Sree Ayyappa Public School

Sector V, Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand - 827006

ACADEMIC SESSION : 2026 – 27
SUMMER ASSIGNMENTS ON CHEMISTRY
Std. XII
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Correct Option)
1. Which of the following concentration terms is independent of temperature?
A) Molarity B) Molality C) Normality D) Formality
2. An aqueous solution of acetone and chloroform shows which type of deviation from Raoult's law?
A) Positive deviation B) Negative deviation
C) Zero deviation D) First positive then negative deviation
3. What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid with an increase in temperature?
A) Increases B) Decreases C) Remains unchanged D) First increases then decreases
4. Which of the following aqueous solutions will exhibit the highest boiling point?
A) 0.1 M Glucose B) 0.1 M NaCl C) 0.1 MgCl2 D) 0.1 M Urea
5. The value of Henry's law constant (KH) is:
A) Greater for gases with higher solubility B) Greater for gases with lower solubility
C) Constant for all gases at all temperatures D) Independent of the nature of the gas
6. For an ideal solution, which of the following conditions is not correct?
A) ∆ Hmixing = 0 B) ∆ Vmixing= 0 C) ∆ Smixing= 0 D) ∆ Ptotal=PA + PB
7. The osmotic pressure of a solution can be increased by:
A) Increasing the temperature B) Decreasing the concentration of solute
C) Increasing the volume of the vessel D) Decreasing the temperature
8. The Van 't Hoff factor (i) for a dilute aqueous solution of potassium ferricyanide, K3[Fe(CN)6],
assuming complete ionization, is:
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
9. An azeotropic mixture of two liquids boils at a lower temperature than either of them when it shows:
A) A large positive deviation from Raoult's law B) A large negative deviation from Raoult's law
C) No deviation from Raoult's law D) Ideal behavior
10. If two liquids A and B form an ideal solution, the gibbs free energy of mixing ( ∆ Gmixing) is:
A) Zero B) Positive C) Negative D) Infinitely large
11. Which colligative property is most preferred for determining the molar mass of proteins and
polymers?
A) Relative lowering of vapour pressure B) Elevation of boiling point
C) Depression of freezing point D) Osmotic pressure
12. Plant cells shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution. This phenomenon is known as:
A) Electrolysis B) Plasmolysis C) Hemolysis D) Diffusion
13. The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to:
A) Mole fraction of the solvent B) Mole fraction of the solute
C) Molarity of the solution D) Molality of the solution
14. During the depression of freezing point experiment, which of the following are in equilibrium?
A) Liquid solvent and solid solute B) Liquid solute and solid solute
C) Liquid solvent and solid solvent D) Liquid solution and solid solute
15. If a non-volatile solute undergoes dimerization in a solvent, its Van 't Hoff factor (i) will be:
A) i = 1 B) i > 1 C) i < 1 D) i = 0
16. What is the mole fraction of glucose in a 10% (w/w) aqueous glucose solution?
A) 0.011 B) 0.1 C) 0.055 D) 0.18
17. Isotonic solutions must have the same:
A) Solute B) Solvent
C) Molar concentration at a given temperature D) Boiling point elevation
18. Value of Van 't Hoff factor (i) for an aqueous solution of acetic acid in water is:
A) Equal to 1 B) Greater than 1 C) Less than 1 D) Equal to 0

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19. The vapour pressure of a pure liquid solvent A is 0.80 atm. When a non-volatile solute B is added, the
vapour pressure drops to 0.60 atm. What is the mole fraction of component A in the solution?
A) 0.25 B) 0.50 C) 0.75 D) 0.33
20. Ebullioscopic constant depends upon:
A) Nature of the solute B) Nature of the solvent
C) Temperature of the solution D) Concentration of the solute
ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS
Directions: In the following questions (21-25), a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct option from the following options:
A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
21. Assertion (A): Molarity of a solution changes with temperature.
Reason (R): Volume of a solution is dependent on temperature.
22. Assertion (A): Nitric acid and water form a maximum boiling azeotrope.
Reason (R): The interactions between HNO3 and water molecules are weaker than those between
pure components.
23. Assertion (A): Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R): Osmotic pressure depends only on the number of solute particles and not on their
nature.
24. Assertion (A): Cooking food is faster in a pressure cooker at high altitudes.
Reason (R): The boiling point of water increases inside the pressure cooker due to high pressure.
25. Assertion (A): When NaCl is added to water, its freezing point decreases.
Reason (R): The vapour pressure of the solution becomes lower than that of pure water.

Numerical Questions (Problem-Solving)

26. Calculate the mole fraction of glucose in a solution containing 180 g glucose and
360 g water.
27. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g NaOH in 200 g water. Calculate
molality.
28. Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 298 K if mole fraction of non-volatile solute is 0.2. (Given
vapour pressure of pure water = 23.8 mmHg).
29. 5 g urea is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate depression in freezing point. (Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol).
30. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.1 M NaCl solution at 300 K. (R = 0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹).
31. 10 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 200 g benzene. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is 100
mmHg. Calculate relative lowering of vapour pressure.
32. Calculate molarity of a solution containing 49 g H₂SO₄ in 500 mL solution.
33. 2 g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 g benzene. Calculate molar mass if depression in freezing point is
1.62 K. (Kf = 4.9 K kg/mol).
34. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution containing 46 g ethanol and 180 g water.
35. A solution contains 5 g NaCl in 100 g water. Calculate elevation in boiling point. (Kb = 0.52 K
kg/mol).
36. Calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K under 1 atm pressure.
(Henry’s law constant=1.3 × 10⁻³ mol/L·atm).
37. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a 0.2 m aqueous solution of NaCl. Assume complete
dissociation of NaCl. The boiling point elevation constant (Kb) for water is 0.52°C/m.
38. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water
at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated
39. 1 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 100 g water. Vapour pressure of pure water is 20 mmHg.
Calculate relative lowering of vapour pressure.
40. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 34.2 g sucrose in 200 g water. (Kf = 1.86 K
kg/mol).
41. 0.1 molNaCl is dissolved in 1 kg water. Calculate depression in freezing point.
42. Calculate the molar mass of solute if 0.6 g solute lowers vapour pressure of water from 23.8 mmHg to
23.6 mmHg at 298 K.
43. 10 g KCl is dissolved in 200 g water. Calculate osmotic pressure at 300 K.
44. Calculate mole fraction of solute in a solution containing 20 g NaOH in 180 g water.
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45. 5 g urea is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate elevation in boiling point. (Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol).
46. Calculate molality of a solution containing 36 g glucose in 500 g water.
47. 2 g NaOH is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate depression in freezing point.
48. Calculate osmotic pressure of 0.05 M sucrose solution at 298 K.
Value-Based & Application Questions
49. Scuba Diving Safety Protocols.
Context: Deep-sea scuba divers often experience a painful and life-threatening medical condition
known as "the bends" (decompression sickness) when they ascend to the surface too rapidly. To
mitigate this risk, modern diving cylinders are filled with air diluted with Helium (11.7%He, 56.2%N2,
32.1%O2).
Questions:
(a) Explain the chemical principle (Henry's Law) that causes decompression
sickness in divers.
(b) Why is Helium specifically chosen as a diluent instead of simply using
regular compressed atmospheric air?
(c) What core value regarding human safety and scientific responsibility is demonstrated by this
engineering modification?
50. Winter Road Management and Eco-Balance.
Context: During heavy winter snowfalls in high-altitude cold regions, civic authorities spray massive
amounts of common salt (NaCl) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) over public roads to clear the accumulated
ice and restore traffic flow.
Questions:
(a) Identify the specific chemical colligative property utilized in this clearing
practice. Explain how it functions.
(b) Between NaCl and CaCl2, which compound will clear ice more efficiently
at a lower temperature per mole? Justify your choice.
(c) Excessive runoff of these salting agents runs into nearby fresh soils and waterways. What
ecological hazard does this pose, and what value should citizens uphold regarding
environmental management?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (CONCEPTUAL)
1. Define mole fraction.
2. State Raoult’s law for a solution of volatile liquids.
3. What is the difference between ideal and non-ideal solutions?
4. Explain the term colligative properties.
5. Why is osmotic pressure considered a colligative property?
6. Define Henry’s law.
7. Give one application of Henry’s law in daily life.
8. What is meant by azeotropes?
9. Differentiate between positive and negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
10. State the relation between elevation in boiling point and molal mass of solute.
11. Why does common salt spread on icy roads help in melting ice?
12. Define cryoscopic constant.
13. What is meant by van’t Hoff factor (i)?
14. Explain reverse osmosis.
15. Why is the vapour pressure of a solution lower than that of pure solvent?
16. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of gases in liquids?
17. Define isotonic solutions.
18. What is the significance of colligative properties in determining molar mass?
19. Explain the term “abnormal molar mass.”
20. Why does a solution show depression in freezing point?
21. State the mathematical expression of Henry’s law.
22. What is the difference between molarity and molality?
23. Why is molality preferred over molarity in expressing concentration?
24. Define ebullioscopic constant.
25. Give one example of a solution showing negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS (PROBLEM-SOLVING)
1. Calculate the mole fraction of glucose in a solution containing 180 g glucose and 360 g water.
2. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g NaOH in 200 g water. Calculate molality.
3. Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 298 K if mole fraction of non-volatile solute is 0.2. (Given
vapour pressure of pure water = 23.8 mmHg).

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4. 5 g urea is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate depression in freezing point.
(Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol).
5. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.1 M NaCl solution at 300 K. (R = 0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹).
6. 10 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 200 g benzene. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is 100
mmHg. Calculate relative lowering of vapour pressure.
7. Calculate molarity of a solution containing 49 g H₂SO₄ in 500 mL solution.
8. 2 g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 g benzene. Calculate molar mass if depression in freezing point is
1.62 K. (Kf = 4.9 K kg/mol).
9. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution containing 46 g ethanol and 180 g water.
10. A solution contains 5 g NaCl in 100 g water. Calculate elevation in boiling point. (Kb = 0.52 K
kg/mol).
11. Calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 298 K under 1 atm pressure. (Henry’s law constant = 1.3
× 10⁻³ mol/L·atm).
12. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a 0.2 m aqueous solution of NaCl. Assume complete
dissociation of NaCl. The boiling point elevation constant (Kb) for water is 0.52°C/m.
13. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litre of water
at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated
14. 1 g of a non-volatile solute is dissolved in 100 g water. Vapour pressure of pure water is 20 mmHg.
Calculate relative lowering of vapour pressure.
15. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 34.2 g sucrose in 200 g water. (Kf = 1.86 K
kg/mol).
16. 0.1 molNaCl is dissolved in 1 kg water. Calculate depression in freezing point.
17. Calculate the molar mass of solute if 0.6 g solute lowers vapour pressure of water from 23.8 mmHg to
23.6 mmHg at 298 K.
18. 10 g KCl is dissolved in 200 g water. Calculate osmotic pressure at 300 K.
19. Calculate mole fraction of solute in a solution containing 20 g NaOH in 180 g water.
20. 5 g urea is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate elevation in boiling point.
(Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol).
21. Calculate molality of a solution containing 36 g glucose in 500 g water.
22. 2 g NaOH is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate depression in freezing point.
23. Calculate osmotic pressure of 0.05 M sucrose solution at 298 K.
24. 10 g solute is dissolved in 90 g water. Vapour pressure of pure water is 20 mmHg. Calculate vapour
pressure of solution.
25. Calculate molar mass of solute if 1 g solute in 100 g water causes depression in freezing point of 0.186
K. (Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol).

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