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Keywords

The document provides a cheat sheet for recognizing key probability concepts and their corresponding rules or formulas. It includes keywords and phrases associated with various probability models such as the Complement Rule, Addition Rule, and Conditional Probability. Additionally, it outlines a flow for approaching probability questions by identifying keywords and applying the appropriate formulas.

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mdaliarman370
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6 views2 pages

Keywords

The document provides a cheat sheet for recognizing key probability concepts and their corresponding rules or formulas. It includes keywords and phrases associated with various probability models such as the Complement Rule, Addition Rule, and Conditional Probability. Additionally, it outlines a flow for approaching probability questions by identifying keywords and applying the appropriate formulas.

Uploaded by

mdaliarman370
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Keywords / Phrases Rule / Model Formula / Action

not, complement, Complement Rule (P(A') = 1 - P(A))


opposite, fails, none
or, either, at least one of Addition Rule (Union) 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
A or B
mutually exclusive, Mutually Exclusive Events P(A ∩ B) = 0, therefore P(A ∪ B)
cannot occur together, = P(A) + P(B)
disjoint
and, both Intersection 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
given that, knowing that, Conditional Probability 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ⋂ 𝐵)
𝐏( 𝐀 ∣ 𝐁 ) =
if it is known that 𝑃 (𝐵)
probability of A given B Conditional Probability 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝐏( 𝐀 ∣ 𝐁 ) =
𝑃 (𝐵)
independent, no effect Independence 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐀)𝐏(𝐁)
on, unaffected by
independent Independence Check 𝐏(𝐀 ∣ 𝐁) = 𝐏(𝐀)
independent Independence Check 𝐏(𝐁 ∣ 𝐀) = 𝐏(𝐁)
first...then, followed by, Tree Diagram Draw tree, multiply along branches
successive events
two-stage experiment, Tree Diagram Multiply along branches, add
repeated selection required outcomes
with replacement, Sampling with Probabilities remain the same
replaced Replacement
without replacement, not Sampling without Probabilities change after each
replaced Replacement selection
sample space, all Sample Space Diagram / List all outcomes systematically
possible outcomes Table
overlap, common to both Venn Diagram / Use 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
Intersection
in A or B, union Venn Diagram / Union Use 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁)
in neither A nor B Complement of Union 𝟏 − 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁)
only A Venn Diagram 𝐏(𝐀) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
only B Venn Diagram 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
random, selected at Probability Context Only No formula chosen yet; look for
random, chosen at stronger keywords
random
equally likely outcomes Basic Probability 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
all possible outcomes Sample Space Count outcomes systematically
The 7 Most Important Recognition Keywords
If you remember only these first, you'll solve most S1 Probability questions:

Keyword Think Immediately


not Complement
or Addition Rule
and Intersection
given that Conditional Probability
independent Independence
with/without replacement Tree Diagram
mutually exclusive No Overlap

Exam Decision Flow


Read Question
↓
Find Keyword
↓
not → Complement

or → Addition Rule

given that → Conditional Probability

independent → Independence

with/without replacement → Tree Diagram

mutually exclusive → No Overlap

sample space → List Outcomes

overlap → Venn Diagram


↓
Apply Formula
↓
Solve

This table is a recognition cheat sheet, not a replacement for practice. Its purpose is exactly what
you struggle with in Probability: seeing a question and quickly identifying the correct model.

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