■ Java OOP

Practical Lab Notes

VSE-281-AID · Object Oriented Programming

Second Year AI & Data Science · 2024 Pattern · SPPU

Covers all 4 Parts · Part A · B · C · D

With complete Java code for every assignment

Savitribai Phule Pune University

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 1

Table of Contents

# Topic Part

1 A1 — Calculator with error handling A

2 A2 — E-Commerce order processing A

3 A3 — Method overloading (power & abs) A

4 A4 — Library Management System A

5 A5 — Array operations A

6 A6 — Hotel Room Booking (2D arrays) A

7 B1 — Single Inheritance B

8 B2 — Interfaces & Polymorphism B

9 B3 — Abstract Classes B

10 B4 — ATM Machine (Exception Handling) B

11 B5 — Online Shopping (Exceptions) B

12 B6 — Stock Price Monitor (Threads) B

13 B7 — Chat System (Multithreading) B

14 C1 — Employee JDBC CRUD C

15 C2 — Student JDBC CRUD C

16 D — Banking System (Mini Project) D

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 2

Part A — Classes, Objects & Arrays

Part A — Assignment 1: Calculator with Dynamic Input & Error Handling

A console calculator that reads an expression, evaluates it, and handles division-by-zero and invalid input using
try-catch.

Java Code

import [Link];

public class Calculator {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("=== Java Calculator ===");

boolean running = true;

while (running) {

try {

[Link]("Enter number1: ");

double a = [Link]([Link]().trim());

[Link]("Operator (+,-,*,/,%,exit): ");

String op = [Link]().trim();

if ([Link]("exit")) { running = false; break; }

[Link]("Enter number2: ");

double b = [Link]([Link]().trim());

double result = switch (op) {

case "+" -> a + b;

case "-" -> a - b;

case "*" -> a * b;

case "/" -> {

if (b == 0) throw new ArithmeticException("Div by zero!");

yield a / b;

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 3

 case "%" -> a % b;

default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown op: " + op);

};

[Link]("Result: %.4f%n", result);

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

[Link]("[Error] Invalid number: " + [Link]());

} catch (ArithmeticException | IllegalArgumentException e) {

[Link]("[Error] " + [Link]());

[Link]("Bye!");

■ Key concepts: switch expressions (Java 14+), NumberFormatException, ArithmeticException, while loop for continuous
input.

Part A — Assignment 2: E-Commerce Order Processing

Demonstrates multiple constructors, dynamic product input, total cost computation, discount policy, and invoice
printing.

Java Code

import [Link]; import [Link];

class Product {

String name; double price; int qty;

// Constructor 1 — default

Product() { this("Unknown", 0, 1); }

// Constructor 2 — name + price

Product(String name, double price) { this(name, price, 1); }

// Constructor 3 — all fields

Product(String name, double price, int qty) {

[Link]=name; [Link]=price; [Link]=qty;

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 4

}

double subtotal() { return price * qty; }

public String toString() {

return [Link]("%-20s Rs.%-8.2f x%d = Rs.%.2f",

name, price, qty, subtotal());

public class ECommerce {

static double applyDiscount(double total) {

if (total > 5000) return total * 0.90; // 10% off

if (total > 2000) return total * 0.95; // 5% off

return total;

public static void main(String[] args) {

ArrayList<Product> cart = new ArrayList<>();

// Pre-loaded products via constructors

[Link](new Product("Laptop Bag", 799, 1));

[Link](new Product("USB Hub", 349));

// User input

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Add product (name price qty): ");

[Link](new Product([Link](), [Link](), [Link]()));

// Invoice

double gross = [Link]().mapToDouble(Product::subtotal).sum();

double net = applyDiscount(gross);

[Link]("\n====== INVOICE ======");

[Link]([Link]::println);

[Link]("Gross: Rs.%.2f%n", gross);

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 5

 [Link]("Net : Rs.%.2f (%.0f%% discount)%n",

net, (1 - net/gross)*100);

■ Key concepts: constructor chaining with this(), ArrayList, streams, method references, printf formatting.

Part A — Assignment 3: Method Overloading — Power & Absolute Value

Overloads compute power and absolute value for int, long, float, and double. Also demonstrates Math class
static methods for comparison.

Java Code

public class MathOps {

// --- Overloaded power ---

static int power(int b, int e) { return (int)[Link](b, e); }

static long power(long b, int e) { return (long)[Link](b, e); }

static float power(float b, int e) { return (float)[Link](b, e); }

static double power(double b, int e) { return [Link](b, e); }

// --- Overloaded absolute ---

static int absolute(int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }

static long absolute(long x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }

static float absolute(float x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }

static double absolute(double x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }

public static void main(String[] args) {

[Link]("power(2,10) = " + power(2, 10));

[Link]("power(2.5,3) = " + power(2.5, 3));

[Link]("[Link](2,10)= " + [Link](2, 10));

[Link]("absolute(-42) = " + absolute(-42));

[Link]("absolute(-3.7)= " + absolute(-3.7f));

[Link]("[Link](-42) = " + [Link](-42));

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 6

 }

■ Method overloading is resolved at compile time (static polymorphism). The compiler picks the best-matching signature.

Part A — Assignment 4: Library Management System (static fields & methods)

Tracks books with a static counter. Supports add, issue, return, and view operations via a menu loop.

Java Code

import [Link]; import [Link];

class Book {

private static int totalBooks = 0;

private int id; private String title, author;

private boolean issued = false;

Book(String title, String author) {

[Link]=title; [Link]=author;

[Link] = ++totalBooks;

static int getTotalBooks() { return totalBooks; }

void issue() { issued = true; [Link](title + " issued."); }

void returnB(){ issued = false; [Link](title + " returned."); }

public String toString() {

return [Link]("[%d] %s by %s — %s",

id, title, author, issued ? "ISSUED" : "Available");

public class Library {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ArrayList<Book> shelf = new ArrayList<>();

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 7

 [Link](new Book("Clean Code", "Robert Martin"));

[Link](new Book("Head First Java", "Kathy Sierra"));

int ch;

do {

[Link]("\[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]");

ch = [Link]();

switch(ch) {

case 1 -> [Link]([Link]::println);

case 2 -> { [Link]("Book ID: ");

[Link]([Link]()-1).issue(); }

case 3 -> { [Link]("Book ID: ");

[Link]([Link]()-1).returnB(); }

case 4 -> [Link]("Total: " + [Link]());

} while(ch != 0);

■ static fields are shared across all objects. getTotalBooks() is a class-level method called on the class, not an instance.

Part A — Assignment 5: Array Operations

Performs display, max, min, sum, average, and linear search on a user-provided integer array.

Java Code

import [Link];

public class ArrayOps {

static void display(int[] a) {

[Link]("Array: ");

for(int x : a) [Link](x + " ");

[Link]();

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 8

 static int max(int[] a) { int m=a[0]; for(int x:a) if(x>m) m=x; return m; }

static int min(int[] a) { int m=a[0]; for(int x:a) if(x<m) m=x; return m; }

static int sum(int[] a) { int s=0; for(int x:a) s+=x; return s; }

static double avg(int[] a){ return (double)sum(a)/[Link]; }

static int search(int[] a, int key) {

for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++) if(a[i]==key) return i;

return -1;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter size: "); int n = [Link]();

int[] arr = new int[n];

[Link]("Enter " + n + " elements:");

for(int i=0;i<n;i++) arr[i] = [Link]();

display(arr);

[Link]("Max: " + max(arr));

[Link]("Min: " + min(arr));

[Link]("Sum: " + sum(arr));

[Link] ("Avg: %.2f%n", avg(arr));

[Link]("Search key: "); int k = [Link]();

int idx = search(arr, k);

[Link](idx>=0 ? "Found at index "+idx : "Not found");

■ for-each loop is syntactic sugar — use it for read-only traversal. Use a regular for loop when you need the index.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 9

 Part A — Assignment 6: Hotel Room Booking — 2D Arrays

Models a hotel as a 2D boolean array [floors][rooms]. Shows available/booked status and lets a user book a
specific room.

Java Code

import [Link];

public class HotelBooking {

static final int FLOORS = 3, ROOMS = 4;

static boolean[][] hotel = new boolean[FLOORS][ROOMS]; // false=available

static void showRooms() {

[Link]("\nFloor | Room1 Room2 Room3 Room4");

[Link]("------|-------------------------------");

for(int f=0; f<FLOORS; f++) {

[Link](" %d |", f+1);

for(int r=0; r<ROOMS; r++)

[Link](" %-7s", hotel[f][r] ? "BOOKED" : "Free");

[Link]();

static void bookRoom(int floor, int room) {

if(hotel[floor][room]) {

[Link]("Room already booked!");

} else {

hotel[floor][room] = true;

[Link]("Room " + (room+1) + " on Floor " + (floor+1) + " booked!");

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 10

 public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

int ch;

do {

[Link]("\[Link] Rooms [Link] Room [Link]");

ch = [Link]();

switch(ch) {

case 1 -> showRooms();

case 2 -> {

[Link]("Floor (1-3): "); int f = [Link]()-1;

[Link]("Room (1-4): "); int r = [Link]()-1;

if(f<0||f>=FLOORS||r<0||r>=ROOMS)

[Link]("Invalid selection!");

else bookRoom(f, r);

} while(ch != 0);

■ 2D array syntax: boolean[floors][rooms]. Access as hotel[floorIndex][roomIndex]. Both indices are 0-based.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 11

Part B — Inheritance, Polymorphism & Threads

Part B — Assignment 1: Single Inheritance

A Vehicle superclass is extended by Car. The subclass calls the parent's display method using super and adds
its own attributes.

Java Code

class Vehicle {

String brand; int year;

Vehicle(String brand, int year) { [Link]=brand; [Link]=year; }

void display() {

[Link]("Brand: " + brand + ", Year: " + year);

class Car extends Vehicle {

int doors;

Car(String brand, int year, int doors) {

super(brand, year); // calls Vehicle constructor

[Link] = doors;

@Override

void display() {

[Link](); // calls parent method

[Link]("Doors: " + doors);

public class InheritanceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Car c = new Car("Toyota", 2023, 4);

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 12

 [Link]();

[Link](c instanceof Vehicle); // true

■ Always call super() as the first statement in a subclass constructor to initialise the parent's fields.

Part B — Assignment 2: Interfaces & Polymorphism

A Shape interface with area() and perimeter() is implemented by Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle. Objects are
stored in a Shape array, showing runtime polymorphism.

Java Code

interface Shape {

double area();

double perimeter();

default void display() {

[Link]("Area=%.2f Perimeter=%.2f%n", area(), perimeter());

class Circle implements Shape {

double r;

Circle(double r) { this.r = r; }

public double area() { return [Link] * r * r; }

public double perimeter() { return 2 * [Link] * r; }

class Rectangle implements Shape {

double l, w;

Rectangle(double l, double w) { this.l=l; this.w=w; }

public double area() { return l * w; }

public double perimeter() { return 2*(l+w); }

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 13

 class Triangle implements Shape {

double a, b, c;

Triangle(double a, double b, double c) { this.a=a; this.b=b; this.c=c; }

public double area() {

double s = (a+b+c)/2;

return [Link](s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)); // Heron's formula

public double perimeter() { return a + b + c; }

public class PolymorphismDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape[] shapes = { new Circle(5), new Rectangle(4,6), new Triangle(3,4,5) };

for(Shape s : shapes) {

[Link]([Link]().getSimpleName() + " — ");

[Link]();

■ A class can implement multiple interfaces. default methods in interfaces (Java 8+) provide a fallback implementation.

Part B — Assignment 3: Abstract Classes

An abstract Animal class declares an abstract makeSound(). Dog and Cat extend it and provide concrete
implementations.

Java Code

abstract class Animal {

String name;

Animal(String name) { [Link] = name; }

abstract void makeSound(); // must be overridden

void sleep() { [Link](name + " is sleeping..."); }

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 14

 }

class Dog extends Animal {

Dog(String name) { super(name); }

@Override

void makeSound() { [Link](name + " says: Woof!"); }

class Cat extends Animal {

Cat(String name) { super(name); }

@Override

void makeSound() { [Link](name + " says: Meow!"); }

public class AbstractDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal[] animals = { new Dog("Bruno"), new Cat("Whiskers") };

for(Animal a : animals) {

[Link]();

[Link]();

// Animal a = new Animal("x"); // ERROR — cannot instantiate abstract class

■ Difference: abstract class can have state (fields) and non-abstract methods. Interface (pre-Java 8) can only have
constants and abstract methods.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 15

 Part B — Assignment 4: ATM Machine — Exception Handling

Simulates an ATM with balance check, deposit, and withdraw. Uses custom exceptions, try-catch-finally, and
loops for a persistent session.

Java Code

import [Link];

class InsufficientFundsException extends ArithmeticException {

InsufficientFundsException(double bal, double amt) {

super([Link]("Cannot withdraw Rs.%.2f. Balance: Rs.%.2f", amt, bal));

class ATM {

private double balance;

ATM(double bal) { [Link] = bal; }

void deposit(double amt) {

if(amt <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Amount must be > 0");

balance += amt;

[Link]("Deposited Rs.%.2f. New balance: Rs.%.2f%n", amt, balance);

void withdraw(double amt) {

if(amt <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Amount must be > 0");

if(amt > balance) throw new InsufficientFundsException(balance, amt);

balance -= amt;

[Link]("Withdrawn Rs.%.2f. Remaining: Rs.%.2f%n", amt, balance);

void checkBalance() { [Link]("Balance: Rs.%.2f%n", balance); }

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 16

 }

public class ATMDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ATM atm = new ATM(10000);

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

int ch;

do {

[Link]("\[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]");

ch = [Link]();

try {

switch(ch) {

case 1 -> [Link]();

case 2 -> { [Link]("Amount: "); [Link]([Link]()); }

case 3 -> { [Link]("Amount: "); [Link]([Link]()); }

} catch(InsufficientFundsException e) {

[Link]("[Insufficient Funds] " + [Link]());

} catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {

[Link]("[Invalid Input] " + [Link]());

} finally {

[Link]("--- Transaction complete ---");

} while(ch != 0);

■ finally block ALWAYS executes — even if an exception is thrown or caught. Use it for cleanup (closing resources,
logging).

Part B — Assignment 5: Online Shopping System — Exception Handling

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 17

Cart management with add-item, total calculation, and payment processing. Handles NumberFormatException
and ArithmeticException.

Java Code

import [Link].*; import [Link];

public class OnlineShopping {

static Map<String,Double> cart = new LinkedHashMap<>();

static void addItem(String name, String priceStr) {

try {

double price = [Link](priceStr);

if(price <= 0) throw new ArithmeticException("Price must be positive");

[Link](name, price);

[Link](name + " added at Rs." + price);

} catch(NumberFormatException e) {

[Link]("[Error] Invalid price: " + priceStr);

} catch(ArithmeticException e) {

[Link]("[Error] " + [Link]());

static double total() {

return [Link]().stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).sum();

static void processPayment(String amtStr) {

try {

double paid = [Link](amtStr);

double bill = total();

if(bill == 0) throw new ArithmeticException("Cart is empty!");

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 18

 double change = paid - bill;

if(change < 0) throw new ArithmeticException("Insufficient payment!");

[Link]("Paid: Rs.%.2f Bill: Rs.%.2f Change: Rs.%.2f%n",

paid, bill, change);

} catch(NumberFormatException e) {

[Link]("[Error] Invalid amount.");

} catch(ArithmeticException e) {

[Link]("[Error] " + [Link]());

} finally {

[Link]("Payment gateway closed.");

public static void main(String[] args) {

addItem("Phone", "15999");

addItem("Cover", "abc"); // triggers NumberFormatException

addItem("Cable", "-50"); // triggers ArithmeticException

addItem("Cable", "299");

[Link]("Total: Rs." + total());

processPayment("20000");

■ LinkedHashMap preserves insertion order — good for cart display. Multiple catch blocks handle different exception
types separately.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 19

 Part B — Assignment 6: Stock Price Monitor — Two Threads

One thread fetches (simulates) stock prices; another displays them. Uses synchronized shared resource,
[Link](), and join().

Java Code

import [Link].*;

class StockData {

private double price = 100.0;

private boolean updated = false;

synchronized void setPrice(double p) {

price = p; updated = true;

[Link]("[Fetcher] Price set: Rs.%.2f%n", p);

notifyAll();

synchronized double getPrice() throws InterruptedException {

while(!updated) wait();

updated = false;

return price;

class Fetcher extends Thread {

StockData data; Random rnd = new Random();

Fetcher(StockData d) { data=d; setName("Fetcher"); }

public void run() {

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

try {

[Link](1000); // simulate API delay

[Link](100 + [Link]()*50);

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 20

 } catch(InterruptedException e) { [Link]().interrupt(); }

class Displayer extends Thread {

StockData data;

Displayer(StockData d) { data=d; setName("Displayer"); }

public void run() {

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

try {

double p = [Link]();

[Link]("[Display] Current Price: Rs.%.2f%n", p);

} catch(InterruptedException e) { [Link]().interrupt(); }

public class StockMonitor {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

StockData sd = new StockData();

Thread f = new Fetcher(sd), d = new Displayer(sd);

[Link](); [Link]();

[Link](); [Link](); // wait for both threads

[Link]("Done.");

■ synchronized prevents race conditions. wait() releases the lock and blocks; notifyAll() wakes waiting threads. join()
makes main wait until a thread finishes.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 21

 Part B — Assignment 7: Multi-threaded Chat System

Each user is a thread. Demonstrates isAlive(), join(), thread priorities, and simulated suspend/resume/stop.

Java Code

import [Link].*;

class ChatUser extends Thread {

private String[] messages;

private volatile boolean suspended = false, stopped = false;

ChatUser(String name, String[] msgs, int priority) {

super(name);

[Link] = msgs;

setPriority(priority);

public void run() {

for(String msg : messages) {

if(stopped) break;

synchronized(this) {

while(suspended) {

try { wait(); } catch(InterruptedException e) { return; }

[Link]("[" + getName() + "]: " + msg);

try { [Link](500); } catch(InterruptedException e) { return; }

synchronized void suspendUser() { suspended = true; }

synchronized void resumeUser() { suspended = false; notifyAll(); }

void stopUser() { stopped = true; interrupt(); }

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 22

 }

public class ChatDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

ChatUser alice = new ChatUser("Alice",

new String[]{"Hello!","How are you?","Bye!"}, Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);

ChatUser bob = new ChatUser("Bob",

new String[]{"Hi Alice","I'm good!","See ya!"}, Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);

[Link](); [Link]();

[Link]("Alice alive? " + [Link]());

[Link](600);

[Link]();

[Link]("[System] Bob suspended");

[Link](1000);

[Link]();

[Link]("[System] Bob resumed");

[Link](); [Link]();

[Link]("Chat ended.");

■ volatile ensures visibility of stopped/suspended flags across threads. Thread.MAX_PRIORITY=10, MIN=1, NORM=5.
Higher priority threads get more CPU time but it's not guaranteed.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 23

Part C — JDBC Database Connectivity

JDBC Setup Checklist

1. Install MySQL: sudo apt install mysql-server (or use XAMPP)

2. Download MySQL JDBC driver ([Link])

3. Add to classpath: javac -cp .:[Link] *.java

4. Run: java -cp .:[Link] ClassName

5. Connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname

Part C — Assignment 1: Employee Management — JDBC CRUD

Connects to MySQL, creates an employees table, and performs Create, Read, Update, Delete using
PreparedStatement.

SQL — Run once to create database

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS company;

USE company;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employees (

id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

dept VARCHAR(50),

salary DOUBLE

);

Java Code — Employee CRUD

import [Link].*;

public class EmployeeCRUD {

static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/company";

static final String USER = "root";

static final String PASS = "your_password";

static Connection connect() throws SQLException {

return [Link](URL, USER, PASS);

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 24

}

// CREATE

static void addEmployee(String name, String dept, double sal) {

String sql = "INSERT INTO employees(name,dept,salary) VALUES(?,?,?)";

try(Connection c=connect(); PreparedStatement ps=[Link](sql)) {

[Link](1, name); [Link](2, dept); [Link](3, sal);

[Link]();

[Link]("Added: " + name);

} catch(SQLException e) { [Link](); }

// READ

static void viewAll() {

try(Connection c=connect(); Statement st=[Link]()) {

ResultSet rs = [Link]("SELECT * FROM employees");

[Link]("ID | Name | Dept | Salary");

[Link]("---|-----------------|------------|--------");

while([Link]())

[Link]("%-3d| %-16s| %-11s| %.2f%n",

[Link]("id"), [Link]("name"),

[Link]("dept"), [Link]("salary"));

} catch(SQLException e) { [Link](); }

// UPDATE

static void updateSalary(int id, double newSal) {

String sql = "UPDATE employees SET salary=? WHERE id=?";

try(Connection c=connect(); PreparedStatement ps=[Link](sql)) {

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 25

 [Link](1, newSal); [Link](2, id);

int rows = [Link]();

[Link](rows + " row(s) updated.");

} catch(SQLException e) { [Link](); }

// DELETE

static void deleteEmployee(int id) {

String sql = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id=?";

try(Connection c=connect(); PreparedStatement ps=[Link](sql)) {

[Link](1, id);

int rows = [Link]();

[Link](rows + " row(s) deleted.");

} catch(SQLException e) { [Link](); }

public static void main(String[] args) {

addEmployee("Samee Khan", "AI Dept", 75000);

addEmployee("Rahul Mehta", "Data Eng", 68000);

viewAll();

updateSalary(1, 80000);

deleteEmployee(2);

viewAll();

■ Always use PreparedStatement over Statement — it prevents SQL injection and improves performance.
try-with-resources auto-closes Connection/Statement.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 26

 Part C — Assignment 2: Student Management — JDBC CRUD with Transactions

Full CRUD for student records. Adds transaction management (commit/rollback) to ensure data integrity.

SQL

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS university;

USE university;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (

roll_no INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),

branch VARCHAR(50),

cgpa DOUBLE

);

Java Code — Student CRUD with Transaction

import [Link].*;

public class StudentCRUD {

static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/university";

static final String USER = "root", PASS = "your_password";

static void addStudentWithTransaction(int roll, String name,

String branch, double cgpa) {

String sql = "INSERT INTO students VALUES(?,?,?,?)";

Connection c = null;

try {

c = [Link](URL, USER, PASS);

[Link](false); // begin transaction

PreparedStatement ps = [Link](sql);

[Link](1, roll); [Link](2, name);

[Link](3, branch); [Link](4, cgpa);

[Link]();

[Link](); // commit

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 27

 [Link]("Student added: " + name);

} catch(SQLException e) {

[Link]("Error! Rolling back...");

try { if(c!=null) [Link](); } catch(SQLException ex) {}

} finally {

try { if(c!=null) [Link](); } catch(SQLException e) {}

static void viewAll() {

try(Connection c=[Link](URL,USER,PASS);

Statement st=[Link]()) {

ResultSet rs = [Link]("SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY roll_no");

[Link]("Roll | Name | Branch | CGPA");

while([Link]())

[Link]("%-5d| %-17s| %-7s| %.2f%n",

[Link](1), [Link](2),

[Link](3), [Link](4));

} catch(SQLException e) { [Link](); }

public static void main(String[] args) {

addStudentWithTransaction(101, "Samee Khan", "AIDS", 9.1);

addStudentWithTransaction(102, "Priya Sharma","CE", 8.7);

viewAll();

■ setAutoCommit(false) starts a manual transaction. Use commit() on success and rollback() on failure to maintain ACID
properties.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 28

Part D — Mini Project: Banking System
A complete banking application demonstrating OOP principles: encapsulation, inheritance (SavingsAccount
extends BankAccount), exception handling, and a menu-driven interface.

[Link] — Base class

public class BankAccount {

private String accNo, holderName;

private double balance;

private static int counter = 1000;

BankAccount(String name, double initial) {

[Link] = name;

[Link] = initial;

[Link] = "ACC" + (++counter);

void deposit(double amt) {

if(amt <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Deposit must be > 0");

balance += amt;

[Link]("Deposited Rs.%.2f. Balance: Rs.%.2f%n", amt, balance);

void withdraw(double amt) {

if(amt <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Withdrawal must be > 0");

if(amt > balance) throw new ArithmeticException("Insufficient balance!");

balance -= amt;

[Link]("Withdrawn Rs.%.2f. Balance: Rs.%.2f%n", amt, balance);

double getBalance() { return balance; }

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 29

 String getAccNo() { return accNo; }

String getHolderName() { return holderName; }

void displayInfo() {

[Link]("Account No : " + accNo);

[Link]("Holder : " + holderName);

[Link] ("Balance : Rs.%.2f%n", balance);

[Link] — Inherits BankAccount

public class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {

private double dailyWithdrawLimit;

private double withdrawnToday = 0;

SavingsAccount(String name, double initial, double limit) {

super(name, initial);

[Link] = limit;

@Override

void withdraw(double amt) {

if(withdrawnToday + amt > dailyWithdrawLimit)

throw new ArithmeticException(

[Link]("Daily limit exceeded! Limit: Rs.%.2f, Used: Rs.%.2f",

dailyWithdrawLimit, withdrawnToday));

[Link](amt);

withdrawnToday += amt;

void resetDailyLimit() {

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 30

 withdrawnToday = 0;

[Link]("Daily limit reset.");

@Override

void displayInfo() {

[Link]();

[Link]("Daily Limit: Rs.%.2f (Used: Rs.%.2f)%n",

dailyWithdrawLimit, withdrawnToday);

[Link] — Main menu driver

import [Link].*;

public class BankingSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Map<String, SavingsAccount> bank = new HashMap<>();

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

int ch;

do {

[Link]("\n====== BANKING SYSTEM ======");

[Link]("1. Create Account");

[Link]("2. Deposit");

[Link]("3. Withdraw");

[Link]("4. Check Balance");

[Link]("5. Account Info");

[Link]("6. Reset Daily Limit");

[Link]("0. Exit");

[Link]("Choice: "); ch = [Link]();

try {

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 31

switch(ch) {

case 1 -> {

[Link]();

[Link]("Name: "); String nm = [Link]();

[Link]("Initial: "); double ini = [Link]();

[Link]("Daily limit: "); double lim = [Link]();

SavingsAccount sa = new SavingsAccount(nm, ini, lim);

[Link]([Link](), sa);

[Link]("Created! Account No: " + [Link]());

case 2,3,4,5,6 -> {

[Link]("Account No: "); String acc = [Link]();

SavingsAccount sa = [Link](acc);

if(sa == null) { [Link]("Account not found!"); break; }

switch(ch) {

case 2 -> { [Link]("Amount: "); [Link]([Link]()); }

case 3 -> { [Link]("Amount: "); [Link]([Link]()); }

case 4 -> [Link]("Balance: Rs.%.2f%n", [Link]());

case 5 -> [Link]();

case 6 -> [Link]();

} catch(ArithmeticException | IllegalArgumentException e) {

[Link]("[Error] " + [Link]());

} while(ch != 0);

[Link]("Thank you for banking with us!");

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 32

 }

■ This project combines: encapsulation (private fields), inheritance (SavingsAccount extends BankAccount), method
overriding (@Override), exception handling, HashMap for multi-account support, and Scanner for interactive I/O.

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 33

Quick Reference Cheat Sheet

Concept Syntax / Key Point

Inheritance class Child extends Parent { }

Interface interface I { } | class C implements I { }

Abstract class abstract class A { abstract void m(); }

Method overloading Same name, different parameters (compile-time)

Method overriding @Override in subclass (runtime polymorphism)

super keyword super() — parent constructor | [Link]()

static field/method Shared across all instances; call via ClassName.x

this keyword Refers to current object; this() chains constructors

try-catch-finally finally always runs; use for cleanup

Custom exception class MyEx extends RuntimeException { }

Thread creation extends Thread or implements Runnable

Synchronization synchronized method/block — one thread at a time

JDBC steps Load driver → getConnection → prepareStatement → execute

PreparedStatement [Link](index, value); prevents SQL injection

2D array int[][] a = new int[rows][cols]; access a[r][c]

for-each for(Type x : array) — read-only iteration

ArrayList ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<>();

Lambda (streams) [Link]().filter(x->x>5).forEach([Link]::println)

VSE-281-AID · OOP Practical Notes · Page 34