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Structured Programming

structured programming

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3 views124 pages

Structured Programming

structured programming

Uploaded by

hapevaw398
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
i 1 STRUCTuRE D Re 6A pram al A -COURIE OUTLINE Topic 23 Pao hRAMMiA 4 KoncepTs seontepd Genera Bon eb prpramming _lantuases Gen t Prepeamming. Langues Topic 2: prosRammuad 5 Opp Recuks Tope Bt pReGRanime DEVELPMEAT y Tamme development lite fete The PROGRAMME DETIAN Defpritons Dedig 2. apprtaches Design pate. Tope S! IN Teo Mpuc Tie To STRUCTURED PREGRAMMIAIS Win © Limeurte &. concept c Pegeanming wire mMent ce Format TRICE. Fudvamenzel oF PROG RAM ALG Congo! etructures CN cep ef some. pryrammes Tepe 1 pod teRs ba DATA steucTuReY Descapbea of peintes Data shu clare Tepe Bi sRTiAG And SEARCHIAG Sorting Searching Techn: ques Aniques / | <4 a 3 Age VFL eo File preyfameing concerts i ym c i Tope ter PRK RaMME Doce MEM TA Tost Des onp ben of Pygramme. beluments ter TRC NS EMERGING TREADS (A STRUCTHRED PREG AIT Erte RATS D> fal gegramme> a prenion Pio Fe of complek nsbuetions Jiven Sf -__d2_4— comp ae e_thaé 4 can euceemp hth __& given ash 2 he task ma either be simple ey compbiny areas complex, 5, Skaticbreal analysis: a : Ea eed: computer Pogrammes_are. oo sutitben bh wwe g | ——numbtr of prblems on the _compydter Ie face of writing | oO | { Lampultr frgramae 2 & aquat in Joleyng ter problem + | fr png samme D_ qurmel tained and syecia liter Dy Kehnigues tor | et enaiiney and ~ mock faging p tempat Prgrtnone thaeage —Uho > set of gymbeld and rule which ave wed + govern the conrbucten and maintainane c4 4 com pater Pagsramne: i Prgramming language — combines ttpe dertie. Setilallioy laces poral ker softwares and theg emasc peg © FI Ye conpuber how perform tases - searmercthe ea pesen she has been trained and speciale 4 ; . ia techni ques creatiry, Maintaining and mediggiag compute, i ies ger Chains icy snd madi ggiag puter Programmes wae” Tages taagueyee ave elas fete inte twe 4 Han. | ake Léwe | oe ages = They ae Enguages that have 2 lew abibraction & te machine! | compute» The instuctin ave unter i maner tae it © elvectly andeabadalle Pte amply and q rt dee net need wept OF fe pirer ten compaley & unclewtand - | fb i dea Y 1 sega) EB | 5 - Th a tem level language In which “instructions and deéo | QD feprerented hag inary number! gyitem ne Inadete eat are t0r Hy \ are : g i | \ i 6a sJene ef tinary Angits Cer and oes b oop ms) = dhe ig poyreumme eve entered mb the madre the compete directly frecuts ib witht tanslabon. 1 | | ineri ti ledvartscy 1 prgramme execution a fast because Ne banslation i> Needed - v prepramme can ditectly abdren and_conbol the intemal. Cireutsy f- te computer, hence 1b mere efficient in__harduare wage and tena hewier VAs Grseming & wate Prgvammes - Spiced & face enue ” Deficut tt. learn ane we. wbiffeate 4b medity ee prejcammes ive programmer are machice dp 5 ' vel BM generation Camemsly leinyus ze) : che language @ mere wer oriented than machine lang 4 fntructionr are antlen wing. coder aad fymbelie addrawes oy ulveh can Se wed aml pyran —Inducdin | y r Much eqier learn cempared . be machine language - code tetker lev time & dune than machine langage ybeperne iievm cerrecHen ble cern Lprgramnes ave machine specific and se abit yesrbicbive . execben tare tenger Compared F Machine language due pres 7 a High level . Lanscene } {Ane ave languages that a Jbuy abibachin fran details © of computer system re fhey nesmaly hele cpu, detail ey = Tho are programming lang tages thet require the pn TLE was normaly designed QUST Rep Mueober “tah level laaguagt are wer sal _aad__pasem. niente. temparel lew level langueige+ ~ is alk teaver a yhert tre b woke paginas wing 2 high Level Langucede becuwe of 10 Lum maritedl nature ._ elbggh level ee have eatenive tee Cobia Per aad gyoré and so inatiac bens ave written wing familiar engloh like srtertenen| awella mathematical utatemenb » = They aye necialy ranila ted mts machine ale Sefer they ave exce | pba ntecge : EE \ They ave patible f bed, VL UES tees (ess thee te Creede caine 4 delay 0) Thay ate telatively cary ty teen and we. he _piryrammer Ae eke have teeton gy paper é in the interne| ere ef the machine- Diseud € 1 an aie ae mee tine due b translation press do_nck adden the ntmal cacy cf computer wv cffrac aw am eel ageageee & Tranulacted Pegrac will eccupy mele space hene ule ¥f mare Mer 4 igh level lang reve are we main coke oried 0 ( priceclaral langrager)— nines .&. apecity dttpdy ste. ew te Gorpats wil “accemploh a sped fed yramme tection fellows The exact tequere thE? aid dewn ey the prugrammer chung ( purbeon y coool) © cxdiag-eg be «busines and cemmercial dat pre MIE eeoted in difpvent we! ty Some Covesin? ite Cabel a2 have teubres felatel b ehject CNended Pagar SL Cobel El, é6,q% rdran Cpormular_ TWanilation ) : £ was developed frr__.scienbifrc_and engineering. applicecticn,- wad near wed ts prices numertcal clade < age! yaslact® ; uM 4enerytes LNen- dural) =the ave pe aing languages thal alle computes prngee mae & spect. denvedt yeuutd” “witha hav ag & spetcty the debites qredut thot > deeded fb achioe the vemits» ~) They ave more wer _oienkd and allow Prgsammen _ develp Trg aime with fous Gav and? compared & He od generat They generally aller pypramnes th unite -pygrammer that Hit comp what ey ant done yather than ew te ele it Encamp les ; i epee feneveron Inep ext writen ~ ~ “The se end utr prgrammes tab ave wed be prdece reports ‘? w aiute lan age Thay ave Seay b ue languages for Yetnen ag deta pron datilic |, Ae ae Sudem{ pam - “i | pplecaben Generator = Ty a1€ _pugram te Uo thé alka w & grea detalec! Gplanation of dhe data & be promised» They gene pele & cea prgranme: te speety” perfor fea fied ae. Thay afe..-pogramming ..tanjuage thee we cbjecb i combice det and” behavicars an “eyec® Ba Bing Grab car perfnn u sel of yelatal achy ties ; ‘ j Te set ot achwter + cyject_ performs defines ¢ Lehonous- -ubjed mente! prgammiag generally de enabler rapid applicatiy | leveloment » C © Fava cH visual bane vO lel cH -wlel, ogjerte jobject cobel minid SS So, ___tindeynet _baved se peg pepmmeny languages See eee _| they ave la agger wel & crenke webpages on world wick wv | whe es 8 enna several wel page ate combined 49 perm website which can be —_|wed + de ale ef Shing ey Aver iing, €lecbunie deataiars ocem, del bared Lanquages...are wel + Gert _uelitt, | bp ccpBas 7 Agpectak marca languege (HtmL), Hypertext pre -proceue CP hp), ete markup language CE mL) Faved Senpe (Jed) J Mptery Behce OIC aye aot ard die m3 = Vee Abe splat wen amputee —_prgrermming. b solve seine ofhuare cogicaney| computer science prblems— - pareidigm differ depending onthe concep and als tractine wh Ae _used + sepreent elemend of prytan ot wel as the vlgy than conn tete the comp. utabion- pple? oq. para Func ced prigramering ‘structured eg i opject_ oriented rv. Nitsa pryramming, “Wntynel based 4 a. Uoittachaell 4 u Ike the prgeumoion fle in wh Single conbinew dTocks~ aUntrackered — prgramming baquage every velie on etecston plow bate 5 GST) Hab vave_und. ap fees Jecbuns d- tele. «3 ich. preyram coder are combined in el Che 2, ”. it is a_style in which Gdatemen® are manner Joy Minimise a0 ere ogarived no. spea fie — Th Pugrammer_ divides @ prgram sutr@ tode mb be fealy Shea chow chums a ade. Tho mate it ey A agency read, debug anil uncrs te j J vu Y Ure fra gan 24 objet _oiented _pgyrameriny paratiqen rie D4 pryrameiog aye duck wed abject design. -applicatin Y | came ute Fepammter me ® ~ jer? gfe Ala _artracbares contig of data le cul methods tha” operate_on the eta - aibect orient foes on Qyecb of amis of a ER in implement vette piece or cohcepd ef cbt s shu. Youal na _ ates aufjle in which wiser creak programme by marap lating “pogramme elements grophieally ¥4 rather that srecigfing them wring seb tk abv. called > J Viual rrareneing Manupala te sail anyrmation..and Supper” visual inbervac be ‘ i Csi abrisi cabot Cioimp less Visual ba Inkerne’ tered prgyan : “|G invowe! the ase of various Joipting ee be ererte wah —y page. for dipfrenk websites > Tne Language? are nor mal wel 4 enhance Lhe dyrare native of internek and wail of websiererxsmps Moda fe der ines SM otkused THYSAM mi 1 ggrbe defen ob de Taleo 4 & oe that define the "wags in which werd, synbois, expression and dlermtent> may be focineh And ambiaed ww thal Language = Rey af 1 of a Language Raat govern tern: ty of aoe AN any Anngege : je Harsla wow Whey ove gighametes Lal og uted fe dette | oY wrvere Re fon “ote sae Ao machine Uanpuage Jp’ puerto ay52 es) pssembUt core { yi PSreMbiey— yb Pa segyan ‘hak wie eure cade Weeden oh are ai Language nh VO te equivden machi ne ale (heck we ZAK © O Qhapar ro gaps abe igh fev ale in? padbee — GM Gedro ck see We whe bee Ge 4 i Sd } gO SB ga Eth TEE amen os gh et 17 eager & em ea rears F tae tale ae oo ge Le Ne te each a} tele ws = fin _vakepveter— tenlute the prygvam one ddetement ata are wad if bp enor_free then_txewtes the_utatement oe pn _inberpreer due tho Youbrely until te lark vtatement2— translated aad __exewted feces = enerally an satopreter Hans later and execute one stetement Lepore oe Ue next Idken an error > encountered _in_ore ote _ execu fen of pragran Sp neg turks pascal po tks te comple Hb a_prgram. that proever Panslerte pryrem leben writen ina high level lenguege be He eqimlent machine tocle ~The lompiler gereak te eepiivaleat object cole jue the ovicfurerl Source codes [LE reads thrash the suurce_prgvam cheleme by Chertement. (oh ccech covet ytotertent int maitple machine instruct: The colttinugs andl the compiler ha read Unyagh. He ante Lo partlem oA IE €nceuntee ant en : LU nu erur > encountered te compiler gererates the rd, cede ctherwve the compiler dicate: ense in te _pryram pr dele; ec ery pelles - rs 4 Seat = refeo de Ye _prgram helemenb that are created Lhe egeaner _ q text editor oy a vidual prgremainy tol in ahigh level angaage soure tees gee fet directh andentand by the machine aad Je need o Le toleepreked or Conopile = tect codelmechia the p the oulp.t fom cempliag tars Cele HE conrlains q sequere of inutuchoas back the prices undentand but ib daptrcatt fu homans tered andl arudifay 1 lifes « Log —compute ™ d cer {he pagreim Ghedd be “abe bods what PD suppisedl te wiyy Ue Yi down chefena» thd wil emble it fe giee accarede FeJuite Lilt. Bre prion whould be able de what i D suppered & witha craving ne the occurence of erred oy technical problem. 4 shoud nob interfere with func begins of the pregecim. | | | a ae 3 hie’ by Che gregram cheald Le ealy b- learty undentandpuse and hoald Le well decu mented. - . cin Earina efi BY —the pegran hold be 2ary & ammend aad heve good chrackuring ond —decsmentation. nealability— 2 ade in the prgsam whould be well tzid out anf explained using commendsie Xe uhedd Le ey & renel’ gn andovtnd € Re bytness- chilly of a. computer spitem db rest chagge ithat akap ting 1b jmbal okible configuration Hardw areliof-tware specificatia’ 10 Fructered prgramniy, Gy | PregCamting Language ardwacel SP bone Fofacemenl nay very Spending wm te machine anh oF Mie Mes J i ik i Ns o gF pRoGRomen _vevelepaen T saat fig m_develepment D4 sek of prbvesies Linelved ma sairigg ’ igs res: paoen or fyutem He jnvelwes quel ef-actirit aimed at conver design specifica ben intr executable Pe “re _gersone invelved in develpment meludes + paagremnter ppt analp+, used management €-t-e. She png rammer and sy Hem analgrt mare be enh e 5 unless Fd a th 2 pryram design and functional requirements program deve lopment life ¢yclebsn be. a Aim a series of wagesleteps invehed 19 at a compu oo they jnckde j ementTonblem specifica fvoleAntba 4 1 loyublem -SPecificg dun = 1 involves ‘den the prtlem + be solved and devcritia how 4 posi sh ola 1é deverabes the acted fanch of the popered men fr Sélving the _prblem: aH ives a hyve undertandin of the popored sge ey des%ribing pagan inputs, poesia » output and_aser ia terface ees f enersl ark. concept ios desenbes bie degace which” the ayes cempene® may te separ gnc vecomsi red = meduler prgrsiinig holps He. pryramaer & divide the whele pagsar ink lithe medal. and eéch medule > separately developed and tertedlthen te : Linsey will lime all Ghir _mediles b> form Ure comple be program 4 - -ceneeptually medule yeeenb a separation of concep and immune’ man beinasily ‘a enfarcigg bagi | coundaries btn comp net» ‘moduler pryrany ate ely & code aad debug TiPedues the program Ji ze Z Cede Gan Le vewed in other _prgeaims~ v prblem) an be uclated s. ¢ petite medule hence mating 1 £ esse i fud evs aad debug 3 Batt uP a! ~ Me vefen te thestyle ot pre Kaamtieg .wltye cin. -applica tM > cons Hite * cihatdoy with the extisting j constricky gredialyy more and mete complicated seatare ave added urdl be “appliaahen 1D _empleter ~ Inia Lethm up apprech he iedindual daved wees at the dyke se ad opecifiel. wo great cleteil, thd element» aretha Unwed to a la the obater, 4 Ke Ls fg Seeded ie a age pte Jim COED gee mite? ep 4 a prpramming hanquage ae | to cplenty and cempleteness” _ stn Ahir appcach erhng tx sipifetl ancl —peaces of prygeaa wridhn de bbe tare general Chur mere rewsuble than peace! of pay ram swrithn in hp dewn- 4 Tp deur design i Theo Ye cppsile of det up sapponch [E73 aly krewn a estepute refinement o deducbve reason) Ina bp dawn appriach 4 formulated tart net debising aay lee of seal stem « ~ Back sabasyitem then aleginel in yet greater details and. some times inf mary qdeifienal sab sptem, und the entwe petition ton vedlced b&b dase elemento 6 me Tee dwn mocale DP _often spectiel with the awistance of black bax. tn mater ib easier -& manaplite Wwever lace bexes ma fal & indicate elementely mechanive or Ye detail encaph & vealobrcaly validate Uy module - : = Tp duu apprach utar with a bigger pictare which » dwkin dios from there ints smaller segments Vompenert ~ Top down appwach ws pometed y M76 yf 1@m ralearchea C Marla ‘mille sinteos worth) -s-Data driven pg ramming medel were the dete _rtvelf contol the plow of ~The D4 prig camer fhe prgram aad’ “nok the Pag ram begre a ~ “Mis model centro the ple Ly offering ck ftremt.. decbe sets b Ye Pryan vee the prgram logre saacge vate. generte form of fleas cr bf-utabe change ar have a pry ram thet has i states apy down spp ctarts Eee fea can ental the Lhe glade” wep Dun step Star ave wel, 4s Fepectan_acten as (eng a1 Some weadttira: holds tae: ey sudente marks . Punt all ghulen& are completed, Brame of question Wing pyegdoudes- Bznple\ p-mecdotole of a program te find the avea ef-a fectagyie d Shak 2) Real, Lyw v calle Rolew 4 oukpul asec Ss kp ' eens : “A pstudecede of prgram ind He pwclic& and sum of boo nambas Start 2 Read Num ijquer Sum = Mums +nume & oubpet sum sprdect snum xnum2 + A € cutpt product Fest rE an Ke af ere nt te utes ait | |p preudecede b find pe sam of two Member. oo the.£am_72 q gvealty.. than 1a 7 nae tre veratts deg « f TP dinde the veut by sustar’ alnpue 7 _staleu late sum =ate _ ep —ALf Sum? Leo then Reals Sum xd Wass _ Fhe tf sun 4 too Hen prerule = Sam/2 aoubput results quznd Buon ¢ 7 Medes bee preudoede of a prgram find or Spo Meisin teored by a utadent, find re average and then grade the Shudenk based onthe fallewing gradivg system. wet oe ‘ Bo- tee o-14 bo -€9 So -s7 Ag tq O-34 petaming the utuclenE or start f Angut, P16)C,0,E) F : 4 Caltulate Sumaatwictdter f A ss outpub yerulb’ | calculate average Ver = Ss Mails San tt average mis F0-(c0 then frade = melee Tf averye P “to=Tg. then 4 Grade = else. rf averare Ws be-6q Yen + = Grade =e ae tf_average 1 5054 Hon | Grade = hs | ue Tf average Hele then ait te Grades @ ele if werage w ost Hen | rade E output gr iste Flew chavb Prowthut 6 a graph Veprasenabsn of alg bom « gree + |Gffem use tt as a prageam — lenny det Saas publ We tates ce ef Symbsis wih are Gamat Ormco ham Undue the ofl Of mfarmohen 4 fressicg "There. ave many byte of flow charts the main” tommn in ciudeS 1 gystem flew cat Vi fingrim flew chai - oil neces " teqaiteme sheuld Le tel atitoa Logie odes = The flaw “cha? vhetd be cleo neat anh veqy & foibe i Shesl) be ne Yom for ambiyeby in andro tending the lia chat = The asual divechon of flaw of & procedure? ex Hatem P fom ud wonght Tp & buthon =] ony. ona flow. heat come cute. tes? ty) ay oul line Sh 0 f a prules ayn the “9 } — process - wed Peprelent 4 peter 6y cree or_moe pra bone cx dake in the fpogvam ey Aree = Mey ical_tfask andfinah_ a ty FeWiag Ltntsre teak afl —chosk haa Lk pee fal-avert the valedi Ge” past ls cpl est wa i — coxgosals wed Sin fleas? chaste al fa The aleve aynsel indicales aly of He — fragrant — Bees used 4 indicate the inpul.s) or cutput ers protese ama ay —pegram aaa decisi¢®~ used 4 show where a lecision.» 42 te made ttn due or_mare —altynative* poe oS - %& onda for deciuton Mating 12 ner maty hewn dae had ym while the Lines chews the passe Fest ey Mares 780 Es wed A sph Large fli —charts oe pats pues peered ty human being ]} te oe fal memehic daw 2¢ (L= magnehe tepe (CO piled 1h CO spy : orument LA Aoverkes ~fisshed ga vbrage \/ Yen — au makng Craze. rede fied pruces!~ one ov more cperations|ateps tht sre yen fied che whteey sub resbinelmedab- . Beopl t fr flow char fr apapsan & Caleulede ponmedey of 4 tectang? , j flow charl thet pump the try erby 2 numbers Lealake the sam tp the sum is ijrtaler Preba than tev, mulbyy, | the eet by aand yf the Sam Wheat than ter divide the Jun Yr vera — Ei th ites ate) Pesume evr} employe ge @ hese allewane of Rod banc pe : Q ‘ VY Lhsse earning maxe— than le;e0_mast page Gat 0f bot, genera a fle chart 6 campule. the net pay cmt Hints Mel pay epeal basic Pat Allewune— bar Met Pay = GPE n= “Teac tehudent depending onthe average markt. Urs cludent ae fa Marks + gate ovty 80 (b= 4 8 Ga ie Sv -S 4 ah 4e-— 44 & Lite fail cs ~ Fhe following Eable sammaiter a Ch plea Salnsliccn, Jno teas mi plage Salar cm porcatee hax deducted J salary | Tae declur fed Ze |_0 (0, (m= 20,0 | (6% 2e,qu- Stan |, 15 % cover San Evoy empley eo ge addifienal ranipert allewinte of tee of Bcc salig Given Wink = Me £ setar | Fenerate a fies stalary balkewane Eat = chart compte the net Salary a) prabist | Generate a flow chard tho is JP pried Yea grades fg port cede ashavt : aa tnput Salary — am : Lf Saley. —Lloperathen Fae sO canis tf salary 21050 Hon ou Oat Tan=salary Kte2e Uf satay Roy cov. Groh. out pat Toh. =salary x 15 Me. Y Salary 78 0 then = ouul Tax = valay X 20% Caliale salary + alwane— Tae ost put slat pay Calculate milew ane = det pay XC % Cabal alleware oe] tela leayg = Alo Cray alleuye abel dob salad obp. i | | advantages op plow! chart fled Chav. Vy coment cece flew cheek ave Very goed Vidal _cemmusicaiin cle ins t i} feeive analys 7 eta | 4 Ahoy afe ede Que print of a pugram that tan be cued be@rdewn | prgrams ante dedeiled pa spor lady } TH) peper prugram —cemmumcatten plow charld jee 50) Pregame menike | tack? needed for Vanaw. Yewsns" STRucturep chaaty - whachired charb ina swflicar® engineering VU 4ho chat which hie? the. dreaxdewn cha bts lowest mangquble loeb “They ave wed in abiclured prgeameiag © anage to the pagar m medulel Ina mov undastatle wey” cS +14 well_tepreented ina te Rractare which viteelae Che lah hin Imedates” HR abuctared chart aa bp dawn medal ceggn tool vilin He design stage the chart > dream and wed a a ey fr cliente end varioy? seojlvare designed be &mmanicalt ~The chart may depst the fellewiag clang implementa Oy The sire are) complencty of Bhe yutem G) Me of Headlly. ren bifiable functor” and medel within exch oan chine ©) W hath ecach iden frable fancken 2.4 marayabte ently or wheatha it | Gheald be Graken gewn n& rmalies campine® ~| bata flew diegrams Cope) ave forms ef obractved chard? \ : Lemporeb of DL 4 » foo _are_centyacked uving fou major —ampenet (ciel ae ee a: Dale ctre =” a fase ——0. & Data flow ~ | Ckrnal entities fod Ee eerie They vepreent the seurte papules al tipabion the prod a They ate ale _the destination of agutems deta: 1 i os can therefore be called data chores outside the pen —| “they are _represented by stepnares pales ee. _ 21 naka udores [= x1 Pres CO “iB proces represents actwekes in which datas manvplated dy Seis cetored_ec_sebleved ov transfered in some wags a obher word. ~ pas brace form— the inpyt_data inde _cutput dates sh fess vepteended. 4 a citcler aot eta oN ti Nata flaw 2. eee ate the movement _of- date fom ane_componet be ancther- -An arow. 2 wed Pf thew dada in Metton = date flows ave [Link] as ene sr tipi) a dete Plo din Felornal enfities “ave hewn ad Hed lines - | pected “Taste : = Ea graphical. es! sox describing elementary qreserby hasty leon. | band logical decisions. anfocm of a table ~lb Ww ased in deamaastratiny dhe effect of 4 paces tran ack ia 4 plonei@ Mannes> - clpe_dec.sion_datle P_ mace sup of foxy far” L mule canditien enbrlies aye devtvibed by Yer yer wea) ~pebon enbries are defined Ly @ check mav(W~) ex. cross stignl ) ~The numberof tondition delermine? two tumber ef Yates alum) 3 Pre anditien eng seh Ms of raler= on hahere N zee ef condi binw | T Cenditions ave pub Inferm of -quartteas 7 | Lacan ples The table below handles the ubelemeat” “tb rans ov van predicld camy ain umbrella” Ane chetement specify certain action Ceitter camy ov de nie camyp (0 umbretle) & Le taten depenchiag en a certain. Zendiber! Gpie YEN or vain ws predicted) is his ¢qn Je, L. b, lew) Necidion tele Tins can Le repre eee dlecilea ddl ) - ule 4 - Rule > Rule Cenditten fed | OY [8 N ieee ba : Pw ey Te : pnedien eee | ence a ae cbse | pow eee | x a Unsdracken ave normaly written in an _orderd la cemputection which _ [Jha 12 4 weit defined tol of tnrbuchens Lhed an be we) bo ipecforml complete a tasis Nene nn _algorithin begin pam an inal sitade with te Invtiuction desig porceeder Lhaugh well — slate aad) ~ | —leventuctly. Kermascting the final head vterle. cf =| ramp __ dit, = ae - {dite an algorithm thal can bee) bcalcalale Bo ave a 1@ _ Gecle i ee poo 4 solu Hon’, 1 Uedty TE end “veda and xf ii Wr ewe de formiler Cx 2 I") Wi square ty va dias ww) ral Gply . vesules uy the TT v Mt yest” ~ ye dhaeke “dade aa Leigh 2. lek ana gent of eleing en - feteaabn —4ax*t hot cud Sola Eten | ef ace and sum 7 Qusubititde the tue numbers_by bh — t brace l tach half of the equitian 4 check the common halt. th equitton sblimiagt ere ef the similar egus ten 6: The vemalalie tyes Lua tiene, equliste Ehem with of 2 3 Alena Miden tify us tombe that when adekel By gues da produc put the like terme fe jethos Pubpié the revulta" AX [WH nig Detiwicd Teeey ye Kinary Tree = 0 Minary ee a fyge of deer Ya of sg dak sshuehiein ” which “each rule has abmert fos. chiklven bela as, leg chp Tre | jBght child Binary betes can be ysed_4s mplemnen t earchiag and sothay of ecterda | Peet of a Sina ny Tee =o errs : ABCD E€: 1 ‘en LEAL coe ea CB PALE GH: athe — =m binary bee cons of a numberof nodes’ ‘ ~, cach pede Nermally cendain) value which 1) seme sort of data tem 4 p. 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