Human Reproduction
1. Name the hormone responsible for ovulation.
Answer: LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
2. Where does fertilization occur in humans?
Answer: Ampullary-isthmic junction of fallopian tube.
3. Name the male gamete.
Answer: Sperm
4. What is implantation?
Answer: Attachment of blastocyst to uterine wall is called implantation.
5. Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
Answer: Progesterone
6. Name the hormone secreted by Leydig cells.
Answer: Testosterone
7. What is the function of Sertoli cells?
Answer: Nourish developing sperms.
8. What is lactation?
Answer: Production of milk after childbirth.
9. Which hormone stimulates milk ejection?
Answer: Oxytocin
10. Define capacitation.
Answer: Functional maturation of sperms inside female reproductive tract.
Male Reproductive System
2 MARK QUESTIONS
11. Write two functions of placenta.
Answer:
1. Supplies nutrients and oxygen to foetus
2. Removes wastes from foetus
12. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Spermatogenesis Oogenesis
Formation of sperms Formation of ova
Occurs in testes Occurs in ovaries
13. Differentiate between Sertoli cells and Leydig cells.
Sertoli Cells Leydig Cells
Nourish sperms Secrete testosterone
Present inside seminiferous tubules Present between tubules
14. Mention two functions of amniotic fluid.
Answer:
1. Protects foetus from shock
2. Maintains temperature
15. Write functions of testes.
Answer:
1. Produce sperms
2. Secrete testosterone
16. What are the functions of FSH and LH?
Hormone Function
FSH Stimulates follicle growth
LH Causes ovulation
17. What is corpus luteum? Mention its function.
Answer:
Corpus luteum is formed after ovulation.
It secretes progesterone.
Female Reproductive System
3 MARK QUESTIONS
18. Explain spermatogenesis.
Answer:
Spermatogenesis is formation of sperms in seminiferous tubules.
Steps:
1. Spermatogonia divide by mitosis
2. Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis
3. Spermatids formed
4. Spermatids transform into sperms
19. Explain oogenesis.
Answer:
Oogenesis is formation of ovum in ovary.
Steps:
1. Oogonia form primary oocyte
2. Meiosis begins before birth
3. Secondary oocyte formed after puberty
4. Ovum formed after fertilization
Gametogenesis
20. Explain menstrual cycle briefly.
Answer:
Menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days.
Phases:
1. Menstrual phase
2. Follicular phase
3. Ovulation
4. Luteal phase
If fertilization does not occur, menstruation occurs.
21. Explain fertilization in humans.
Answer:
Fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote is called fertilization.
Site:
Ampullary-isthmic junction of fallopian tube.
22. Explain implantation.
Answer:
Blastocyst attaches to endometrium of uterus 6–7 days after fertilization.
23. Explain cleavage.
Answer:
Rapid mitotic divisions of zygote forming blastomeres are called cleavage.
24. What is blastocyst?
Answer:
Blastocyst is embryo stage having:
Trophoblast
Inner cell mass
Blastocoel
Fertilization & Implantation
25. Explain placenta and its functions.
Answer:
Placenta is vascular connection between mother and foetus.
Functions:
Nutrition
Respiration
Excretion
Hormone secretion
26. Why is placenta called endocrine tissue?
Answer:
Because it secretes hormones like:
hCG
Estrogen
Progesterone
27. What are functions of umbilical cord?
Answer:
Connects foetus with placenta and transports nutrients and oxygen.
Placenta & Pregnancy
Structure of Sperm
28. Draw labelled structure of sperm.
Labels:
Head
Acrosome
Nucleus
Middle piece
Tail
29. Why are mitochondria numerous in middle piece?
Answer:
To provide energy for sperm movement.
Menstrual Cycle
30. Why does menstruation occur?
Answer:
Due to degeneration of endometrium when fertilization does not occur.
MOST REPEATED 5 MARK QUESTIONS
31. Describe male reproductive system.
Parts:
Testes
Accessory ducts
Glands
External genitalia
Functions:
Sperm production
Testosterone secretion
32. Describe female reproductive system.
Parts:
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Functions:
Ovum production
Fertilization
Development of foetus
33. Explain menstrual cycle with hormonal control.
Hormones:
FSH
LH
Estrogen
Progesterone
Events:
Follicle growth
Ovulation
Corpus luteum formation
Menstruation
34. Explain fertilization and implantation.
Steps:
1. Fusion of gametes
2. Zygote formation
3. Cleavage
4. Blastocyst formation
5. Implantation in uterus
35. Explain pregnancy and embryonic development.
Steps:
1. Fertilization
2. Cleavage
3. Blastocyst formation
4. Implantation
5. Placenta formation
6. Foetal development
MOST IMPORTANT NCERT DIAGRAMS TO PRACTICE
1. Male reproductive system
2. Female reproductive system
3. Structure of sperm
4. Seminiferous tubule
5. Graafian follicle
6. Placenta
7. Blastocyst
8. Menstrual cycle graph
9. Spermatogenesis
10. Oogenesis