SADLER UNIT 3 MATHEMATICS

METHODS
WORKED SOLUTIONS
Chapter 2: Complex numbers, a reminder.

Exercise 2A

Question 1

a z  4 2  ( 3) 2  16  9  25  5

b z  12 2  52  144  25  169  13

c z  32  2 2  9  4  13

d z  32  ( 2) 2  9  4  13

e z  12  52  1  25  26

f z  0 2  52  25  5

Question 2

a z  2  2i
2
tan θ  1
2

θ
4

arg z 
4

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b z  2  2i
2
tan θ   1
2

θ
4

arg z  
4

c z  2  2i
2
tan θ   1
2
3
θ
4
3
arg z 
4
d z  2  2i
2
tan θ  1
2
3
θ
4
3
arg z  
4

e z  2  2 3i
2 3
tan θ   3
2
2
θ
3
2
arg z 
3

f 3 3
tan θ   3
3

θ
3

arg z  
3

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Question 3

13 12   
z1 has an angle of which is   2  , this is equivalent to
6 6 6 6 6
  
z1  3  cos  i sin 
 6 6
z2 has an angle of 3 which is 2  , this is equivalent to 
z2  3(cos   i sin )
5 3
z3 has an angle of which is equivalent to 
4 4
  3   3  
z3  4 cos     i sin    
  4   4 
z4 has an angle of   which is not in the domain but is equivalent to , which is in the domain.
z4  2  cos ()  i sin () 

z5  6(cos1  i sin1)
3
z6 has a length of 5 units and angle 180  45=135 (  in radians)
4
 3  3  
z6  5  cos  i sin 
 4 4 
5
z7 has a length of 8 units and angle of  150 (  in radians)
6
  5   5  
z7  8  cos     i sin    
  6   6 
     
z8  5  cos     i sin    
  2  2 
z9  6(cos 2  i sin 2)
z10  4(cos   i sin )
 3
z11 is 5 units in length and    
4 4
  3   3  
z11  5 cos     i sin    
  4   4 
  
z12 is 7 units in length and    
2 3 6
     
z12  7 cos     i sin    
  6  6 

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Question 4

5 
z13 has r  52  52  50  5 2, tan θ   1 so θ=
5 4

  
z13  5 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4

4
z14 has r  32  42  9  16  25  5, tan θ  so θ =  0.9273  2.2143
3
z14  5  cos ( 2.2143)  i sin (2.2143) 
5
z15 has r  (4) 2  (5) 2  16  25  41, tan θ  so θ = (    0.8961)  2.2455
4
z15  41  cos (  2.2455)  i sin (2.2455) 
5 
z16 has r  52  52  50  5 2, tan θ   1 so θ= 
5 4
     
z16  5 2 cos     i sin    
  4  4 

For z17 , r  52  122  25  144  169  13

12
and tan θ  so θ  1.1760
5

z17  13 cos (1.1760)  i sin (1.1760) 

For z18 , r  12  7 2  1  49  50  5 2
7
and tan θ  so θ  1.4289
1

z18  5 2  cos (1.4289)  i sin (1.4289) 

For z19 , r  12  (7) 2  1  49  50  5 2
7
and tan θ  so θ  1.4289
1

z19  5 2  cos (1.4289)  i sin (1.4289)

For z20 , r  (7) 2  12  49  1  50  5 2
1
and tan θ  so θ  0.1419    2.999
7

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z20  5 2  cos (2.9997)  i sin (2.9997) 

For z 21 , r  (5 3)2  52  75  25  100  10

5 1 
and tan θ  = so θ 
5 3 3 6
    
z21  10 cos    i sin   
 6  6 


For z22 no calculation required as line would be straight up at an angle of with a length of 4.
2
  
z22  4  cos  i sin 
 2 2

For z23 no calculation required as line is at angle of 0 radians with a length of 4.

z23  4(cos 0  i sin 0)

For z24 no calculation required as line is at angle of  radians with a length of 4.

z24  4(cos   i sin )

For z25 no calculation required as line is at angle of  radians with a length of 3.
2
     
z25  3 cos     i sin    
  2  2 
For z26 no calculation required as line is at angle of 0 radians with a length of 3.
z26  3(cos 0  i sin 0)

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Question 5


For z27 , a  2 cos    2
4

b  2sin    2
4
z27  2  2i

 5 
For z28 , a  4 cos    2 3
 6 
 5 
b  4sin    2
 6 
z28  2 3  2i

  
For z29 , a  4 cos  2
 3 
  
b  4sin    2 3
 3 
z29  2  2 3i

 2 
For z30 , a  6 cos    3
 3 
 2 
b  6sin    3 3
 3 
z30  3  3 3i

For z31 the angle is 2

a  5, b  0 (no calculation required)
z31  5  0i

7 
For z32 the angle is which is equivalent to 
2 2
a  0, b  1 (no calculation required)
z32  0  i

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Exercise 2B

Question 1


For z1 , r  3and θ  60, which is equivalent to radians.
3

z1  3cis
3

2
For z2 , r  5and θ  120, which is equivalent to radians.
3
2
z2  5cis
3

5
For z3 , r  4 and θ  150, which is equivalent to  radians.
6
 5 
z3  4cis   
 6 


For z4 , r  5and θ  90, which is equivalent to  radians.
2
 
z4  5cis   
 2

For z5 , r  4 and θ  0, which is equivalent to 0 radians.

z5  4cis (0)


For z6 , r  5and θ  90, which is equivalent to radians.
2

z6  5cis  
2

3
For z7 , r  5and θ  135, which is equivalent to radians.
4
 3 
z7  5cis  
 4 

3
For z8 , r  3and θ  135, which is equivalent to  radians.
4
 3 
z8  3cis   
 4 

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Question 2

   
2  cos  i sin   2cis
 10 10  10

Question 3

 5 5  5
7  cos  i sin   7cis
 8 8  8

Question 4

 
9(cos 30  i sin 30)  9 cis (as 30 is equivalent to in radians)
6 6

Question 5


330 is not in the domain but is equivalent to  30 or  and in the domain.
6

 
3(cos 330  i sin 330)  3cis   
 6

Question 6

3 
is not in the domain but is equivalent to  in the domain.
2 2

  3   3    
5  cos    i sin     5cis   
  2   2   2

Question 7

8 2
is not in the domain but is equivalent to in the domain.
3 3

 8 8  2
4  cos  i sin   4cis
 3 3  3
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Question 8

5 
 is not in the domain but is equivalent to in the domain.
3 3

  5   5   
2 cos     i sin      2cis  
  3   3  3

Question 9

3 is not in the domain but is equivalent to  in the domain.

2  cos (3)  i sin (3)   2cis ()

Question 10

   
7cis  7  cos  i sin   7  0  i   7i
2  2 2

Question 11

       
5cis     5 cos     i sin      5(0  i )  5i
 2   2  2 

Question 12

cis  cos   i sin   1  0i  1

Question 13

3cis 2  3(cos 2  i sin 2)  3  0i  3

Question 14

    2 2
10 cis  10  cos  i sin   10   10  i  5 2 5 2i
4  4 4 2 2

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Question 15

2  2 2 
4cis  4  cos  i sin   2  2 3 i
3  3 3 

Question 16
 2    2   2  
4cis     4 cos     i sin      2  2 3 i
 3    3   3 

Question 17
 4    4   4  
12 cis     12 cos     i sin      6  6 3 i
 3    3   3 

Question 18

r  (7) 2  242  49  576  625  25

24
tan θ  
7
θ    1.2870
7  24i  25cis (  1.2870)  25cis (1.8546)

Question 19

r  (5) 2  122  25  144  169  13

12
tan θ  
5
θ    1.1760
5  12i  13cis (1.9656)

Question 20

r  12  22  1  4  5
2
tan θ 
1
θ  1.1071
1  2i  5 cis (1.1071)

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Question 21

r  02  52  25  5

θ
2

5i  5cis  
2

Question 22

b z  r1 cis (  ) , w  r2 cis (  )

Question 23

The conjugate of 2cis 30 is 2 cis ( 30) .

Question 24

The conjugate of 7 cis120 is 7 cis ( 120) .

Question 25

4 cis 390  4 cis 30

The conjugate of 4 cis 30 is 4 cis ( 30) .

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Question 26

10 cis (  200)  10 cis160

The conjugate of 10 cis160 is 10 cis ( 160) .

Question 27

  
The conjugate of 2 cis is 2 cis    .
2  2

Question 28

 3   3 
The conjugate of 5 cis    is 5cis   .
 4   4 

Question 29

The conjugate of 5 cis 0.5 is 5 cis ( 0.5) .

Question 30

7  
5cis  5cis   
2  2

  
The conjugate of 5cis    is 5cis   .
 2 2

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Exercise 2C

Question 1

zw  (2  3i)(5  2i )  10  4i  15i  6i 2
 10  11i  6(1)  16  11i

Question 2

zw  (3  2i )(1  2i)  3  6i  2i  4i 2
 3  4i  4(1)  7  4i

Question 3

z  3cis 60, w  5cis 20

zw  3  5cis (60  20)  15cis 80

Question 4

z  3cis120, w  3cis150
zw  3   cis (120+150)  9 cis 270  9 cis (  90)

Question 5

z  3cis 30, w  3cis (  80)

zw  3   cis (30  80)  9 cis (  50)

Question 6

 
z  5cis , w  2 cis
3 4
  7
zw  5   cis  +   10 cis
3 4 12

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Question 7

 3
z  4 cis , w  2 cis
4 4
  3   
zw  4   cis     8cis   
4 4   2

Question 8

z  2(cos 50  i sin 50), w  cos 60  i sin 60

zw  2(cos110  i sin110)

Question 9

z  2(cos170  i sin170), w  3(cos150  i sin150)

zw  6(cos 320  i sin 320)  6  cos (40)  i sin (40)

Question 10

z  6  3i, w  3  4i

z 6  3i 6  3i 3  4i 18  24i  9i  12i 2
   
w 3  4i 3  4i 3  4i 9  12i  12i  16i 2
30  15i 6  3i
   1.2  0.6i
25 5

Question 11

z  6  3i, w  3  4i

z 6  3i 6  3i 3  4i 18  24i  9i  12i 2
   
w 3  4i 3  4i 3  4i 9  12i  12i  16i 2
30  15i 6  3i
   1.2  0.6i
25 5

Question 12

z 8cis 60
  4 cis (60  40)  4 cis 20
w 2 cis 40

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Question 13

z 5cis120
  5cis (  30)
w cis150

Question 14

z 3cis ( 150)
  cis (  150  80)  cis ( 230)  cis130
w 3cis 80

Question 15

3
2cis
z
 5  cis  3  2   cis 
 
w 2cis 2  5 5  5
5

Question 16


4cis
z
 4  2cis      3    2 cis 
 3   4  4 
w
2cis      
 4 

Question 17

  3   3  
5  cos    i sin   
 4   4      
 
z
 2.5  cos    i sin   
w       4  4 
2  cos    i sin   
 2  2 

Question 18

z 2 (cos 50  i sin 50)

  0.4(cos 0  i sin 0)
w 5 (cos 50  i sin 50)

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Question 19

z  cis 30, zw  2 cis 70

w  2 cis (70  30)  2 cis 40

Question 20

z  cis 30, zw  3cis130

w  3cis (130  30)  3cis100

Question 21

z  cis 30, zw  2 cis (60)

w  2 cis (  60  30)  2 cis ( 90)

Question 22

z  cis110, zw  2 cis (130)

w  2 cis (  130  110)  2 cis ( 240)  2 cis (120)

Question 23

z  cis110, zw  cis ( 90)

w  cis (  90  110)  cis (200)  cis160

Question 24

z  cis110, zw  2 cis (30)

w  2cis (  30  110)  2cis (140)

Question 25

z
z  2 cis 150,  2 cis (30)
w
w  cis (150  30)  cis (120)

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Question 26

z
z  2 cis150,  cis (70)
w
w  2 cis (150  70)  2 cis (80)

Question 27

z
z  2 cis150,  cis (110)
w

w  2cis (150  110)  2cis (260)  2cis (  100)

Question 28

z  6cis 40, w  2 cis 30

a 2 z  12 cis 40

b 3w  6cis 30

c zw  12cis 70

d wz  12cis 70

e iz  i(6cis 40)  6cis (40+90)  6cis130

f iw  i(2cis30)  2cis (30  90)  2cis120

w 2 cis 30 1
g   cis (  10)
z 6 cis 40 3

1 1
h  cis (40)
z 6

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 29

2 3
z  8 cis , w  4 cis
3 4

 2 3   17    7 
a zw  32 cis     32 cis    32 cis   
 3 4   12   12 

 3 2   17    7 
b wz  32 cis     32 cis    32 cis   
 4 3   12   12 

3
4 cis
c
w
 4  1 cis 
z 8cis 2 2 12
3

2
8cis
d
z
 3  2 cis    
 
w 4 cis 3  12 
4

 2 
e z  8cis   
 3 

 3 
f w  4 cis   
 4 

1 1  2 
g  cis   
z 8  3 

i 1   3  1   
h  cis     cis   
w 4 2 4  4  4

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Exercise 2D

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

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Question 9

x5

Question 10

y  4

Question 11

y  3x, x  0

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Question 12

y   3x, x  0

Question 13

x y 6

Question 14

x 2  y 2  36

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 15

x 2  ( y  4)2  9

Question 16

( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2  16

Question 17

( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2  16

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Question 18

x4

Question 19

3y  x  8

Question 20

3y  x  9

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Question 21

9  x 2  y 2  25

Question 22

1
x  y  3 x, x  0
3

Question 23

y  2x 1
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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 24

x y  2

Question 25

a The minimum possible value of Im ( z ) is 1.

b The maximum possible value of Re ( z ) is 5.

c The minimum possible value of z is 32  3 2  2  3 2  2 .

d The maximum possible value of z is 3 2  32  2  3 2  2 .

e The maximum possible value of z is 3 2  2 .

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 26

a The minimum possible value of Im (z ) is 1.

b The maximum possible value of Re ( z ) is 6.

c The maximum possible value of z is 4 2  32  2  7 .

d The minimum possible value of z is 4 2  32  2  3 .

e The minimum possible value of arg (z ) is found by looking at the tangents to the circle.

3
tan θ 
4
θ  0.6435
2
tan  
21
  0.4115

arg (z )  0.6435  0.4115  0.23 radians

f The maximum possible value of arg (z ) is found by looking at the tangent to the circle.

arg (z )  θ    0.6435  0.4115  1.06 radians

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 27

Given z  (2  3i )  2 z  (5  3i )

Thus if z  x  yi x  yi  (2  3i )  2 x  yi  (5  3i )

( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2  22 ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2 
x 2  4 x  4  y 2  6 y  9  22  x 2  10 x  25  y 2  6 y  9 
x 2  4 x  4  y 2  6 y  9  4 x 2  40 x  100  4 y 2  24 y  36

0  3x 2  36 x  3 y 2  30 y  123
0  x 2  12 x  y 2  10 y  41

( x  6) 2  36  ( y  5) 2  25  41  0

( x  6)2  ( y  5) 2  20

The set of points form a circle with centre (6, –5) and radius 20  2 5 units .

Question 28

Given z  (10  5i )  3 z  (2  3i )

Thus if z  x  yi x  yi  (10  5i )  3 x  yi  (2  3i)

( x  10) 2  ( y  5) 2  32 ( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2 
x 2  20 x  100  y 2  10 y  25  32  x 2  4 x  4  y 2  6 y  9 
x 2  20 x  100  y 2  10 y  25  9 x 2  36 x  36  9 y 2  54 y  81

0  8 x 2  16 x  8 y 2  64 y  8
0  x2  2 x  y 2  8 y 1
0  ( x  1) 2  1  ( y  4) 2  16  1
18  ( x  1) 2  ( y  4) 2

The set of points form a circle with centre (1, –4) and radius 18  3 2 units .

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Exercise 2E

Question 1

z6  1
z  1 is one solution

2 

6 3

Solutions are:

 2
z  1cis 0 (i.e. z  1), z  1cis , z  1cis
3 3
   2 
z  1cis , z  1cis    , z  cis   
 3  3 

Question 2

z8  1
z  1 is one solution
Another solution every 360  8 = 45
Solutions are:
z  1cis 0, z  1cis 45, z  1cis 90, z  1cis135
z  1cis180, z  1cis (135), z  1cis (90), z  1cis (45)

Question 3

z7  1
z  1 is one solution

2
Another solution every 2  7 =
7

Solutions are:
2 4 6
z  1cis 0, z  1cis , z  1cis , z  1cis
7 7 7
 2   4   6 
z  1cis    , z  1cis    , z  1cis   
 7   7   7 
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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 4

 
6
3i  64

Placing 3  i on an Argand diagram and dividing the complex

plane into six equal size regions allows the six roots to be
determined.
  5
z1  2cis , z2  2cis , z3  2cis
6 2 6
 5     
z4  2cis    , z5  2cis    , z6  2cis   
 6   2  6

Question 5

1  i 
5
 4  4i

Placing 1  i on an Argand diagram and dividing the complex

plane into five equal size regions allows the six roots to be
determined.

r  12  12  2
1
tan θ  
1
θ  45

z1  2 cis (  45), z2  2 cis 27, z3  2 cis 99

z4  2 cis171, z5  2 cis (  117)

Question 6

 2  3i 
4
 119  120i
r  (119) 2  (120) 2  169
Placing 2  3i on an Argand diagram and dividing the complex
plane into four equal size regions allows the six roots to be
determined.

r  22  32  13
3
tan θ 
2
θ  56.3

z1  2  3i, z2  3  2i, z3  2  3i, z4  3  2i

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 7

a (2  i ) 2  (2  i )(2  i ) c
 4  2i  2i  i 2
 4  4i  1
 3  4i

b (2  i ) 4  [(2  i ) 2 ]2 d z  2i
 (3  4i ) 2 z   1  2i
 9  12i  12i  16i 2
z  2i
 7  24i
z 1  2i

Question 8

360  5  72
k  25 cis  5  20    32 cis100
z1  2 cis 20
z2  2 cis (20  72)  2 cis 92
z3  2 cis (92  72)  2 cis164
z4  2 cis (164  72)  2 cis 236  2 cis (20  2  72)  2 cis (  124)
z5  2 cis (20  72)  2 cis (  52)

Question 9

z1  2  4i
z2  4  2i
z3  2  4i
z4  4  2i

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Exercise 2F

Question 1

(cos   i sin )n  cos n  i sin n

When n  1

LHS  (cos   i sin ) 1

1 1 (cos   i sin )
  
(cos   i sin ) (cos   i sin ) (cos   i sin )
cos   i sin  cos   i sin 
 
cos   i sin  cos   i sin  cos   i sin  cos 2   sin 2 
2 2 2

 cos   i sin 
 cos ()  i sin () [as cos ()  cos  and sin ()   sin ]
 RHS

Question 2

 
z  cos  i sin
6 6
4
   4 4
z 4   cos  i sin   cos  i sin (by de Moivre's Theorem)
 6 6 6 6
2 2
 cos  i sin
3 3

Question 3


z  2cis
6
5 5
z 5  25 cis  32cis (by de Moivre's Theorem)
6 6

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 4
  
z  3  cos  i sin 
 3 3
5 5
       
z 5  3  (cos  i sin    35  cos  i sin  (by de Moivre's Theorem)
  3 3   3 3
 5 5       
 243  cos  i sin   243 cos     i sin    
 3 3    3  3 

Question 5
cos 2  i sin 2  (cos   i sin ) 2 (by de Moivre's Theorem)
 (cos   i sin )(cos   i sin )
 cos 2   i sin  cos   i sin  cos   i 2 sin 2 
 cos 2   sin 2   2i sin  cos 
Real parts are equal so cos 2θ  cos 2 θ  sin 2 θ
Imaginary parts are equal so sin 2θ  2sin θ cos θ

Question 6
cos 3  i sin 3  (cos   i sin )3 (by de Moivre's Theorem)
 i 3 sin 3   3i 2 sin 2  cos   3i sin  cos 2   cos3 
 i sin 3   3sin 2  cos   3i sin  cos 2   cos 3 
 3sin 2  cos   cos 3   i sin 3   3i sin  cos 2 

Real parts are equal so cos 3  3sin 2  cos   cos3 

 cos   3sin 2   3cos 2   4 cos 2  
 cos   3  4 cos 2  
 4 cos3   3cos 
Imaginary parts are equal so sin 3  3sin  cos 2   sin 3 

Question 7
cos 5  i sin 5  (cos   i sin )5 (by de Moivre's Theorem)
 i 5 sin 5   5i 4 sin 4  cos   10i 3 sin 3  cos 2   10i 2 sin 2  cos 3   5i sin  cos 4   cos5 
 i sin 5   5sin 4  cos   10i sin 3  cos 2   10 sin 2  cos3   5i sin  cos 4   cos5 

Real parts are equal so cos 5  5sin 4  cos   10sin 2  cos3   cos5 
Imaginary parts are equal so sin 5  sin 5   10sin 3  cos 2   5sin  cos 4 
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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 8
Change 1  i to polar form
r  12  12  2
tan θ  1

θ
4

1  i  2 cis
4
6
  6 3  
 2 cis   8cis  8cis  8cis   
 4 4 2  2

Question 9
Change 3  i to polar form
2
r 3  12  10
1
tan θ 
3

θ
6

3  i  2cis
6
5
  5
 2cis   32cis
 6 6

Question 10
Change  3  3 3 i to polar form

r  (3) 2  (3 3) 2  36  6
3 3
tan θ  
3

θ
3
   2 
3  3 3 i  6 cis     6 cis  
 3  3 
4
 2  8 2
 6 cis   6 cis  64 cis
4

 3  3 3

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 11

 
4  4 3 i  8 cis   
 3
  
z 3  8 cis    2k  
 3 

  2k  
z  3 8 cis    
 9 3 

Solutions occur at k  0, k  1, k  2
   5   7 
z1  2 cis    , z2  2 cis   , z3  2 cis   
 9  9   9 

Question 12

z 4  16i
 
z 4  16 cis   2k  
2 
  2k     k 
z  4 16 cis     2 cis   
8 4  8 2 
Solutions occur at k  0, k  1, k  2, k  3
 5  7   3 
z1  2 cis , z2  2 cis , z3  2 cis    , z4  2 cis   
8 8  8   8 

Question 13

z 4  8 2  8 2 i
 3 
z 4  16 cis   2k  
 4 
 3 2k    3 k  
z  4 16 cis     2 cis   
 16 4   16 2 

Solutions occur at k  0, k  1, k  2, k  3

3 11  13   5 
z1  2cis , z2  2cis , z3  2cis    , z4  2cis   
16 16  16   16 

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 14

z4  4  0
z 4  4
z 4  4cis (  2k )
  2k     k 
z  2 cis     2 cis   
4 4  4 2 
Solutions occur at k  0, k  1, k  2, k  3
 3  3   
z1  2 cis , z2  2 cis , z3  2 cis    , z4  2 cis   
4 4  4   4

Question 15

2  6i 2 6 
z1    i  2 cis
2 2 2 3

6  2i 6 2 
z2    i  2 cis
2 2 2 6

z3  2cis
8
6 3 
6 3 2 cis 2 2 cis
z1 z2 2  2 cis 2  2

4
z3 
24 cis
2

Question 16

z  r cis θ so z  r cis (θ)

a  z  r cis (θ)  r cis    θ 

1 1 1
b   cis (  θ)
z r cis θ r

1 1 1
c    cis (θ) = cis (  θ)
z r r

1 1 1
d  2
  2 cis (  2θ)  2 cis (  2θ)
z r r

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Miscellaneous Exercise 2

Question 1

z  3  4i and w  2  3i

a z  w  3  4i  2  3i  5  i

b z  w  3  4i  (2  3i)  1  7i

c zw  (3  4i)(2  3i)  6  9i  8i  12i 2  18  i

d z 2  (3  4i )(3  4i )  9  12i  12i  16i 2  9  24i  16  7  24i

z 3  4i 3  4i 2  3i 6  9i  8i  12i 2 6  17i 6 17
e        i
w 2  3i 2  3i 2  3i 4  6i  6i  9i 2
13 13 13

w 2  3i 3  4i 6  8i  9i  12i 2 6  17i 6 17
f       i
z 3  4i 3  4i 9  12i  12i  16i 2
25 25 25

Question 2
 
a AB  c e OB  a  c
 1  1
b AD  c f OD  a  c
4 4
 3  1
c DB  c g CE  a  c
4 2
 3 1 5  3
d DE  c  c  c h OE  a  c
4 2 4 2

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Question 3

a r  (3)2  (3 3)2  9  27  36  6

3 3
tan θ   3
3

θ
3
 2 
3  3 3 i  6 cis   
 3 

 5 
b 8cos    4 3
 6 
 5 
8sin    4
 6 
 5
8cis  4 3  4i
6

Question 4

a  c  3 
2 cos 0 4 cos    2 2
2  4 

2sin  2
2  3 

4 sin    2 2
 4 
2 cis  (0, 2)
2
 3 
4cis    (2 2, 2 2)
 4 

b 5cos   5
5sin   0
5cis   ( 5, 0)

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© Cengage Learning Australia Pty Ltd 2019
Question 5

z  1  i and w  1  i
For z :
r  12  12  2
1 
tan θ  , θ 
1 4

z  2 cis
4
For w :
r  (1) 2  12  2
1 3
tan θ  ,θ
1 4
3
w  2cis
4
 3  3
zw  2cis  2cis  2cis cis  2cis
4 4 4 4
 
2cis cis
z
 4  4  cis    
3 3  
w 2cis cis  2
4 4

Question 6

a cis 0  cos 0  i sin 0  1  i  0  1

b cis   cis   (cos   i sin )(cos   i sin )

 cos  cos   i sin  cos   i sin  cos   i 2 sin  sin 
 cos  cos   sin  sin   i (sin  cos   sin  cos )
 cos (  )  i sin (  )
 cis (  )

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Question 7

f ( x)  4 x 3  18 x 2  22 x  12

a f (3)  4(3)3  18(3)2  22(3)  12  108  54  66  12  348

b f (3)  4  33  18  32  22(3)  12  0

c 3 is a solution so x  3 is a factor of 4 x3  18 x 2  22 x  12 .

4x2  6x  4
( x  3) 4 x3  18 x 2  22 x  12
4 x3  12 x 2
 6 x 2  22 x
6 x 2  18 x
4 x  12
4 x  12
0

4x2  6x  4
a  4, b  6, c  4
b  b 2  4ac 6  (6) 2  4  4   6  36  64
x  
2a 2 4 8
6  28 6  2 7 i 3  7 i 3 7
     i
8 8 4 4 4

f ( x)  4 x 3  18 x 2  22 x  12
 3 7  3 7 
 ( x  3)  x   i   x   i 
 4 4  4 4 

3 7 3 7
So when f ( x)  0 , x  3,  i,  i
4 4 4 4

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