Fundamental Rights

Preeti Bondre
Legal Educator & Training Consultant | Taksha-A-Shila Global
Introduction

• Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35)

• Justiciable and enforceable by courts
• Shield against arbitrary state action
Key Characteristics

• Primarily against the State

• Some rights against private persons (e.g. Art 15(2), 17, 23)
• Non-suspendable: Articles 20 & 21
Six Fundamental Freedoms (Art 19)

• Speech & Expression

• Assembly
• Association
• Movement
• Residence
• Profession
Landmark Cases

• Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) - Due Process

• Kesavananda Bharati - Basic Structure
• AK Gopalan (initial narrow view)
Significance

• Magna Carta of India

• Pillars of Democracy
• Evolved through Judicial Activism