University of Southern Punjab

Department of Computer Science and IT

Course Title: Programming Fundamentals

Assignment Topic: Format Specifiers (10 Marks)
Submitted By: ___________________________
Registration No: ___________________________
Section: BSCS 1st / BSIT 1st
Submission Date: 21 APR 2026 / 23 APR 2026

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Assignment: Format Specifiers (10 Marks)

Question No. 1 (CLO1/C2)

Point out the errors in the following programs if any, and display the correct output.

Part (a):
Original Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int code, flag;
if ( code == 1 & flag == 0 )
printf ( "The eagle has landed\n" );
return 0;
}

Error Found:
The condition uses a single & (bitwise AND) instead of && (logical AND). The correct
operator for combining two logical conditions in C is &&.

Corrected Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int code = 1, flag = 0;
if ( code == 1 && flag == 0 )
printf ( "The eagle has landed\n" );
return 0;
}
Output:
The eagle has landed

Part (b):
Original Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 10, j = 20;
if ( i = 5 ) && if ( j = 10 )
printf ( "Have a nice day\n" );
return 0;
}

Errors Found:
1. The if condition uses = (assignment) instead of == (comparison).
2. The two conditions are written as two separate if statements joined by && which is a
syntax error. They must be combined inside a single if statement.

Corrected Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 10, j = 20;
if ( i == 5 && j == 10 )
printf ( "Have a nice day\n" );
return 0;
}

Output:
(No output, because i is 10 and j is 20, so the condition is false.)

Part (c):
Original Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, w, x, y, z;
w = i || j && k;
x = i && j || k;
y = i || j || k;
z = i && j && k;
printf("w=%d x=%d y=%d z=%d\n", w, x, y, z);
return 0;
}
Error Analysis:
No syntax errors in part (c). The program is correct. The output depends on operator
precedence: && binds tighter than ||.

Step-by-step Evaluation:
i = 4 (true), j = -1 (true), k = 0 (false)
w = i || (j && k) = true || (true && false) = true || false = 1
x = (i && j) || k = (true && true) || false = true || false = 1
y = i || j || k = true || true || false = 1
z = i && j && k = true && true && false = 0

Output:
w=1 x=1 y=1 z=0

Question No. 2 (CLO2/C3)

Write a program to check whether a triangle is valid or not. A triangle is valid if the sum of
all three angles equals 180 degrees.

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input angle1, angle2, angle3
Step 3: Calculate sum = angle1 + angle2 + angle3
Step 4: If sum == 180, display 'Valid Triangle'
Else display 'Invalid Triangle'
Step 5: Stop

Program (C):
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int angle1, angle2, angle3, sum;

printf("Enter the three angles of the triangle: ");

scanf("%d %d %d", &angle1, &angle2, &angle3);

sum = angle1 + angle2 + angle3;

if(sum == 180)
printf("The triangle is Valid.\n");
else
printf("The triangle is Invalid.\n");
 return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter the three angles of the triangle: 60 60 60
The triangle is Valid.

Question No. 3 (CLO2/C3)

A certain grade of steel is graded according to the following conditions:
i. Hardness must be greater than 50
ii. Carbon must be less than 0.7
iii. Tensile strength must be greater than 5600

Grades: 10 (all three), 9 (i & ii), 8 (ii & iii), 7 (i & iii), 6 (only one), 5 (none).

Program (C):
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float hardness, carbon, tensile;
int i, ii, iii, grade;

printf("Enter Hardness: ");

scanf("%f", &hardness);
printf("Enter Carbon content: ");
scanf("%f", &carbon);
printf("Enter Tensile Strength: ");
scanf("%f", &tensile);

i = (hardness > 50);

ii = (carbon < 0.7);
iii = (tensile > 5600);

if(i && ii && iii)

grade = 10;
else if(i && ii)
grade = 9;
else if(ii && iii)
grade = 8;
else if(i && iii)
grade = 7;
else if(i || ii || iii)
grade = 6;
else
grade = 5;
 printf("The grade of the steel is: %d\n", grade);
return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter Hardness: 55
Enter Carbon content: 0.5
Enter Tensile Strength: 6000
The grade of the steel is: 10

Question No. 4 (CLO2/C3)

The weight class of a boxer is decided per the following table:

Boxer Class Weight in Pounds

Flyweight < 115
Bantamweight 115 - 121
Featherweight 122 - 153
Middleweight 154 - 189
Heavyweight >= 190

Program (C):
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float weight;

printf("Enter weight in pounds: ");

scanf("%f", &weight);

if(weight < 115)

printf("Boxer Class: Flyweight\n");
else if(weight >= 115 && weight <= 121)
printf("Boxer Class: Bantamweight\n");
else if(weight >= 122 && weight <= 153)
printf("Boxer Class: Featherweight\n");
else if(weight >= 154 && weight <= 189)
printf("Boxer Class: Middleweight\n");
else
printf("Boxer Class: Heavyweight\n");

return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter weight in pounds: 130
Boxer Class: Featherweight
Question No. 5 (CLO2/C3)
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is defined as the ratio of the weight of a person (in kilograms)
to the square of the height (in meters). Write a program that receives weight and height as
input, calculates the BMI, and reports the BMI category.

BMI Category BMI

Starvation < 15
Anorexic 15.1 to 17.5
Underweight 17.6 to 18.5
Ideal 18.6 to 24.9
Overweight 25 to 25.9
Obese 30 to 30.9
Morbidly Obese >= 40

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input weight (kg) and height (m)
Step 3: Calculate BMI = weight / (height * height)
Step 4: Compare BMI to table ranges and display category
Step 5: Stop

Program (C):
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float weight, height, bmi;

printf("Enter weight in kilograms: ");

scanf("%f", &weight);
printf("Enter height in meters: ");
scanf("%f", &height);

bmi = weight / (height * height);

printf("Your BMI is: %.2f\n", bmi);

if(bmi < 15)

printf("BMI Category: Starvation\n");
else if(bmi <= 17.5)
printf("BMI Category: Anorexic\n");
else if(bmi <= 18.5)
printf("BMI Category: Underweight\n");
else if(bmi <= 24.9)
printf("BMI Category: Ideal\n");
else if(bmi <= 25.9)
printf("BMI Category: Overweight\n");
 else if(bmi <= 30.9)
printf("BMI Category: Obese\n");
else
printf("BMI Category: Morbidly Obese\n");

return 0;
}

Sample Output:
Enter weight in kilograms: 70
Enter height in meters: 1.75
Your BMI is: 22.86
BMI Category: Ideal

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References:
1. Brian W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, "The C Programming Language", Prentice Hall.
2. Yashavant Kanetkar, "Let Us C", BPB Publications.
3. Class Lecture Notes – Programming Fundamentals, Dept. of CS & IT, USP.

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