Study Questions Chapter 6

LESSON 1

Q1. What abuses in the Church required reform?

[Link] was needed in the Church. Simony, nepotism, and the abuse of indulgences

and improper veneration of relics had spread throughout western Europe. (page, 258)

Q2. What was the name of the document that Martin Luther nailed to the door of the

Wittenberg cathedral, and when did this happen?

A. He nailed the Ninety‑Five Theses on October 31, 1517 (Page, 260)

[Link] abuse initially captured Luther’s attention?

A He was outraged with the Church’s teaching that indulgences, when obtained within

the context of the Sacrament of Penance, could help lessen or remit one’s temporal

punishment due to sin. (page 260)

Q4. What text did Luther translate from the original Greek into German while at

Wartburg?

A. he translated the New Testament into German (page, 262)

Q5. What key passage from St. Paul in Romans 1:17 led Luther to the theological idea

of justification through faith alone?

A. The passage from the letter of St. Paul to the Romans which reads, “For in it the

righteousness of God is revealed through faith for faith; as it is written, ‘He who through

faith is righteous shall live’” (Rom 1:17) (page, 263)

A. The term consubstantiation is a belief that Christ is present in the Eucharist in the

same way heat is present in a red-hot iron which means the bread and wine do not turn

into the body and blood of Christ (page, 263)

Q7. What book of the New Testament did Luther especially reject, and why?

A. Luther rejected the Epistle of St. James because it offers a strong argument against

Luther’s theology of solafide. (page,264)

LESSON 2:

Q1. What relationship to secular authority did Martin Luther and Lutheranism develop?​

A. Luther became a pawn of the German princes, and rulers could usurp the authority of

the Church, leading to the religion of the prince would be the religion of the people

within his realm. (page, 266–267)

Q2. What was the Augsburg Confession?​

A. A draft of these principles” that“became known as the Augsburg Confession

establishing the basic tenets of Lutheranism for the future. (pages, 267–268)
Q3. In what ways did Calvin go beyond Luther’s theology?​

A. Calvin structured and codified the reform movement, taught that humans were totally

corrupted, and denied all sacramental grace.(pages, 269–270)

Q4. What was Calvin’s teaching regarding predestination?​

A. Some were predestined to Heaven and most others to Hell, chosen through no effort

of their own. (page, 270)

Q5. What was the state of the Catholic Church in England at the beginning of King

Henry VIII’s reign?​

A. It was in better condition than in any country in Europe save Spain (page, 272)

Q6. What was the Act of Supremacy, and when was it issued?​

A. The law where the king was proclaimed the supreme head of the Church in England

removing papal authority. (pages, 273–274)

Q7. Who were two of the most important martyrs during Henry VIII’s reign?​

A. St. John Fisher and“St. Thomas More (page, 274–275)

Q8. How was the Church of England that Henry VIII started theologically different from

the Catholic Church?​

A. The pope was no longer recognized, and power was given to the king(page,

273–274)

Q9. Under whose reign did the Church of England truly accept the ideas of the

Protestant Reformation?​

A. Edward VI (page, 276)

A. Rules empozed by Elizabeth I to enforce protestante doctrine and uniformity of

prayer. (page, 277)

LESSON 3:

[Link] challenges were posed by a Church council being called?

A. Clement found himself stuck between political infighting of Emperor Charles V and

Francis I of France. These rulers wanted to dominate any council of the Church and

refused to allow bishops to attend in areas out of their control. Wars between Charles

and Francis continuously delayed attempts to call an Ecumenical Council. (page, 280)

[Link] topics were discussed in the first seven sessions of the Ecumenical Council of

Trent?

[Link] first seven sessions of Trent addressed a number of doctrinal issues. The council

discussed the question of Sacred Scripture, declaring that the Tradition of the Church

together with the Bible is the source of Catholic belief. It also examined Original Sin. the

council addressed the Sacraments in general and identified the seven instituted by

Christ, beginning with Baptism and Confirmation. Finally, it focused on reforms such as

abuses of clerical benefices, the need to provide better training for the clergy, and the

prohibition of pluralism. (page, 284)

why not?

[Link] reforms called for in the Council of Trent were not immediately applied because

many secular princes refused to accept the council’s statements and would not allow

the publication of its decrees. As a result, the reforms only took effect gradually through

the personal example and dedicated holiness of certain individuals, rather than being

implemented right away. (pages,285-286)

Q4. At what important battle were the Turks defeated by European forces?

[Link] the Battle of Lepanto (page, 287)

[Link] Bishop of Milan implemented the reforms of the Council of Trent??

[Link]. Charles Borromeo (page 288)

Q6. Which Spanish mystic established a religious order dedicated to continual prayer?

[Link]. Teresa of Ávila (page, 289)

Q7. What important book did St. Ignatius of Loyola write that is still used for retreats

today?

[Link] Spiritual Exercises (page, 291)

Q8. What facets of the Church’s ministry were filled by members of the Society of

Jesus?

A. Jesuits served as nuncios, theologians, professors, and missionaries and were sent

all over the globe to spread the Gospel (page, 291)

LESSON 4
Q1. How did King Philip II deal with the Muslims (Moriscos) who lived in Spain?​

A. The Moriscos rebelled against his rule. So Don Juan removed this danger and

transplanted all of the Moriscos to the interior of Spain. (page, 293)

Q2. What did William of Orange and the Count of Egmont protest, and were they

successful?​

A. They protested the presence of Spanish troops and asked Philip to change but he

refused to alter his position. (pages, 293–294)

Q3. What actions taken by Calvinists in the Low Countries enraged Philip?​

A. Calvinists carried out an iconoclastic campaign, destroying over 1000 churches and

monasteries (page, 294)

Q4. What was the Spanish Fury?​

A. when mutinous Spanish troops pillaged the country and killed over six thousand

people. (page, 295)

Q5. Whom did Philip send to replace the Duke of Alba, and was this person more

effective?​

A. Don Juan of Austria. He accepted compromise and won several victories, making

him more effective (pages, 295–296)

Q6. How were the Low Countries divided in 1578?​

A. The north formed the Union of Utrecht and the south formed the Union of Arras,

splitting into Protestant between Catholic (page, 296)

politics?​

A. House of Guise, Huguenots and politiques (page, 297)

Q8. How did Catherine de Medici use marriage to further her political ends?​

A. She arranged it to offset the power of the Catholic Guise family (pages, 297–298)

Q9. What infamous statement did Henry of Navarre make shortly before being crowned

King Henry IV of France?​

A. “Paris is well worth a Mass.” (pages, 299)

Q10. How did the Edict of Nantes help Catholic-Protestant relations in France?​

A. It gave Protestants the same civil rights as Catholics. (page, 300)

Q11. During the reign of King Louis XIII, how did Cardinal Richelieu deal with the

religious divisions in France?​

[Link] dealt with them by“suppressing these towns and the Protestant nobility that led

them and issuing the Peace of Alais which reduced Huguenot political power(pages,

301–302)

LESSON 5

Q1. Who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland?

A. John Knox (page, 304)

A. the First Covenant was the adoption of Calvinist profession of faith and rejected the

jurisdiction of the Pope. (page, 304)

[Link] did Cardinal William Allen help the Catholic Church in England?

[Link] William Allen helped found a seminary for the English at Douay in the

Spanish Netherlands. This seminary would for generations help keep the Catholic faith

alive in England by sending missionary priests to administer the Sacraments and uphold

the teachings of the Catholic Church in the British Isles. (page, 305)

Q4. Why was Mary, Queen of Scots, a threat to Queen Elizabeth I of England?

[Link] growth of Catholic resistance within England and the imminent threat of foreign

invasion made Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, potentially dangerous to Elizabeth’s rule.

(page,305)

[Link] did Francis Walsingham acquire evidence to convict Mary, Queen of Scots?

[Link] Walsingham, tried to find evidence that could lead to Mary’s execution.

Lacking data of any credible crimes, Walsingham sent a spy named Gilbert Gif-ford to

encourage a young admirer of Mary named Babington to plot an escape. (page, 306)

Q6. Who were the “Sea Dogs”?

A.“Sea Dogs” led by Francis Drake attacked Spanish treasure ships in the New World

and pirated Spanish gold for England. (page,307)

[Link] did Elizabeth I set about ridding Ireland of Catholicism?

[Link] waged a war of extermination against the Emerald Isle. English troops butchered

men, women, and children. The decimated and demoralized Irish fought back, staging

three revolts in an effort to hold on to their religion and culture. All three rebellions failed,
and Elizabeth responded to the revolts by launching a complete military conquest and

legal suppression of the island. (page, 308)

[Link] was the situation in Germany after the Thirty Years War?

[Link] permanently divided Germany between Protestant and Catholic camps and

undermined the political development of a unified Germany. It crippled the German

states and ensured they would remain a collection of small, disunited kingdoms.

(page,309)

LESSON 6

Q1. How did the Church respond to new opportunities for conversion?​

A. The Church embarked upon the greatest missionary expansion of her history,

reaching out to millions of new faithful around the world (page, 313)

Q2. What surprise did Portuguese missionaries find in Goa, India?​

A. They discovered a group of Christians who claimed descent from the original

missionary activity of the Apostle St. Thomas (page, 314)

Q3. Where did St. Francis Xavier carry on his missionary work?​

A. to Malacca, the Molucca Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. (pages, 314–316)

Q4. Who carried on evangelization in India, and how did he do it?​

A. St. Francis Xavier, he taught by walking with a handbell and teaching them to chant

the prayers (pages, 314–315)

A. Matteo Ricci, who dressed as a Mandarin scholar and translated Christian principles

into Chinese (pages, 315–316)

Q6. What hindered evangelization in Japan?​

A. Japan had an established feudal structure and Japanese priests saw St. Francis and

his missionaries as a danger so the Shogun Hideyoshi began a new era of persecution

(pages, 316–317)

Q7. What delayed the spread of the faith in Africa?​

A. Nearly every missionary who entered the Dark Continent before the middle of the

nineteenth century would succumb to a variety of lethal tropical diseases (page, 320)

LESSON 7

[Link] was the direct result of Our Lady of Guadalupe’s appearance?

A. Led to a mass conversion in Mexico (page, 321)

[Link] whom and where did Our Lady of Guadalupe appear?

[Link]. Juan Diego on the hill of Tepeyac (page, 321)

[Link] many missions were established between 1610 and 1767 in Spanish lands?

[Link] 1610 and 1767, thirty-two mission settlements were es-tablished within

newly acquired Spanish territories, ministering to over 700,000 neophyte Catholics.

(page, 323)

[Link] founded the California missions, and how many did he found?
[Link]. Junípero Serra founded the California missions. St. Junipero Serra founded nine

missions, and his collaborators twelve more after his death, for a total of twenty-one

California missions.

Q5. Briefly describe the life and martyrdom of St. Isaac Jogues.

[Link] was a Jesuit .e wasH a missionary in North America that worked with Native

Americans. He was eventually captured and killed for his faith. (page,324-325) .

Q6. What was the experience of Catholics in colonial Maryland?

[Link] Catholics came to the New World in order to seek refuge from fierce

persecution. At first, Catholics and Protestants coexisted relatively peacefully then

catholics began to face increasing restrictions on their religious [Link] Maryland

Assembly passed the Act of Toleration in 1649 to protect the rights of all Christians; the

act was eventually repealed. (page,326)