Question Bank
Module 1
Part A
1. The specific gravity of a liquid is 3.0. What is its specific weight, mass density and
specific volume?
2. State Newton’s law of viscosity. Write the equation and give the units of each term.
3. Define kinematic viscosity. What is its physical significance?
4. Explain the effect of temperature on the viscosity of liquids and gases. Give physical
reasons for the observed behaviour.
5. Elaborate the different types of fluids with examples.
6. Explain the following: (i) Surface tension, (ii) Capillary effect.
7. Define the following: (i)Vacuum pressure, (ii) Absolute pressure. Also, write the
mathematical relation connecting them.
8. State and explain Pascal’s law. List some applications of this law.
9. Discuss about Hydrostatic law. How can atmospheric pressure be measured?
10. Write the equation to determine total pressure and point of application of total pressure
for a vertical surface. Define the variables used in the equation.
11. Write the equation to determine total pressure and point of application of total pressure
for an inclined flat surface. Define the variables used in the equation.
12. State Archimedes’ Principle. Also define Buoyant Force and centre of buoyancy.
13. Discuss about metacentre and define metacentric height.
14. What are the equilibrium conditions of a floating body?
15. What are the standard equilibrium conditions for a completely submerged body in a
fluid?
Part B
1. 10 litres of petrol have specific gravity of 0.7. Calculate the following: (i) mass density,
(ii) specific weight, (iii) specific volume, (iv) mass and (v) weight.
2. Two square flat plates with each side 60 cm are spaced 12.5 mm apart with an oil film
between the plates. The lower plate is stationary and the upper plate requires a force of
100 N to keep it moving with a velocity of 2.5 m/s. Assuming a linear velocity
distribution, determine: (i) the dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise, and (ii) the
kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.95.
3. A rectangular block of 40 cm X 60 cm sides weighing 300 N is allowed to slide down an
inclined plane surface making an angle of 300 with the horizontal. There is a cushion of
uniform layer of oil 1.5 mm thick between the inclined plane surface and the block. If
the expected steady state velocity of the block is 0.3 m/s, determine the viscosity of oil.
4. A cubical block weighing 4.5 N and having a 40 cm edge is allowed to slide down an
inclined plane surface making an angle of 400 with the horizontal on which there is a
uniform layer of oil 0.005 cm thick. If the expected steady state velocity of the block is
12.5 cm/s, determine the viscosity of the oil. Also express the kinematic viscosity in
stokes if the oil has a mass density of 800 kg/m3.
5. A thin flat plate of 0.3 m2 area moves through oil between two large fixed parallel planes
10 cm apart. The velocity of the plate is 0.6 m/s. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.8 and
kinematic viscosity of 0.45 x 10-4 m2/s. Calculate the drag force required when the plate
is 3 cm from one of the planes.
6. A hydraulic lift used for lifting automobiles has 20 cm diameter ram which slides in a
20.016 cm diameter cylinder. The annular space between the cylinder and ram is filled
with an oil of kinematic viscosity 3.5 stokes and relative density 0.85. If the travel of 3.2
m long ram has a uniform rate of 15 cm/s, estimate the frictional resistance experienced
by the ram.
7. Dynamic viscosity of oil used for lubrication between a journal-bearing arrangement is
0.6 Poise. The shaft is 40 mm in diameter and rotates at 1900 rpm. Calculate the
frictional torque the journal has to overcome and the corresponding power loss in the
bearing if the journal bearing arrangement is 90 mm long. Thickness of oil is 0.15 mm.
8. A gauge on the suction side of a pump shows a negative pressure of 0.285 bar. Express
this pressure in terms of (i) kPa gauge (ii) N/m2 absolute (iii) m of water gauge (iv) m
of oil (specific gravity 0.85) absolute and (v) cm of mercury gauge. Take atmospheric
pressure as 76 cm of mercury and relative density of mercury as 13.6.
9. A diver is working at a depth of 20 m below the surface of sea water (sp. wt. = 10 kN/m3).
Calculate the pressure intensity at this depth. What would be the absolute pressure if
barometer reads 760 mm of mercury column at the sea level.
10. Determine the difference of pressure between pipes A and B when connected to an
inverted U-tube differential manometer containing oil of specific gravity 0.8 as the
manometric liquid. The pipe A conveys water and a fluid of specific gravity 0.9 flows
through the pipe B. The position of manometric liquid in the manometer limbs is as
indicated in the figure. If PB = 5 × 104 N/m2, find the pressure in pipe A.
11. A differential manometer is connected to two pipes whose centres are at 3 m difference
in height. Higher level pipe is carrying carbon tetrachloride of specific gravity 1.5 under
a pressure of 1.05 bar and the other pipe is carrying an oil of specific gravity 0.9 under
a pressure of 1.8 bar. The centre of the pipe carrying oil is 2 m above the higher level of
mercury in the manometer. Find out the difference in mercury level in the manometer.
12. A triangular plate of base width 4 m and height 4 m lies immersed in an oil of specific
gravity 0.8 with the apex downwards. The base of the plate is parallel and coincide with
the free surface of oil. Calculate the total pressure on the plate and the depth of the
centre of pressure.
13. A rectangular plate 3 m x 5 m is immersed vertically in water such that the 3 m side is
parallel to the water surface. Determine the hydrostatic force and the centre of pressure
if the top edge of the surface is 2 m below the water surface.
14. A circular plate of diameter 1.2 m is placed vertically in water in such a way that the
centre of the plate is 2.5 m below the free surface of water. Determine the total pressure
and the position of the centre of pressure.
15. A rectangular lamina 2 m x 1m is held in water at a depth of 1.5 m below the free water
surface. (i) If the 2 m height is vertical, determine the total pressure force on the lamina
and depth of centre of pressure. (ii) If the 1 m side is vertical, then find out the total
pressure and depth of centre of pressure. Comment on the results in both cases.
16. A triangular plate of base width 2 m and height 3 m is immersed in water with the apex
downwards making an angle of 60˚ with the free surface of water as shown. Calculate
the total pressure on the plate and the depth of the centre of pressure when the apex of
the triangle lies 5 m below the free surface of water.
17. A block weighing 400 N in air weighs 225 N in water. Calculate volume of the block and
its relative density by assuming the block is fully submerged in water.
18. A body having dimensions 1 m×2.0 m×3.0 m weighs 1995 N when immersed in water.
Determine its weight in air and calculate its specific gravity.
19. Determine the density of a metallic body that floats at the interface between mercury
(specific gravity = 13.6) and water, such that 40% of its volume is submerged in mercury
and the remaining 60% is submerged in water.
20. With suitable sketches and relevant equations, explain pressure measurement using
simple barometer.
21. With suitable sketches and relevant equations, explain pressure measurement using a
U-tube differential mercury manometer.
22. With suitable sketches and relevant equations, explain pressure measurement using an
inverted U-tube differential manometer.
23. With the help of neat sketches, illustrate the various conditions for the stability of a
floating body.
24. With the help of neat sketches, illustrate the various conditions for the stability of a
submerged body.
25. Define and discuss the conditions of stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium for i)
floating bodies and ii) fully submerged bodies. Provide neat sketches in your
explanation.