1.
ERROR DETECTION / ERROR CORRECTION USING HAMMING CODE
package abc;
import [Link];
public class Abc {
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
// Input 7-bit data
[Link]("Input data: ");
int[] d = new int[7];
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
{ d[i] = [Link]();
}
// Calculate parity bits
int[] p = new int[4];
p[0] = d[0] ^ d[1] ^ d[3] ^ d[4] ^ d[6]; // p0
p[1] = d[0] ^ d[2] ^ d[3] ^ d[5] ^ d[6]; // p1
p[2] = d[1] ^ d[2] ^ d[3]; // p2
p[3] = d[4] ^ d[5] ^ d[6]; // p3
// Build 11-bit code
int[] code = new int[11];
code[0] = p[0];
code[1] = p[1];
code[2] = d[0];
code[3] = p[2];
code[4] = d[1];
code[5] = d[2];
code[6] = d[3];
code[7] = p[3];
code[8] = d[4];
code[9] = d[5];
code[10] = d[6];
[Link]("Generated code: ");
printArray(code);
// Let user introduce an error for testing
[Link]("Enter the position to alter to check for
error detection at the receiver end: ");
int pos = [Link]();
int[] sentCode = [Link]();
if (pos >= 1 && pos <= 11)
{ sentCode[pos - 1] ^= 1;
}
[Link]("Sent code is: ");
printArray(sentCode);
// Extract bits
int[] pr = new int[4];
int[] rd = new int[7];
pr[0] = sentCode[0];
pr[1] = sentCode[1];
rd[0] = sentCode[2];
pr[2] = sentCode[3];
rd[1] = sentCode[4];
rd[2] = sentCode[5];
rd[3] = sentCode[6];
pr[3] = sentCode[7];
rd[4] = sentCode[8];
rd[5] = sentCode[9];
rd[6] = sentCode[10];
// Calculate syndrome
int[] s = new int[4];
s[0] = pr[0] ^ rd[0] ^ rd[1] ^ rd[3] ^ rd[4] ^ rd[6];
s[1] = pr[1] ^ rd[0] ^ rd[2] ^ rd[3] ^ rd[5] ^ rd[6];
s[2] = pr[2] ^ rd[1] ^ rd[2] ^ rd[3];
s[3] = pr[3] ^ rd[4] ^ rd[5] ^ rd[6];
int errorPos = s[0] * 1 + s[1] * 2 + s[2] * 4 + s[3] * 8;
if (errorPos == 0) {
[Link]("No error detected.");
} else {
[Link]("Error is at location " + errorPos);
sentCode[errorPos - 1] ^= 1;
}
[Link]("Corrected code is: ");
printArray(sentCode);
[Link]("Original data sent: ");
for (int bit : d) {
[Link](bit);
}
[Link]();
}
private static void printArray(int[] arr)
{ for (int bit : arr) {
[Link](bit);
}
[Link]();
}
}
OUTPUT:
2. a. IMPLEMENTATION OF STOP AND WAIT PROTOCOL
STOP WAIT SENDER
package stopwaitsender1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class StopWaitSender1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ String packet, ack, msg = "";
int n, i = 0, sequence = 0;
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(2004);
[Link]("Waiting for connection...");
Socket s = [Link]();
[Link]("Receiver connected");
Scanner br = new Scanner([Link]);
Scanner msgFromReceiver = new Scanner([Link]());
PrintStream dos = new PrintStream([Link]());
[Link]("Enter the data to send: ");
packet = [Link]();
n = [Link]();
while (i < n + 1)
{ if (i < n) {
msg = [Link](sequence);
msg = [Link]([Link](i, i + 1));
} else {
msg = "end";
[Link](msg);
break;
}
[Link](msg);
[Link]("data sent > " + msg);
[Link]("waiting for ack...");
ack = [Link]();
if ([Link]([Link](sequence)))
{ i++;
[Link]("receiver > packet received\n");
sequence = (sequence == 0) ? 1 : 0;
} else {
[Link]("Timeout. Resending data...\n");
}
}
[Link]("All data sent. Exiting.");
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
STOP WAIT RECEIVER
package stopwaitreceiver1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class StopWaitReceiver1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ int sequence = 0;
String packet, data = "";
Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 2004);
[Link]("Connection established:");
PrintStream dos = new PrintStream([Link]());
Scanner msgFromSender = new Scanner([Link]());
[Link]("Connected");
while (true) {
packet = [Link]();
if (![Link]("end")) {
if ([Link]([Link](0, 1)) == sequence)
{ data += [Link](1);
[Link]("\nreceiver > " + packet);
[Link]([Link](sequence));
sequence = (sequence == 0) ? 1 : 0;
} else {
[Link]("\nreceiver > " + packet + "
duplicate data");
[Link]([Link]((sequence == 0) ? 1 : 0));
}
[Link]("data received = " + data);
} else {
[Link]("connection ended...");
[Link]();
break;
}
}
}
}
OUTPUT(SENDER): OUTPUT (RECEIVER):
2. b. IMPLEMENTATION OF SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL
SLIDING WINDOW SENDER
package swsender2;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class SWsender2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ int SWS = 8; // Sender Window Size
int LAR = 0; // Last Acknowledgment Received
int LFS = 0; // Last Frame Sent
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(500);
[Link]("Waiting for connection...");
Socket s = [Link]();
[Link]("Receiver connected.");
Scanner fromReceiver = new Scanner([Link]());
PrintStream toReceiver = new PrintStream([Link]());
Scanner userInput = new Scanner([Link]);
while (true) {
[Link]("Type your message: ");
String message = [Link]();
if ([Link]().equalsIgnoreCase("quit"))
{ [Link](message);
[Link]("Connection closed.");
[Link](0);
}
char[] chars = [Link]();
int i = 0, j = 0;
int sent = 1;
while (i < [Link]()) {
// Sending frames within window
while (i < [Link]() && i < SWS * sent)
{ if (LFS - LAR < SWS) {
[Link](chars[i]);
LFS++;
[Link]("Sent: " + chars[i]);
i++;
}
}
// Receiving acknowledgments
while (j < [Link]() && j < SWS * sent)
{ String ack = [Link]();
[Link](ack);
LAR++;
j++;
}
sent++;
[Link]();
}
}
}
}
SLIDING WINDOW RECEIVER
package swreceiver2;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class SWreceiver2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ int RWS = 8; // Receiver Window Size
int LAF = 0; // Largest Acceptable Frame
int LFR = 0; // Last Frame Received
InetAddress host = [Link]();
Socket s = new Socket(host, 500);
Scanner fromSender = new Scanner([Link]());
PrintStream toSender = new PrintStream([Link]());
[Link]("Connected to sender.");
while (true) {
int i = 0;
while (i < RWS) {
if (LAF - LFR <= RWS) {
String t = [Link]();
if ([Link]("quit")) {
[Link]("Sender ended the connection.");
[Link](0);
}
[Link]("Received: " + t);
LFR++;
[Link]("Acknowledgment for " + t);
LAF++;
}
i++;
}
[Link]();
}
}
}
OUTPUT(SENDER): OUTPUT(RECEIVER):
4. a. SOCKET PROGRAM FOR ECHO CLIENT AND ECHO SERVER COMMANDS
ECHO CLIENT
package echoclient2;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Echoclient2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ InetAddress obj = [Link]();
Socket s = new Socket(obj, 500);
Scanner msgFromServer = new Scanner([Link]());
PrintStream p = new PrintStream([Link]());
Scanner input = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("TYPE YOUR MESSAGE TO SERVER AND TYPE
'quit' TO EXIT");
while (true)
{ [Link]("You: ");
String t = [Link]();
[Link](t);
if ([Link]("quit")) {
break;
}
String response = [Link]();
[Link]("Server echoed: " + response);
}
[Link]();
[Link]("Client closed");
}
}
ECHO SERVER
package echoserver2;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Echoserver2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(500);
Socket s = [Link]();
[Link]("Server is ready");
Scanner msgFromClient = new Scanner([Link]());
PrintStream p = new PrintStream([Link]());
while (true) {
if (![Link]()) break;
String t = [Link]();
[Link]("Received: " + t);
if ([Link]("quit"))
{ break;
}
[Link](t); // Echo the message back
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]("Server closed");
}
}
OUTPUT(SERVER): OUTPUT(CLIENT):
4. b. SOCKET PROGRAM FOR PING AND TRACE-ROUTE COMMANDS
PING SERVER
package pingserver1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Pingserver1 {
public static void main(String[] args)
{ try {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter the IP Address to be pinged: ");
String ip = [Link]();
Runtime runtime = [Link]();
Process process = [Link]("ping " + ip);
Scanner result = new Scanner([Link]());
while ([Link]())
{ [Link]([Link]());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
TCP CLIENT
package tcp2client1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Tcp2client1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8001);
Socket socket = [Link]();
PrintStream out = new PrintStream([Link]());
Scanner inFromClient = new Scanner([Link]());
Scanner input = new Scanner([Link]);
while (true) {
[Link]("Enter the message to send: ");
String message = [Link]();
[Link](message);
if ([Link]("end"))
{ [Link]();
[Link]();
break;
}
String response = [Link]();
[Link]("Message received: " + response);
if ([Link]("end"))
{ [Link]();
[Link]();
break;
}
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
5. ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION
package rc4cipher;
import [Link];
public class RC4Cipher {
private static final int STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH = 256;
// Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA)
public static int[] ksa(String key) {
int[] state = new int[STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH];
int[] keyTable = new int[STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH];
// Fill state and key table
for (int i = 0; i < STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH; i++) {
state[i] = i;
keyTable[i] = [Link](i % [Link]());
}
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH; i++) {
j = (j + state[i] + keyTable[i]) % STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH;
// Swap
int temp = state[i];
state[i] = state[j];
state[j] = temp;
}
return state;
}
// Pseudo-Random Generation Algorithm (PRGA)
public static byte[] rc4EncryptDecrypt(byte[] input, int[] state)
{ int i = 0, j = 0;
int[] s = [Link]();
byte[] output = new byte[[Link]];
for (int k = 0; k < [Link]; k++) {
i = (i + 1) % STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH;
j = (j + s[i]) % STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH;
// Swap
int temp = s[i];
s[i] = s[j];
s[j] = temp;
int t = (s[i] + s[j]) % STATE_ARRAY_LENGTH;
int keystreamByte = s[t];
output[k] = (byte) (input[k] ^ keystreamByte);
}
return output;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Scanner scanner = new
Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter key (max 5 characters): ");
String key = [Link]();
if ([Link]() > 5) {
key = [Link](0, 5); // Restrict to 5 chars
}
[Link]("Enter plaintext: ");
String plainText = [Link]();
byte[] plainBytes = [Link]();
int[] stateTable = ksa(key);
// Encrypt
byte[] encrypted = rc4EncryptDecrypt(plainBytes, stateTable);
[Link]("Encrypted string: ");
for (byte b : encrypted)
{ [Link]((char) b + " ");
}
[Link]();
// Decrypt
byte[] decrypted = rc4EncryptDecrypt(encrypted, stateTable);
[Link]("Decrypted string: ");
for (byte b : decrypted)
{ [Link]((char) b);
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
OUTPUT:
3. STUDY OF SOCKET PROGRAMMING (CLIENT-SERVER MODEL)
TCP SERVER
package tcp1server1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Tcp1server1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8000);
[Link]("Server started. Waiting for client...");
Socket s = [Link]();
[Link]("Client connected!");
Scanner in = new Scanner([Link]);
PrintStream dos = new PrintStream([Link]());
while (true) {
[Link]("Enter message to send: ");
String str = [Link]();
[Link](str);
if ([Link]("end"))
{ [Link]();
break;
}
}
}
}
TCP CLIENT
package tcp1client1;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
public class Tcp1client1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{ Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8000);
Scanner in = new Scanner([Link]());
while (true) {
String str = [Link]();
[Link]("Message Received: " + str);
if ([Link]("end")) {
[Link]();
break;
}
}
}
}
OUTPUT(SERVER):
OUTPUT(CLIENT):