obtained
using ‘range(len(list))'. The result is that it prints each item in the list on separate
lines.
Python
list = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]
for index in range(len(list)):
print(list[index])

Output
geeks
for
geeks

Using else Statement with for Loop in Python

We can also combine else statement with for loop like in while loop. But as there is no
condition in for loop based on which the execution will terminate so the else block
will be executed immediately after for block finishes execution.
In this code, the ‘for' loop iterates over a list and prints each element, just like in the
previous example. However, after the loop is finished, the “else” block is executed.
So, in this case, it will print “Inside Else Block” once the loop completes.
Python
list = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]
for index in range(len(list)):
print(list[index])
else:
print("Inside Else Block")

Output
geeks
for
geeks
Inside Else Block

Nested Loops in Python

Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop which is
called nested loop. Following section shows few examples to illustrate the concept.

Nested Loops Syntax:

for iterator_var in sequence:
for iterator_var in sequence:
statements(s)
statements(s)

The syntax for a nested while loop statement in the Python programming language is
as follows:
while expression:
while expression:
statement(s)
statement(s)
A final note on loop nesting is that we can put any type of loop inside of any other
type of loops in Python. For example, a for loop can be inside a while loop or vice
versa.
Example: This Python code uses nested ‘for' loops to create a triangular pattern of
numbers. It iterates from 1 to 4 and, in each iteration, prints the current number
multiple times based on the iteration number. The result is a pyramid-like pattern of
numbers.
Python
from __future__ import print_function
for i in range(1, 5):
for j in range(i):
print(i, end=' ')
print()

Output
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4

Jump Statements in Python

In any programming language, a command written by the programmer for the

computer to act is known as a statement. In simple words, a statement can be thought
of as an instruction that programmers give to the computer and upon receiving them,
the computer acts accordingly.
There are various types of statements in programming and one such type of statement
is known as Jump Statement. So, this article contains what a jump statement is, its
types, its syntax, and a few programs based on them.
Jump Statement: As the name suggests, a jump statement is used to break the normal
flow of the program and jump onto a specific line of code in the program if the
specific condition is true. In simple words, it transfers the execution control of the
program to another statement if a specific condition associated becomes true. As we
proceed further you will get a better understanding of this concept.

Types of Jump Statements:

Break: As the name suggests, a break statement is used to break or stop a flow
control. This is generally used in a loop. A break statement is used in a loop in such a
way, that when a particular condition becomes true, the break statement is executed
and we come out of the loop immediately at that moment.
 Syntax:
Loop{
Condition:
break
}

Example:
• Python3

# for loop traversing from 1 to 4

for i in range(1, 5):

# If this condition becomes true break will execute

if(i == 3):

# Break statement will terminate the entire loop

break

print(i)

Output
1
2

Continue: The continue statement is somewhat similar to the break statement but
there is one significant difference between them. A break statement terminates the
entire loop but the continue statement skips only the current iteration and continues
with the rest steps. So, if we use the continue statement in a loop, it will only skip one
iteration when the associated condition is true and then continue the rest of the loop
unlike the break statement.
 Syntax:
while True:
...
if x == 100:
continue
print(x)
Example:
• Python3

# for loop traversing from 1 to 4

for i in range(1, 5):

# If this condition becomes true continue will execute

if(i == 2):

# Continue statement will skip the iteration when i=2 and continue the rest
of the loop

continue

print(i)

Output
1
3
4

Pass: The pass statement is an interesting statement, as when it gets executed nothing
happens. It plays the role of a placeholder. This means that, if we want to write a piece
of code over there in the near future but we cannot keep that space empty, then we can
use the pass statement. In simple words, it is used to avoid getting an error from
keeping an empty space.
 Syntax:
def function:
pass

Example:
• Python3

# Traversing through every character of the string

for alphabet in 'Legends':

# If alphabet='g' program will do nothing and won't print the letter

if(alphabet == 'g'):

pass

else:

print(alphabet)

Output
L
e
e
n
d
s