எண் எழுத்து இகழேல்

PREVIOUS YEAR

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 INDEX
PAGE
S. NO TOPICS
NO

1. BASICS 03
2. WEIGHTED AVERAGE 04
3. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 06
4. PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 09

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Definition of Average (Arithmetic Mean)

The average, or more precisely, the arithmetic mean, represents the central tendency of a
dataset. It is calculated by summing all the values within the dataset and dividing this sum by
the total number of values.
(𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬)
Average =
(𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬)

For instance, if the ages of five individuals are 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 years, their average age is
calculated as:

Average Age = (20 + 25 + 30 + 35 + 40) / 5 = 150 / 5 = 30 years

Basic Applications of Averages

Averages find wide-ranging applications across diverse fields:

Demographics: Determining the average age of a population, the average family size, etc.

Academics: Calculating the average score of students in an examination, the average

marks in a subject, etc.

Meteorology: Computing the average rainfall in a region, the average temperature over a
period, etc.

Economics: Finding the average income of individuals in a city, the average price of
commodities, etc.

Sports: Calculating the average runs scored by a batsman, the average speed of a runner,
etc.

Data Analysis: Finding the average sales, average production, etc.

Key Concepts Related to Averages

A deeper understanding of averages requires familiarity with the following related concepts:

Sum = Average × Number of Values: This is a direct rearrangement of the basic average
formula and is extremely useful in solving many problems. For example, if the average salary
of 10 employees is Rs. 25,000, then the total salary of all 10 employees is 25,000 * 10 = Rs.
250,000.

Change in Average:

Addition of a New Value: When a new value is added to a dataset, the average changes.

If the new value is greater than the original average, the new average will be higher.

If the new value is less than the original average, the new average will be lower.

If the new value is equal to the original average, the average will remain unchanged.

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 Removal of a Value: Similarly, removing a value also affects the average.

If the removed value is greater than the original average, the new average will be lower.

If the removed value is less than the original average, the new average will be higher.

If the removed value is equal to the original average, the average will remain unchanged.

Weighted Average:

In many situations, different values in a dataset may have varying degrees of importance or
frequency. This importance or frequency is referred to as the 'weight' of the value. The weighted
average accounts for these weights.

Weighted Average = (Sum of (Value × Weight)) / (Sum of Weights)

For example, consider a student who scores 80 in Mathematics (weight 4), 90 in Physics
(weight 3), and 70 in Chemistry (weight 3). The weighted average score is:

Weighted Average = (80 * 4 + 90 * 3 + 70 * 3) / (4 + 3 + 3) = (320 + 270 + 210) / 10 = 80

Here, the weights represent the credit hours for each subject.

Average Speed: Average speed is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the
total time taken.

Average Speed = (Total Distance Travelled) / (Total Time Taken)

A crucial point to remember is that if an object travels equal distances at different speeds, the
average speed is not simply the arithmetic mean of the speeds. In such cases, the harmonic
mean is used.

Average of Consecutive Numbers: For a series of consecutive numbers (which form

an arithmetic progression), the average is:

The middle number, if the number of terms is odd. For example, the average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
is 3.

The average of the two middle numbers, if the number of terms is even. For example, the
average of 1, 2, 3, 4 is (2+3)/2 = 2.5

Common Problem Types

Questions related to averages can be broadly classified into the following categories:

Direct Average Calculation: Finding the average of a given set of values.

Finding a Missing Value: Determining an unknown value when the average and other
values are provided.

Problems Involving Changes in Average: Calculating the new average after adding,
removing, or replacing values.

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 Weighted Average Problems: Solving problems that involve values with different weights or
frequencies.

Average Speed Problems: Calculating average speed for journeys with varying speeds and
distances.

Averages of Consecutive Numbers: Problems involving finding averages of arithmetic

progressions.

AVERAGE FORMULAE

(𝐧+𝟏)
Average of first n natural numbers is =
𝟐

((𝐧+𝟏) (𝟐𝐧+𝟏))
Average of squares of first n natural numbers=
𝟔

[ 𝐧(𝐧+𝟏) ²]
Average of cubes of first n natural numbers =
𝟒

[𝟐 (𝐧+𝟏)(𝟐𝐧+𝟏)]
Average of squares of first n even numbers =
𝟑

Average of cube of first n even numbers = 2n(n+1)²

Average of first n consecutive odd numbers = n

Average of first n even numbers = n+1

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. The mean weight of 150 students in a class is 60 kg. The mean weight of boys in the
class is 70 kg and that of girls is 55 kg. What is the ratio of number of boys to number
of girls?
a) 1 : 2
b) 1 : 1
c) 2 : 1
d) 2 : 3

2. The arithmetic mean of n numbers is M. If the sum of first (n - 1) terms is k, then what
is the nth number?
a) M – k
b) nM – k
c) n(M – k)
d) M – nk

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The average of four numbers 10, 15, 20 and 25 is 17-5.
2. If a, b and c are three different natural numbers such that a + b + c = abc then the
average of a, b and c is 3.
Select the answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. The average weight of 40 students is 40 kg. If the weight of the teacher 122 kg is also
included, then the average weight will become
a) 41 kg
b) 42 kg
c) 40 kg
d) 45 kg

5. The average salary of employees in TCS is Rs. 20,000. The average salary of
managers being Rs. 40,000 and the management trainees being Rs. 5000. The total
number of workers could be
a) 350
b) 300
c) 100
d) 500

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6. A man had ten children. When their average age was 15 years a child aged 6 years
dies. The average age of remaining 9 children is
a) 16 years
b) 17 years
c) 13 years
d) 15 years

7. The average age of 10 men is increased by 3 years when one of them, whose age is
54 years is replaced by a woman. What is the age of the woman?
a) 68 years
b) 82 years
c) 72 years
d) 84 years

8. Gowtham Gambir has a batting average of 40 runs per innings in 15 ODIs. It was
found that in the 2 ODI match series against South Africa (which were part of his first
15 ODIs), his average score was 40 not 80. What was his correct average?
a) 35.44
b) 34.66
c) 38.66
d) 39.77

9. A batsman makes a score of 40 runs in the 5th inning and thus increases his average
by 4. Find the possible value of the new average.
a) 28
b) 2
c) 12
d) 20

10. The average of 50 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater
than zero?
a) None
b) 50
c) 49
d) Any two

11. Find the average of the first ten prime numbers, which are odd.
a) 12.9
b) 36
c) 13.8
d) 15.8

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12. The average weight of 10 men is decreased by 5 kg when, one of them weighing 100
kg is replaced by another person. This new person is again replaced by another
person, whose weight is 10 kg lower than the person he replaced. What is the overall
change in the average due to this dual change?
a) 5 kg
b) 6 kg
c) 12 kg
d) 15 kg

13. The mean temperature of Monday to Wednesday was 35˚C and of Tuesday to
Thursday was 30˚C. If the temperature on Thursday was ½ that of Monday, Then what
is the temperature on Thursday?
a) 30˚C
b) 15˚C
c) 20˚C
d) 25˚C

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 AVERAGE
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
1. A student on her first 3 tests received an average score of N points. If she exceeds her
previous average score by 20 points on her fourth test, then what is the average score
for the first 4 tests? [2011]
a) N + 2
b) N + 10
c) N + 4
d) N + 5

2. Directions for the following 4 (four) items: The following graph shows the average
profit of two fruit-sellers A and B in thousands (Rs.) per year from the year 1995 to
2000. Consider the graph and answer the 4 (four) items that follow:

In which year is the average profit of A and B same?

a) 1995
b) 1996
c) 1997
d) 1998

3. What is the difference between the average profit of B and A in the year 1998?
a) - Rs. 100
b) - Rs. 1,000
c) + Rs. 600
d) - Rs. 300

4. How much more average profit did A make in the year 2000 than in the year 1999?
a) Rs. 200
b) Rs. 1,000
c) Rs. 1,500
d) Rs. 2,000

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5. What is the trend of the average profit of B from the year 1997 to the year 2000?
a) Non-increasing
b) Non -decreasing
c) Steady
d) Fluctuating

6. The following table shows the marks obtained by two students in different subjects:
[2014]

The difference in the mean aggregate percentage marks of the students is

a) 2.5%
b) 13.75%
c) 1.25%
d) Zero

7. The graph below depicts the earnings of A and B over the period 2000 to 2010: [2015]

From the graph, which one of the following can be concluded?

a) On the average A earned more than B during this period.
b) On the average B earned more than A during this period.
c) The earnings of A and B were equal during this period.
d) The earnings of A were less as compared to B during this period.

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8. The average monthly income of a person in a certain family of 5 is Rs. 10,000. What
will be the average monthly income of a person in the same family if the income of
one person increased by Rs. 1,20,000 per year? [2016]
a) Rs. 12,000
b) Rs. 16,000
c) Rs. 20,000
d) Rs. 34,000

9. Suppose the average weight of 9 persons is 50 kg. The average weight of the first 5
persons is 45 kg, whereas the average weight of the last 5 persons is 55 kg. Then the
weight of the 5th person will be [2017]
a) 45 kg
b) 47.5 kg
c) 50 kg
d) 52.5 Kg

10. There are thirteen 2-digit consecutive odd numbers. If 39 is the mean of the first live
such numbers, then what is the mean of all the thirteen numbers? [2017]
a) 47
b) 49
c) 51
d) 45

11. The average rainfall in a city for the first four days was recorded to be 0.40 inch. The
rainfall on the last two days was in the ratio of 4 : 3. The average of six days was 0.50
inch. What was the rainfall on the fifth day? [2017]
a) 0.60 inch
b) 0.70 inch
c) 0.80 inch
d) 0.90 inch

12. Average hourly earnings per year (E) of the workers in a firm are represented in
figures A and B as follows : [2018]

a) values of E are different

b) ranges (i.e., the difference between the maximum and the minimum) of E are
different
c) slopes of the graphs are same
d) rates of increase of E are different

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13. The average marks of 100 students are given to be 40. It was found later that marks
of one student were 53 which were misread as 83. The corrected mean marks are
[2019]
a) 39
b) 39.7
c) 40
d) 40.3

14. Sunita cuts a sheet of paper into three pieces. Length of first piece is equal to the
average of the three single digit odd prime numbers. Length of the second piece is
equal to that of the first plus one-third the length of the third. The third piece is as
long as the other two pieces together. The length of the original sheet of paper is
[2019]
a) 13 units
b) 15 units
c) 16 units
d) 30 units

15. A family has two children along with their parents. The average of the weights of the
children and their mother is 50 kg. The average of the weights of the children and
their father is 52 kg. If the weight of the father is 60 kg, then what is the weight of the
mother? [2019]
a) 48 kg
b) 50 kg
c) 52 kg
d) 54 kg

16. The average age of a teacher and three students is 20 years. If all three students are
of same age and the difference between the age of the teacher and each student is
20 years, then what is the age of the teacher? [2020]
a) 25 years
b) 30 years
c) 35 years
d) 45 years

17. The average score of a batsman after his 50th innings was 46.4. After 60th innings,
his average Score increases by 2.6. What was his average score in the last ten
innings?
a) 122
b) 91
c) 62
d) 49

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18. Consider the following data:

What is the value of x in the above table?

a) 7.8
b) 7.6
c) 7.4
d) 7.2

19. In a class, there are three groups A, B and C. If one student from group A and two
students from group B are shifted to group C, then what happens to the average
weight of the students of the class? [2020]
a) It increases.
b) It decreases.
c) It remains the same.
d) No conclusion can be drawn due to insufficient data.

20. There are two Classes A and B having 25 and 30 students respectively.
In Class – A the highest score is 21 and lowest score is 17.
In Class-B the highest score is 30 and lowest score is 22.
Four students are shifted from Class-A to Class-B. [2021]
Consider the following statements:
1. The average score of Class-B will definitely decrease.
2. The average score of Class-A will definitely increase.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

21. The average weight of A, B, C is 40 kg. the average weight of B, D, E is 42 kg and the
weight of F is equal to that of B What is the average weight of A, B, C, D, E and F? [2022]
a) 40.5 kg
b) 40.8 kg
c) 41 kg
d) Cannot be determined as data is inadequate

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22. For five children with ages a<b<c<d< e; any two successive ages differ by 2 years.
Question: What is the age of the youngest child?
Statement-1: The age of the eldest is 3 times the youngest.
Statement-2: The average age of the children is 8 years.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the
Statements?
a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot.
be answered using the other Statement alone.
b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone.
c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but
cannot be answered using either Statement alone.
d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together.

23. Consider the following:

Weight of 6 boys = Weight of 7 girls
Weight of 3 men = Weight of 4 women
If the average weight of the women is 63 kg, then what is the average weight of the
boys?(2024)
a) 40 kg
b) 42 kg
c) 45 kg
d) 63 kg

24. A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and
the Statements. (2024)
Question:
If the average marks in a class are 60, then what is the number of students in the
class?
Statement - I:
The highest marks in the class are 70 and the lowest marks are 50.
Statement - II:
Exclusion of highest and lowest marks from the class does not change the average.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the
Statements?
a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot.
be answered using the other Statement alone.
b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone.
c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but
cannot be answered using either Statement alone.
d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together.

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25. The average of three numbers p, q and r is k. p is as much more than the average as
q is less than the average. What is the value of r? (2025)
a) k
b) k - 1
c) k + 1
d) k/2

ANSWER KEY

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A

11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. C 20.A

21. C 22. B 23. B 24.D 25. A

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