Python If Else Statements – Conditional Statements

In both real life and programming, decision-making is crucial. We often face situations where we
need to make choices, and based on those choices, we determine our next actions. Similarly, in
programming, we encounter scenarios where we must make decisions to control the flow of our
code.
Conditional statements in Python play a key role in determining the direction of program
execution. Among these, If-Else statements are fundamental, providing a way to execute
different blocks of code based on specific conditions. As the name suggests, If-Else statements
offer two paths, allowing for different outcomes depending on the condition evaluated.
Types of Control Flow in Python
 Python If Statement
 Python If Else Statement
 Python Nested If Statement
 Python Elif
 Ternary Statement | Short Hand If Else Statement
Python If Statement
The if statement is the most simple decision-making statement. It is used to decide whether a
certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not.
Flowchart of If Statement
Let’s look at the flow of code in the Python If statements.

Flowchart of Python if statement

Syntax of If Statement in Python
Here, the condition after evaluation will be either true or false. if the statement accepts boolean
values – if the value is true then it will execute the block of statements below it otherwise not.
#if syntax Python

if condition:
# Statements to execute if
# condition is true
As we know, Python uses indentation to identify a block. So the block under the Python if
statements will be identified as shown in the below example:
if condition:
statement1
statement2
# Here if the condition is true, if block
# will consider only statement1 to be inside
# its block.
Example of Python if Statement
As the condition present in the if statements in Python is false. So, the block below the if
statement is executed.
Python
# python program to illustrate If statement
i = 10

if (i > 15):
print("10 is less than 15")
print("I am Not in if")
Output:
I am Not in if
Python If Else Statement
The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and
if the condition is false it won’t. But if we want to do something else if the condition is false, we
can use the else statement with the if statement Python to execute a block of code when the
Python if condition is false.
Flowchart of If Else Statement
Let’s look at the flow of code in an if else Python statement.
Syntax of If Else in Python
if (condition):
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if
# condition is false
Example of Python If Else Statement
The block of code following the else if in Python, the statement is executed as the condition
present in the if statement is false after calling the statement which is not in the block(without
spaces).
Python
# python program to illustrate else if in Python statement
#!/usr/bin/python

i = 20
if (i < 15):
print("i is smaller than 15")
print("i'm in if Block")
else:
print("i is greater than 15")
print("i'm in else Block")
print("i'm not in if and not in else Block")
Output:
i is greater than 15
i'm in else Block
i'm not in if and not in else Block
If Else in Python using List Comprehension
In this example, we are using an Python else if statement in a list comprehension with the
condition that if the element of the list is odd then its digit sum will be stored else not.
Python
# Explicit function
def digitSum(n):
dsum = 0
for ele in str(n):
dsum += int(ele)
return dsum

# Initializing list
List = [367, 111, 562, 945, 6726, 873]

# Using the function on odd elements of the list

newList = [digitSum(i) for i in List if i & 1]

# Displaying new list

print(newList)
Output :
[16, 3, 18, 18]
Python Nested If Statement
A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if statement. Nested if statements mean
an if statement inside another if statement.
Yes, Python allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e., we can place an if statement
inside another if statement.
Flowchart of Python Nested if Statement
 Flowchart of Python Nested if statement
Syntax:
if (condition1):
# Executes when condition1 is true
if (condition2):
# Executes when condition2 is true
# if Block is end here
# if Block is end here
Example of Python Nested If Statement
In this example, we are showing nested if conditions in the code, All the If condition in Python
will be executed one by one.
Python
# python program to illustrate nested If statement

i = 10
if (i == 10):

# First if statement
if (i < 15):
print("i is smaller than 15")
 # Nested - if statement
# Will only be executed if statement above
# it is true
if (i < 12):
print("i is smaller than 12 too")
else:
print("i is greater than 15")
Output:
i is smaller than 15
i is smaller than 12 too
Python Elif
Here, a user can decide among multiple options. The if statements are executed from the top
down.
As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is
executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final
“else” statement will be executed.
Flowchart of Elif Statement in Python
Let’s look at the flow of control in if-elif-else ladder:

Flowchart of if-elif-else ladder

Syntax:
if (condition):
statement
elif (condition):
statement
.
.
else:
statement
Example of Python if-elif-else ladder
In the example, we are showing single if in Python, multiple elif conditions, and single else
condition.
Python
# Python program to illustrate if-elif-else ladder
#!/usr/bin/python

i = 25
if (i == 10):
print("i is 10")
elif (i == 15):
print("i is 15")
elif (i == 20):
print("i is 20")
else:
print("i is not present")
Output:
i is not present
Loops in Python – For, While and Nested Loops
Python programming language provides two types of Python loopshecking time. In this article,
we will look at Python loops and understand their working with the help of examp – For
loop and While loop to handle looping requirements. Loops in Python provides three ways for
executing the loops.
While all the ways provide similar basic functionality, they differ in their syntax and condition-
checking time. In this article, we will look at Python loops and understand their working with the
help of examples.
While Loop in Python
In Python, a while loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a given
condition is satisfied. When the condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop in
the program is executed.
Python While Loop Syntax:
while expression:
statement(s)
All the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a programming
construct are considered to be part of a single block of code. Python uses indentation as its
method of grouping statements.
Let’s learn how to use a while loop in Python with Examples:
Example of Python While Loop
Let’s see a simple example of a while loop in Python. The given Python code uses a ‘while' loop
to print “Hello Geek” three times by incrementing a variable called ‘count' from 1 to 3.
Python
count = 0
while (count < 3):
count = count + 1
print("Hello Geek")

Output
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Using else statement with While Loop in Python
The else clause is only executed when your while condition becomes false. If you break out of
the loop, or if an exception is raised, it won’t be executed.
Syntax of While Loop with else statement:
while condition:
# execute these statements
else:
# execute these statements
Examples of While Loop with else statement:
Here is an example of while loop with else statement in Python:
The code prints “Hello Geek” three times using a ‘while' loop and then, after the loop, it
prints “In Else Block” because there is an “else” block associated with the ‘while' loop.
Python
count = 0
while (count < 3):
count = count + 1
print("Hello Geek")
else:
print("In Else Block")

Output
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
Hello Geek
In Else Block
Infinite While Loop in Python
If we want a block of code to execute infinite number of time, we can use the while loop in
Python to do so.
The code uses a ‘while' loop with the condition (count == 0). This loop will only run as long
as count is equal to 0. Since count is initially set to 0, the loop will execute indefinitely because
the condition is always true.
Python
count = 0
while (count == 0):
print("Hello Geek")
Note: It is suggested not to use this type of loop as it is a never-ending infinite loop where the
condition is always true and you have to forcefully terminate the compiler.
For Loop in Python
For loops are used for sequential traversal. For example: traversing a list or string or array etc. In
Python, there is “for in” loop which is similar to foreach loop in other languages. Let us learn
how to use for loops in Python for sequential traversals with examples.
For Loop Syntax:
for iterator_var in sequence:
statements(s)
It can be used to iterate over a range and iterators.
Example:
The code uses a Python for loop that iterates over the values from 0 to 3 (not including 4), as
specified by the range(0, n) construct. It will print the values of ‘i' in each iteration of the loop.
Python
n=4
for i in range(0, n):
print(i)

Output
0
1
2
3
Example with List, Tuple, String, and Dictionary Iteration Using for Loops in Python
We can use for loop to iterate lists, tuples, strings and dictionaries in Python.
The code showcases different ways to iterate through various data structures in Python. It
demonstrates iteration over lists, tuples, strings, dictionaries, and sets, printing their elements
or key-value pairs.
The output displays the contents of each data structure as it is iterated.
Python
print("List Iteration")
l = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]
for i in l:
print(i)
print("\nTuple Iteration")
t = ("geeks", "for", "geeks")
for i in t:
print(i)
print("\nString Iteration")
s = "Geeks"
for i in s:
print(i)
print("\nDictionary Iteration")
d = dict()
d['xyz'] = 123
d['abc'] = 345
for i in d:
print("%s %d" % (i, d[i]))
print("\nSet Iteration")
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
for i in set1:
print(i),

Output
List Iteration
geeks
for
geeks

Tuple Iteration
geeks
for
geeks

String Iteration
G
e
e
k
s
Dictionary Iteration
xyz 123
abc 345

Set Iteration
1
2
3
4
5
6
Using else Statement with for Loop in Python
We can also combine else statement with for loop like in while loop. But as there is no condition
in for loop based on which the execution will terminate so the else block will be executed
immediately after for block finishes execution.
In this code, the ‘for' loop iterates over a list and prints each element, just like in the previous
example. However, after the loop is finished, the “else” block is executed. So, in this case, it will
print “Inside Else Block” once the loop completes.
Python
list = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]
for index in range(len(list)):
print(list[index])
else:
print("Inside Else Block")

Output
geeks
for
geeks
Inside Else Block
Nested Loops in Python
Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop which is called nested
loop. Following section shows few examples to illustrate the concept.
Nested Loops Syntax:
for iterator_var in sequence:
for iterator_var in sequence:
statements(s)
statements(s)
The syntax for a nested while loop statement in the Python programming language is as follows:
while expression:
while expression:
 statement(s)
statement(s)
A final note on loop nesting is that we can put any type of loop inside of any other type of loops
in Python. For example, a for loop can be inside a while loop or vice versa.
Example: This Python code uses nested ‘for' loops to create a triangular pattern of numbers. It
iterates from 1 to 4 and, in each iteration, prints the current number multiple times based on the
iteration number. The result is a pyramid-like pattern of numbers.
Python
from __future__ import print_function
for i in range(1, 5):
for j in range(i):
print(i, end=' ')
print()

Output
1
22
333
4444
Jump Statements in Python
Jump Statement: As the name suggests, a jump statement is used to break the normal flow of
the program and jump onto a specific line of code in the program if the specific condition is true.
In simple words, it transfers the execution control of the program to another statement if a
specific condition associated becomes true. As we proceed further you will get a better
understanding of this concept.
Types of Jump Statements:
 Break: As the name suggests, a break statement is used to break or stop a flow control. This
is generally used in a loop. A break statement is used in a loop in such a way, that when a
particular condition becomes true, the break statement is executed and we come out of the
loop immediately at that moment.
Syntax:
Loop{
Condition:
break
}
Example:
Python3

# for loop traversing from 1 to 4

for i in range(1, 5):
 # If this condition becomes true break will execute
if(i == 3):
# Break statement will terminate the entire loop
break
print(i)

Output
1
2
 Continue:
 The continue statement is somewhat similar to the break statement but there is one
significant difference between them. A break statement terminates the entire loop but the
continue statement skips only the current iteration and continues with the rest steps. So, if
we use the continue statement in a loop, it will only skip one iteration when the associated
condition is true and then continue the rest of the loop unlike the break statement.
Syntax:
while True:
...
if x == 100:
continue
print(x)
Example:
Python3

# for loop traversing from 1 to 4

for i in range(1, 5):
# If this condition becomes true continue will execute
if(i == 2):
# Continue statement will skip the iteration when i=2 and
continue the rest of the loop
continue
print(i)

Output
1
3
4
 Pass: The pass statement is an interesting statement, as when it gets executed nothing
happens. It plays the role of a placeholder. This means that, if we want to write a piece of
code over there in the near future but we cannot keep that space empty, then we can use the
 pass statement. In simple words, it is used to avoid getting an error from keeping an empty
space.
Syntax:
def function:
pass
Example:
Python3

# Traversing through every character of the string

for alphabet in 'Legends':
# If alphabet='g' program will do nothing and won't print
the letter
if(alphabet == 'g'):
pass
else:
print(alphabet)

Output
L
e
e
n
d
s
 return: A return statement is also one type of jump statement. “return” statement terminates
a function and returns a value to the calling function. That means the return statement is
overall used to invoke a function so that the passed statements can be executed.
Syntax:
def fun():
statements
.
.
return [expression]
Python3

# Python program to demonstrate the

# return statement

# Function to multiply the two numbers

# x and y
 def multiply(x, y):

# returning the multiplication

# of x and y
return x * y

# Driver Code
result = multiply(3, 5)

print(result)

Output
15