Unit 9: Computer Networks
Unit code: R/601/7320
QCF Level 3: BTEC National
Credit value: 10
Guided learning hours: 60
Aim and purpose
The aim of this unit is to ensure learners understand the key components of networked
systems, know about network protocols and the services provided by network systems and
develop the skills required to ensure network security.
Unit introduction
Networks are used in one way or another by virtually every organisation, from simple use of
internet services through internal file sharing to wide area networks exchanging data across
continents. Therefore, it is essential that learners thinking of careers within the IT industry
have a good understanding of the underlying principles of networking and how data travels
around networks.
This unit starts by exploring the different types of networks and the standards relating to
network systems, including local and wide area networks. Networks can be either wired or
wireless systems and, although much of the underpinning content is similar, this unit does
make reference to both.
The hardware and software components used in networks and their operation are explored
and learners will develop an understanding of their functions and how they relate to each
other, particularly how connections are made and the purpose of these connection devices.
As users of networks, we work with them mostly through the services that they provide,
from simple services such as file sharing and communications to more complex services
involving security and account management. Learners will explore and use the different
services available.
For networks to be suitable they must be secure and networks distributed across several
physical locations, perhaps via a WAN, makes the ensuring of security a complex business.
Learners will be exploring the technologies used to create secure systems and putting
security procedures and devices in place to secure a networked system. Learners will come
to understand the risks to businesses from insecure networks.
Learning outcomes
On completion of this unit a learner should:
1 Know types of network systems and protocols
2 Understand the key components used in networking
3 Know the services provided by network systems
4 Be able to make networked systems secure.
1 Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Nationals specification in Information Technology – Issue 3 – September 2010 © Edexcel
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Unit content
1 Know types of network systems and protocols
Types of network: local area network (LAN); wide area network (WAN), internet; WAN
technologies eg frame relay, MPLS, ATM; Personal Area Network (PAN); logical and
physical topologies eg star, bus, ring, mesh, tree; network access methods eg CSMA,
Token passing; network models eg OSI 7 layer, TCP/IP
Network protocols and standards: types eg TCP/IP, AppleTalk, UDP, 802.2, 802.3,
FDDI, 802.5; wireless technologies eg 802.11, infrared, Bluetooth, 3G; factors affecting
range and speed of wireless technologies
Application layer protocols: types eg DNS, DHCP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP
2 Understand the key components used in networking
Key components: network devices; interconnection devices; connectors and cabling;
software
Network devices: workstations; servers eg print, mail, file, web, proxy; others eg network
interface cards (NIC); features and functions
Interconnection devices: equipment eg router, switch, wireless access points;
purposes, features and functions of each
Connectors and cabling: leased line; dedicated line; media types eg STP, Category 5,
coaxial, UTP, fibre optic; wireless; mobile technology; cable/connection standards
Software: network operating system; virus checker; firewall; other eg email client
Commercial systems: software eg Mac OSX, Linux, Windows
3 Know the services provided by network systems
Directory services: used for eg account management, authentication management, active
directory, DNS
Telecommunication services: communication eg email, internet relay chat (IRC),
discussion boards; remote access eg via mobiles, remote desktop, social networking
File services: file transfer; file sharing
Application services: application software eg database, web, proxy; shared resources eg
printing; storage space; Voice over IP (VoIP); mobile working; authentication eg users,
hardware
4 Be able to make networked systems secure
Securing a system: passwords, authorisation permissions and access control lists; backing
up and restoring; encrypting; others eg biometrics; physical security eg CCTV, locks,
firewalls; security risk levels; software protection eg antivirus, intrusion detection systems
Business risks: loss of service; loss of business or income eg through loss of customer
records; increased costs; loss of confidentiality; compromised data integrity; security
issues eg malware (hostile, intrusive, or annoying software or program code), viruses,
Trojans, worms, spyware, adware
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Assessment and grading criteria
In order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to
demonstrate that they can meet all the learning outcomes for the unit. The assessment
criteria for a pass grade describe the level of achievement required to pass this unit.
Assessment and grading criteria
To achieve a pass grade M2 design a networked
the evidence must show solution to meet a
that the learner is able to: particular situation with
specific requirements
[IE1, CT1]
P1 describe the types of
networks available and how
they relate to particular
network standards and
protocols
P2 describe why different
network standards
and M3 report on the business
protocols are necessary risks of insecure networks
P3 explain the key and
components required for how they can be minimised.
client To achieve a distinction
workstations to connect grade the evidence must
to a network and access show that, in addition to
network resources the pass and merit criteria,
P4 explain the function of the learner is able to:
interconnection
devices
P5 describe typical
services provided by
networks
P6 make a networked
system secure. D1 justify the design and
To achieve a merit grade choice of components used in
the evidence must show a
that, in addition to the particular networked
pass criteria, the learner solution [IE6]
is able to:
M1 compare the benefits and
disadvantages of peer-to-peer
D2 evaluate typical
network and client/server
services available
networks from a network
[IE3] operating system
directory service.
PLTS: This summary references where applicable, in the square brackets, the elements of
the personal, learning and thinking skills applicable in the pass criteria. It identifies
opportunities for learners to demonstrate effective application of the referenced elements of
the skills.
Key IE – independent enquirers RL – reflective learners TW – SM – self-managers
CT – creative thinkers team workers EP – effective participators
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Essential guidance for tutors
Delivery
This unit is based on the principles of networking with a theoretical view to much of the
content. However, centres should try to ensure that as many varied learning approaches are
used as possible. Practical activities on real networks are recommended, examples are
offered in Assessment.
Visits or talks given by outside professionals will be valuable – preparation may be necessary
to ensure that the guest speaker understands the level of programme and is prepared to use
appropriate language and respond to the learning outcomes where possible.
This unit can be offered in parallel to the many vendor units on offer and is designed to link
into the other network-related units.
The unit content can be followed chronologically but this may not be the most appropriate
sequence. Integrating practical activity to bring the unit alive will be vital. Much internet
research can be carried out on network components and services and learners can work in
teams to cover and collect information and pool findings.
A secure and separate network will be needed for learners to practise implementing
security features. It is not possible to carry out much of the content but learners should
understand where and when the use of techniques, such as encryption, is suitable.
Outline learning plan
The outline learning plan has been included in this unit as guidance and can be used in
conjunction with the programme of suggested assignments.
The outline learning plan demonstrates one way in planning the delivery and assessment of
this unit.
Topic and suggested assignments/activities and/assessment
Introduction to the unit
whole-class exercise – tutor presentation on different types of network
●
whole-class exercise – learning and understanding network protocols and standards
●
directed research – learn about application layer protocols
●
whole-class exercise – tutor demonstrates network devices, interconnection devices, connectors
and cabling,
●
software and commercial systems, followed by practical exercises.
Assignment 1 – Networking/not-working
●whole-class exercise – practical work on directory, telecommunication, file and
application services. Assignment 2 – Bespoke Systems
individual exercise – use tutor-provided materials to research risk-related
business issues ●
whole-class exercise – tutor sets a series of practical exercises to teach learners
about securing data. ●
Assignment 3 – Service Provider
Assignment 4 – Securing a Network
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Assessment
As this unit has substantial theory it is important that centres make as much use of varied
assessment strategies as possible to maintain interest. This could include the use of online or
conventional testing, learner presentations, assignments or question and answer sessions.
The suggested assessment is through four assignments as outlined in the Programme of
suggested assignments. Suggested Assignment 1 – Networking/not-working
The suggested scenario is that learners have been employed to explain possible
network solutions to a business client
For P1, describing networks, protocols and standards, learners could produce a report/poster
using diagrams. Alternatives are a small set of linked web pages or a presentation.
For P2, learners should be able to demonstrate they understand why different network
standards and protocols are necessary. Examples given should be realistic. This can
be linked to P1.
Before attempting M1, learners should, ideally, have the chance to see the operation of
both types of networks and then the actual evidence presented as a verbal, written report
etc would be based on real experience.
Suggested Assignment 2 – Bespoke Systems
For P3, learners are explaining the key components for connection to network systems. This,
along with the evidence for P4 (the function of interconnection devices), could be produced as
an information ‘leaflet’, which may be paper- or web based.
M2 is the design of a network and learners will need to be supplied with a specific scenario
to develop their solution. Evidence could be diagrammatic with explanatory notes.
D1 is a justification of the design developed for M2. Pros and cons should
be included. Suggested Assignment 3 – Service Provider
The evidence for P5 and D2 can be in any appropriate format. To make for some variation
this could be presented as a blog or simply a standard report format.
The unit content informs the expected coverage.
Suggested Assignment 4 – Securing a Network
The assumption here is that a network has already been set up and the assessment deals
with implementing security procedures. Learners will obviously benefit from setting the
system up as well, and evidence from that activity may be used for other networking units.
P6 will be evidenced with observation records and/or witness statements, which should be
supplemented with any associated paperwork.
M3 is another ‘report’ but evidence could be presented orally and question and answer sheets
used to assess knowledge and understanding.
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Programme of suggested assignments
The table below shows a programme of suggested assignments that cover the pass, merit
and distinction criteria in the assessment and grading grid. This is for guidance and it is
recommended that centres either write their own assignments or adapt any Edexcel
assignments to meet local needs and resources.
Criteria covered Assignment title Scenario Assessment method
P1, P2, M1 Networking/not
working
You have been employed to
explain possible network
solutions to a business client.
Report
Poster
Presentation
P3, P4, M2, D1 Bespoke Systems The client asks
you to design a network for the business.
P5, D2 Service Provider The client wants you to
explain some typical network
services.
P6, M3 Securing a Network The client asks you
to secure the network.
Leaflet
Presentation
Network diagram Presentation
Blog
Report
Observation records Witness statements Report
Links to National Occupational Standards, other BTEC units,
other BTEC qualifi cations and other relevant units and qualifi
cations
This unit forms part of the BTEC in IT sector suite. This unit has particular links with the
following unit titles in the IT suite:
Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Unit 10: Setting up an IT Network Unit 5: Managing Networks Unit 24: Networking Technologies
Unit 11: IT Security Unit 32: Networked Systems Unit 43: Networking Infrastructure
Security
This unit maps to some of the underpinning knowledge from the following areas of
competence in the Level 3 National Occupational Standards for IT (ProCom):
4.7 Systems Design
●
6.2 IT Security
Management. ●
Essential resources
Learners will need access to practical resources and suitable technology. They can also
use simulators or multimedia tools to gain experience before handling ‘live resources’.
Employer engagement and vocational contexts
Visits to a local ISP or using the academic centre network as a suitable vocational context.
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Indicative reading for learners
Textbooks
Dodd A Z – The Essential Guide to Telecommunications, 4th Edition
(Prentice Hall, 2005) ISBN-10 0131487256, ISBN-13 978-0131487253
Hallberg B – Networking: A Beginner’s Guide, 5th Edition (Osborne/McGraw-
Hill US, 2009) ISBN-10 0071633553, ISBN-13 978-0071633550
Lowe D – Networking All-in-One Desk Reference for Dummies, 3rd Edition (John
Wiley & Sons, 2008) ISBN-10 0470179155, ISBN-13 978-0470179154
Schiller J – Mobile Communications, 2nd Edition (Addison Wesley, 2003) ISBN-10
0321123816, ISBN-13 978-0321123817
Websites
[Link]
[Link]
Delivery of personal, learning and thinking skills
The table below identifies the opportunities for personal, learning and thinking skills (PLTS)
that have been included within the pass assessment criteria of this unit.
Skill When learners are …
Independent enquirers exploring the issues, events or problems involved with peer-to-peer
network and client/server networks, from different perspectives
identifying a particular design of networked solution to resolve specific problems
supporting conclusions about the design and choice of components used in a
particular networked solution, using reasoned arguments and evidence
Creative thinkers generating the design, and exploring possibilities of a networked solution to
meet a particular situation with specific requirements
Effective participators identifying improvements that would reduce the business risks of
insecure networks and how this would benefit the whole organisation.
Although PLTS are identified within this unit as an inherent part of the assessment criteria,
there are further opportunities to develop a range of PLTS through various approaches to
teaching and learning.
Skill When learners are …
Self-managers making a network secure.
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Functional Skills – Level 2
Skill When learners are … ICT – Using ICT
Select, interact with and use ICT systems safely making a network secure
and securely for a complex task in non routine
and unfamiliar contexts
ICT – Finding and selecting
information
Use appropriate search techniques to locate and researching network protocols
select relevant information
ICT – Developing, presenting and
communicating information
Combine and present information in ways that explaining network solutions and services.
are fit for purpose and audience
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