Sree Ayyappa Public School

Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi

Sector V, Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand - 827006

ACADEMIC SESSION : 2026 – 27

SUMMER HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENTS IN PHYSICS (042)
Std. XII
Section A: MCQs
1. Coulomb's law is valid for charges that are:
(a) Point charges (b) Line charges (c) Surface charges (d) Distributed charges
2. The SI unit of electric field is:
(a) N/C (b) C/N (c) V/m (d) Both (a) and (c)
3. The force between two charges in air is F. If the medium is replaced by dielectric constant 4,
force becomes:
(a) F (b) F/2 (c) F/4 (d) 4F
4. Electric field inside a conductor is:
(a) Maximum (b) Zero (c) Minimum (d) Infinite
5. Electric lines of force never:
(a) Start from positive charges (b) End at negative charges
(c) Intersect each other (d) Form closed loops
6. The work done in moving a charge in an equipotential surface is:
(a) Maximum (b) Zero (c) Negative (d) Infinite
7. Capacitance depends on:
(a) Charge (b) Potential (c) Geometry (d) Time
8. Unit of capacitance is:
(a) Volt (b) Farad (c) Coulomb (d) Ohm
9. Energy stored in capacitor is:
(a) CV (b) 1/2 CV (c) 1/2 CV2 (d) C/V
10. Electric potential is a:
(a) Scalar (b) Vector (c) Tensor (d) None
11. Potential due to a point charge varies as:
(a) r (b) 1/r (c) 1/r2 (d) r2
12. Electric dipole moment is:
(a) Scalar (b) Vector (c) Constant (d) None
13. Direction of dipole moment is:
(a) From - to + (b) From + to - (c) Perpendicular (d) Random
14. Torque on dipole in field is maximum when angle is:
(a) 0 (b) 90 (c) 180 (d) 45
15. Electric field due to infinite plane sheet is:
(a) Zero (b) Constant (c) Infinite (d) Variable
16. Gauss law relates:
(a) Flux and charge (b) Force and charge (c) Potential and field (d) Energy and charge
17. Electric flux unit is:
(a) Nm2/C (b) N/C (c) V (d) J
18. Inside a charged shell, field is:
(a) Zero (b) Infinite (c) Constant (d) Variable
19. Capacitors in series have:
(a) Same voltage (b) Same charge (c) Same capacitance (d) None
20. Capacitors in parallel have:
(a) Same charge (b) Same voltage (c) Same resistance (d) None
21. Electric field lines originate from:
(a) Negative charges (b) Positive charges (c) Neutral bodies (d) All
22. Potential difference unit is:
(a) Joule (b) Volt (c) Watt (d) Ampere
23. Work done in bringing charge from infinity is:
(a) Zero (b) Equal to potential energy (c) Negative (d) Infinite
24. Dielectric increases capacitance by:
(a) Reducing charge (b) Increasing voltage (c) Reducing field (d) All

1
25. Field inside cavity of conductor is:
(a) Zero (b) Non-zero (c) Infinite (d) Variable
SECTION B: CASE-BASED QUESTIONS
Case 1:
A parallel plate capacitor consists of two large conducting plates separated by a small distance and
connected to a battery that maintains a constant potential difference. When a dielectric material (an
insulating substance) is inserted between the plates, the electric field inside the capacitor decreases
due to polarization of the dielectric. This polarization produces induced charges that oppose the
original field. As a result, the ability of the capacitor to store charge increases.
If the battery remains connected, the potential difference stays constant, and more charge flows onto
the plates. Hence, the capacitance increases by a factor equal to the dielectric constant (K). The
energy stored in the capacitor also changes depending on whether the battery is connected or
disconnected.
This principle is widely used in electronic devices to increase energy storage capacity without
increasing size.
(a) What happens to capacitance if dielectric is inserted?
(b) What happens to charge?
(c) What happens to energy?
(d)What is the energy density of Capacitor?
Case 2:
According to Coulomb’s law, the force between two point charges depends not only on the
magnitude of charges and distance between them but also on the nature of the medium in which
they are placed. This effect is represented by the dielectric constant (K) of the medium.
When charges are placed in a medium other than vacuum or air, the electrostatic force between
them decreases. This happens because the medium reduces the effective electric field due to
polarization. A higher dielectric constant means greater reduction in force.
This concept is important in designing capacitors and insulating materials used in electrical systems,
where controlling electrostatic interactions is necessary.
(a) Define dielectric constant.
(b) How does force change?
(c) Give example.
Case 3:
Electric field lines are imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of an electric
field. These lines originate from positive charges and terminate on negative charges. The density of
field lines indicates the strength of the field — closer lines mean a stronger field.
A key property of electric field lines is that they never intersect. If they did, it would imply that the
electric field has two different directions at the same point, which is physically impossible. At any
point, the direction of the electric field is given by the tangent to the field line.
These field patterns help visualize electric forces and are widely used in understanding charge
distributions.
(a) Draw field lines.
(b) Explain why they don't intersect.
(c) Define electric flux.
Case 4:
In electrostatic equilibrium, free charges inside a conductor rearrange themselves such that the
electric field inside the conductor becomes zero. This happens because any internal electric field
would cause continuous movement of charges, which contradicts equilibrium.
All excess charge resides on the surface of the conductor, and the electric potential throughout the
conductor remains constant. This property leads to the concept of electrostatic shielding, where the
interior of a conductor is protected from external electric fields.
Gauss’s law provides a mathematical explanation of this behavior by relating electric flux to the
enclosed charge.
This principle is used in devices like Faraday cages to protect sensitive equipment.
(a) What happens to field inside?
(b) Explain shielding.
(c) Define Gauss law.

2
Case 5:
An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. When
placed in a uniform electric field, the dipole experiences forces on both charges. These forces are
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in zero net force but producing a torque.
This torque tends to rotate the dipole to align it with the electric field. The torque is maximum when
the dipole is perpendicular to the field and zero when it is aligned with the field.
The dipole moment is a vector quantity directed from negative to positive charge and determines
how strongly the dipole interacts with the field.
This concept is important in understanding molecular polarity and behavior of substances in electric
fields.
(a) Define dipole moment.
(b) Write torque formula.
(c) When is torque maximum?
Two Marks Questions (PYQs)
1. State Coulomb’s law and define permittivity of free space.
2. Define electric field intensity. Write its SI unit.
3. What is electric flux? Write its expression.
4. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics.
5. Define electric potential difference.
6. What is capacitance? Write its SI unit.
7. Define dielectric constant.
8. What is an equipotential surface?
9. Define electric dipole moment.
10. Write expression for force between two point charges in vacuum.
Three Marks Questions (PYQs)
1. Derive expression for electric field due to a point charge.
2. Explain properties of electric field lines.
3. Using Gauss’s law, derive electric field due to an infinite plane sheet.
4. Obtain relation between electric field and potential.
5. Derive torque acting on an electric dipole in uniform electric field.
6. Derive expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
7. Explain effect of dielectric slab on capacitance.
8. Derive expression for electric potential due to a point charge.
9. Explain concept of equipotential surfaces with properties.
10. Derive expression for electric field at axial point of a dipole.
Five Marks Questions (PYQs)
1. Using Gauss’s law, derive electric field due to a uniformly charged spherical shell
(inside and outside).
2. Derive expression for energy stored in a capacitor.
3. Derive expression for capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric medium.
4. Derive expression for electric field at equatorial point of an electric dipole.
5. Derive expression for potential due to an electric dipole.
Section C: Numerical Questions
1. Calculate force between two charges 2C and 3C separated by 2m.
2. Find electric field at distance 1m from charge 5C.
3. Calculate capacitance of capacitor with area 1m^2 and separation 1mm.
4. Find energy stored in capacitor of 2F with voltage 5V.
5. Calculate dipole moment for charges 1C separated by 1m.
COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS:
1. A point charge q is placed at the centre of a spherical cavity inside a large conducting
body.
Find the electric field at a point inside the cavity at distance r from the charge.
Also determine the induced charge distribution on the inner surface.
2. A thin rod of length L carries a charge with linear density λ=λ0x, where x is measured from
one end.
Find the electric field at a point located on the axis of the rod at distance a from its nearer end.
3
3. A uniformly charged disc of radius R has surface charge density σ.
Find the electric field at a point on its axis at distance x.
Show that for x≫R, the field reduces to that of a point charge.
4. A point charge q is placed at one corner of a cube.
Find the electric flux through:
(i) one face not containing the charge (ii) the entire cube
5. A uniformly charged sphere of radius R carries total charge Q.
Find the electric potential at a distance r from the centre (inside and outside).
Using this, calculate the total electrostatic energy stored in the sphere.
LONG TYPE QUESTIONS
1. State Coulomb's law. Write the formula of coulomb force in vector form .
2. Two point charges q 1 and q 2 are separated by a distance d from each other .It is given
that halfway is vacuum and other halfway is dielectric medium of dielectric constant K ,
then find the force experience by them.
3. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential.
4. By using Gauss's theorem derive the expression for electric field due to infinitely charged
long straight wire .
5. State Gauss's law . By using this law derive the expression for electric field due to
infinitely charged thin non conducting sheet .
6. There are two non conducting sheets which are charged and having surface charge
densities + p and - p . Determine the electric field between and beyond the two sheets.
7. 4 equal point charges are kept at the vertices of a square each equal to q and side of the
square is d .Determine the electrostatic potential energy of the configuration assuming the
potential energy at Infinity is zero .
8. Derive the expression for electric field due to an electric dipole at axial point .
9. If electric field in the space E = 2 i + 2 j + 4 k and area vector is S = 5 i - 3 j + 6 k . Find
the electric flux passes through the surface.
10. What is the minimum force experienced by two charged particles kept at 1 m distance
apart. Electric field does not exist inside the conductor why?
11. Two concentric spherical shells of radii R and 2 R are given charges Q1 and Q 2
respectively The surface charge densities on the outer surfaces are equal .Determine the
ratio Q1 is to Q 2 ..
12 . The electric potential varies in the space as V = 3 x 2 + 2 y 4 , determine the electric field
in the space whose coordinate is ( 2 , 3 ,2 )
13 . A 100 p F capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 24 V . It is connected to an
uncharged capacitor of capacitance 20 p F . What will be the new potential difference
across the 100 p F capacitor.
14. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 100 microfarad is connected to a power supply of
200 V. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant 5 is now inserted into the gap between the
plates (a) find the extra charge flown through the power supply and the work done by the
supply ( b) find the change in the electrostatic potential energy of the electric field in the
capacitor .
15 . 12 capacitors each having a capacitance C , are connected to form a cube find the
equivalent capacitance between the diagonally opposite corners of the cube .
16. A charge particle is projected between the halfway of the two conducting plates upper
plate carries positive charge and lower plate carries negative charge with velocity V the
length of the plate is L and separation between the plate is d . Determine a) the equation of
trajectory followed by the charge particle b) the speed at which it emerge out from electric
field of magnitude E .
17. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K and thickness 't’ area of each plate and facing
surface area of dielectric is A , is kept between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor with
plate separation 'd' (t < d) . Derive the expression for the capacitance of the capacitor.
18. A semi circular wire carries charge Q which is uniformly distributed along its length. Find
the electric field at its centre .

4
19. An electric field E = 10 X exists along + ve X axis . Take the potential at ( 10m , 20 m ) to
be zero. Find the potential at the origin .20 . Two identical pith balls each carrying a
charge Q are suspended from a common point by two strings of equal length L . Find the
mass of each ball if the angle between the strings is 2 w in equilibrium
ASSERTION & REASONS QUESTIONS
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason.
While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four
responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Q.1. Assertion (A): If the distance between parallel plates of a capacitor is halved and
dielectric constant is three times, then the capacitance becomes 6
times.
Reason : Capacity of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the
material.
Q.2. Assertion (A): A parallel plate capacitor is connected across battery through a key.
A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K is introduced between the
plates. The energy which is stored becomes K times.
Reason (R) : The surface density of charge on the plate remains constant or
unchanged.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : The total charge stored in a capacitor is zero.
Reason (R) : The field just outside the capacitor is σ/ε0 . (σ is the charge density).
Q.4. Assertion (A): The electrostatic force between the plates of a charged isolated
capacitor decreases when dielectric fills whole space between
plates.
Reason (R): The electric field between the plates of a charged isolated
capacitance increases when dielectric fills whole space between
plates.
Q.5. Assertion (A): Two concentric charged shells are given. The potential difference
between the shells depends on charge of inner shell.
Reason (R): Potential due to charge of outer shell remains same at every point
inside the sphere.
Q.6. Assertion (A): Two equipotential surfaces cannot cut each other.
Reason (R): Two equipotential surfaces are parallel to each other.
Q.7. Assertion (A): The potential difference between any two points in an electric field
depends only on initial and final position.
Reason(R): Electric field is a conservative field so the work done per unit
positive charge does not depend on path followed.
Q.8. Assertion (A): Electric field inside a conductor is zero.
Reason (R): The potential at all the points inside a conductor is same.
Q.9. Assertion (A): Electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a spherical
charged shell.
Reason (R): Electric potential is continuous across the surface of a spherical
charged shell.
Q.10. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge between any two points in an
electric field is independent of the path followed by the charge,
between these points.
Reason (R) : Electrostatic force is a non conservative force.
Q.11. Assertion (A): Two adjacent conductors of unequal dimensions, carrying the same
positive charge have a potential difference between them.
Reason (R) : The potential of a conductor depends upon the charge given to it.

5
Q.12. Assertion (A): Electric potential and electric potential energy are different
quantities.
Reason (R): For a system of positive test charge and point charge electric
potential energy = electric potential.
Q.13. Assertion (A): For a non-uniformly charged thin circular ring with net charge is
zero, the electric field at any point on axis of the ring is zero.
Reason (R): For a non-uniformly charged thin circular ring with net charge zero,
the electric potential at each point on axis of the ring is zero.
Q.14. Assertion (A): For a charged particle moving from point P to point Q, the net work
done by an electrostatic field on the particle is independent of the
path connecting point P to point Q.
Reason (R): The net work done by a conservative force on an object moving
along a closed loop is zero.
Q.15. Assertion (A) : Polar molecules have permanent dipole moment.
Reason (R) : In polar molecules, the centres of positive and negative charges
coincide even when there is no external field.
Q.16. Assertion (A): Dielectric polarisation means formation of positive and negative
charges inside the dielectric.
Reason (R) : Free electrons are formed in this process.
Q.17. Assertion (A) : In the absence of an external electric field, the dipole moment per
unit volume of a polar dielectric is zero.
Reason (R) : The dipoles of a polar dielectric are randomly oriented.
Q.18. Assertion (A) : For a point charge, concentric spheres centered at a location of the
charge are equipotential surfaces.
Reason (R): An equipotential surface is a surface over which potential has zero
value.
Q.19. Assertion (A): Electric energy resides out of the spherical isolated conductor.
Reason (R): The electric field at any point inside the conductor is zero.
Q.20. Assertion (A) : Two equipotential surfaces cannot cut each other.
Reason (R): Two equipotential surfaces are parallel to each other.
Q.21. Assertion (A): Two equipotential surfaces can be orthogonal.
Reason (R): Electric field lines are normal to the equipotential surface.
Q.22. Assertion (A): The equatorial plane of a dipole is an equipotential surface.
Reason (R): The electric potential at any point on equatorial plane is zero.
Q.23. Assertion (A): The electric potential at any point on the equatorial plane of a
dipole is zero.
Reason (R): The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a
point in equatorial plane is equal for the two charges of the dipole.
Q.24. Assertion (A): A parallel plate capacitor is connected across battery through a key.
A dielectric slab of dielectric constant k is introduced between the
plates. The energy stored becomes k times.
Reason (R) : The surface density of charge on the plate remains constant.
Q.25. Assertion (A): Two metal plates having charges Q, –Q face each other at some
separation and are dipped into an oil tank. If the oil is pumped out,
the electric field between the plates increases.
Reason (R) : Electric field between the plates, Emed = Eair/K
Q.26. Assertion (A): When a dielectric slab is gradually inserted between the plates of an
isolated parallel-plate capacitor, the energy of the system decreases.
Reason (R) : The force between the plates decreases.
Q.27. Assertion (A): A dielectric is inserted between the plates of a battery connected
capacitor. The energy of the capacitor increases.
Reason (R) : Energy of the capacitor, U=CV2/2