Certificate
This is to certify that _________________
Shubh Pathk of class XII has
successfully completed the Physics investigatory
project titled “To study the factors on which the
self-inductance of a coil depends” under the
guidance of subject teacher Rameez Sir during the
year 2025-26 from the Siddhant world school in
partial fulfilment of physics practical examination
conducted by CBSE.
Teacher Incharge: _______________ External Examiner: ________________
Principal: ________________ School Rubber Stamp
Acknowledgement
The success and outcome of this project required a lot of
guidance and assistance from many people and I am
extremely fortunate to have got this all along the
completion of my project work. Whatever I have done is
only due to such guidance and assistance and I would not
forget to thank them.
I respect and thank Rameez Sir, for giving me an
opportunity to do this project work and providing us all
support and guidance which made me complete the
project on time.
Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends
who supported me all the way and my parents who helped
me financially and encouraged me throughout in the
completion of project.
Introduction
There are four basic factors of inductor construction
determining the amount of inductance created. These factors
all indicate inductance by affecting how much magnetic field
flux will develop for a given amount of magnetic field force
(current through the inductor’s wire coil.
The factors are: -
• NUMBER OF WIRE WRAPS, OR “TURNS” IN THE
COIL.
• COIL AREA.
• COIL LENGTH.
• CORE MATERIAL.
Aim:-
To study the factor on which the Self Inductance of a coil
depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series
with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency.
Apparatus Required:-
A coil of large turns, A.C. source of adjustable frequency, an
electric bulb, (6 V) A.C. ammeter of suitable range, rheostat,
a soft iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
Theory:-
Self Inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the
change in current through it. The Self Inductance of a coil
(long solenoid) is
L =μ0μr N2 A
Where μr= Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic
material,
μr =μμμ°
▪ N= Total number of turns in solenoid
▪ A= Area of cross section of solenoid
▪ l= Length of solenoid
Hence, the Self Inductance depends upon
• No. of turns (N), L α N2
• Geometry of coil, L=A, L α 1/l
• Nature of core material, L= μ
When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb)
with a variable source of frequency, then current flowing in
the bulb is
I rms=E rms
Z
Where Z= (R2 + ω2L2)½=Impedance of the A.C. Circuit
R= Resistance of bulb
L= Self Inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C. source.
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
Or,
P=H/t= I2rmsZ
P= I2rms(R2 + ω2L2)½
Circuit Diagram:-
Procedure:-
▪ Make all connections as shown in circuit diagram.
▪ Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the constant
current in the circuit by using the variable resistor (R1)
(let frequency of source is 60 Hz and voltage is 6V).
▪ Record the current in A.C. ammeter and see the
brightness of bulb.
▪ Now, put the soft iron rod inside the inductor core and
record the current in A.C. ammeter and again check the
brightness of bulb. The current and brightness both
decreases.
▪ Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of
A.C. source (say 50 Hz).
▪ Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in
circuit at same constant voltage 6V by using the rheostat.
Note the current in ammeter and brightness of bulb. The
current and brightness both will increases.
▪ Again insert the iron in the core of coil and note the
current and brightness. The current and brightness both
decreases.
▪ Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequency of A.C.
source (say 40 Hz,30 Hz and 20 Hz).
Fig 1.1: Experimental setup of experiment.
Observations
▪ Least Count Error= 0 A.
▪ Zero error of ammeter =0 A.
▪ Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.
S Frequency of Current in Current in
No. applied ammeter ammeter
voltage(Hz) without with iron
iron rod in rod in coil
coil (A) (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
Result:-
• The current in the circuit decreases on inserting the iron
rod in the core of coil at constant frequency of applied voltage
and brightness of bulb decreases and vice-versa.
• The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the
frequency of applied voltage and vice-versa. Therefore, the
brightness of bulb increases.
Precautions:-
• The coil should have large number of turns.
• Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the
heating effect.
• There should not be parallax in taking the reading of
ammeter.
Sources of Error:-
• The resistance of circuit may increases slightly due to
heating effect of current.
• There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
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