Chapter 2- (Self part)
1. Difference between self as subject and self as object:-
Self as subject Self as object
1. The self is described as a ‘subject’ 1. The self is described as an ‘object’
when it is described as an entity that when it is described as an entity on
does something. which something is done.
Eg:- I am a dancer. Eg:- I am the one who gets hurt
easily. (which gets affected).
2. The self as a subject is usually [Link] self as object is usually described as
described as the “Knower”. the “Known”.
Eg:- “I know who I am”. Eg:- “I know who I am”.
3. As a subject (actor) the self actively 3. As an object (consequence) the self gets
engages in the process of knowing observed and comes to be known.
itself.
2. Definition of Self-efficacy:-
One’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a specific task.
OR
According to Bandura, “Self-efficacy is an individual’s belief about her or his own effectiveness; the
expectation that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
3. Factors influencing development of self-efficacy:-
a)The society, b) parents and c) a person’s positive experiences can help in the development of a
strong sense of self-efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of
children.
4. Difference between Indian and Western perspectives with respect to self
and culture:- (include diagram – Fig 2.1 pg 28)
Indian Perspective Western Perspective
1. The Indian view of self is 1. In Western view, the boundary between
characterised by shifting nature of self and others is relatively fixed.
the boundary. Thus, the self at one
moment of time expands to fuse
with the cosmos or include others.
2. Indian view holds no clear [Link] Western view hold clear
dichotomies among various dichotomies between concepts like self &
concepts. others, man & nature, subjective &
objective, etc.
3. In Indian culture, the self is usually 3. In Western culture, the self and the
not separated from one’s own group exist as two different entities with
group and so both remain in a state clear boundaries.
of harmonious co-existence.
4. Asian cultures are characterised as 4. Western culture is characterised as
collectivistic. individualistic.