Basic Math Exam: Arithmetic

Solve Sheet

1. Which one is a rational number between 1/√2 and √2.

Solution: 1/√2 ≈ 1/1.414 ≈ 0.707, √2 ≈ 1.414.

Rational number = 1

Ans: 1

2. Simplify: (0. 3̇ × 0. 83̇) + 0. 35̇ ÷ 0. 08̇

Solution: 0. 3̇ = 1/3, 0. 83̇ = 5/6, 0. 35̇ = 16/45. 0. 08̇ = 4/45

((1/3) * (5/6)) + (16/45) / (4/45) = 77/18

Ans: 77/18

3. Express 6. 23̇09̇ as common fractions

Solution: 6. 23̇09̇ = ((62309 - 62) / 9990) = 20749/3330

Ans: 20749/3330

4. Find the square root of 3969

Ans: 63

5. What is the smallest number that should be subtracted from 4639 so that the difference
becomes a perfect square number?

Solution: 67² = 4489, 68² = 4624, 69² = 4761

4639 lies between 4624 and [Link] lower perfect square is 4624.
Difference: 4639 − 4624 = 15
Final answer: 15

Ans: 15
6. Which greatest number divides 27, 40, and 65 leaving remainders 3, 4, and 5
respectively?

Solution: To find the greatest number that leaves the given remainders, we must first
subtract the respective remainders from the original numbers.

27 - 3 = 24, 40 - 4 = 36, 65 - 5 = 60

The required greatest number will be the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 24, 36, and 60.
Let's find the HCF using prime factorization:

HCF of 24, 36, and 60 = 12.

Ans: 12

7. From a bus stand, 4 buses cover distances of 10 km, 20 km, 24 km, and 32 km
respectively after a certain interval of time. What is the minimum distance they must travel
before all four buses meet together?

Solution: To find the minimum distance where all four buses will meet together, we need to
calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the individual distances: 10, 20, 24, and 32.

LCM = 480.

Ans: 480 km.

8. The lengths of an iron plate and a copper plate are 672 cm and 960 cm respectively. What
will be the maximum length of a piece of the same size cut from both plates?

Solution: To find the maximum length of a piece that can be cut equally from both plates, we
need to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of the two lengths: 672 cm and 960 cm.

the HCF is 96.

Ans: 96 cm.

9. A contractor entered into a contract to complete a 100 km road in 20 days. By employing

250 workers, 62.50% of the road was completed in 10 days. How many days before the
scheduled time will the work be completed?

Solution: Total work = 100%. In 10 days, completed = 62.5% = 5/8 of work

So remaining work = 37.5% = 3/8

Rate of work: 250 workers finish 5/8 in 10 days

Work per day = (5/8) ÷ 10 = 5/80 = 1/16 of work per day

So full work time = 1 ÷ (1/16) = 16 days

Scheduled time = 20 days

So work finishes 16 days from start

Early completion = 20 − 16 = 4 days

Ans: 4 days

10. There are three pipes in a water tank. The tank is filled in 30 minutes and 20 minutes by
the first and second pipes respectively. The full tank is emptied in 60 minutes by the third
pipe. If three pipes are opened together, in how many minutes will the tank be filled?

Solution: First pipe rate = 1/30 per minute​

Second pipe rate = 1/20 per minute​
Third pipe rate (emptying) = −1/60 per minute

Net rate = 1/15

Time to fill = 15 minutes

Ans: 15 minutes

11. If 25 men can do a piece of work in 36 days working 10 hours a day, then how many men
are required to complete the work working 6 hours a day in 20 days?

Solution: Working 10 hours a day for 36 days, the work is completed by 25 men.

Working 1 hour a day for 36 days, the work is completed by = 25 * 10 men

Working 1 hour a day for 1 day, the work is completed by = 25 * 10 * 36 men

Working 6 hours a day for 1 day, the work is completed by = (25 * 10 * 36) / 6 men

Working 6 hours a day for 20 days, the work is completed by = (25 * 10 * 36) / (6 * 20) men

Required number of men = 75

Ans: 75 men

12. Three boys are aged 2 years, 4 years and 8 years. They want to divide seventy taka in
the ratio of their ages. How much money would the youngest boy get?

Solution: Ratio of their ages = 2 : 4 : 8 = 1 : 2 : 4

First boy's share (age 2) = 70 * (1 / 7) = 10 taka

Second boy's share (age 4) = 70 * (2 / 7) = 20 taka

Third boy's share (age 8) = 70 * (4 / 7) = 40 taka

Ans: 10 taka

13. Some money was divided among Labib, Sami, and Siam in the ratio 5 : 4 : 2. If Siam
gets 180 taka, how much money will Labib get?

Solution: Labib's share : Sami's share : Siam's share = 5 : 4 : 2

We are given that Siam's 2 parts equal 180 taka.

If 2 parts = 180 taka, Then 1 part = 180 / 2 = 90 taka

Labib's share = 5 parts * 90 taka = 450 taka

Sami's share = 4 parts * 90 taka = 360 taka

Ans: 450 taka

14. A boat can travel 6 km per hour in still water. It takes 3 times as much time for the boat to
travel 6 km against the current. How much time will the boat take to travel 50 km with the
current?

Solution: Time taken against the current = 1 hour * 3 = 3 hours. So, the speed against the
current = 6 km / 3 hours = 2 km per hour.

Speed against current = Speed in still water - Speed of current 2 = 6 - Speed of current
Speed of current = 6 - 2 = 4 km per hour.

Speed with the current = Speed in still water + Speed of current Speed with the current = 6 +
4 = 10 km per hour.
Time = Distance / Speed Time = 50 km / 10 km per hour = 5 hours.

Ans: 5 hours.

15. The ratio of time taken by two friends to travel to and from school is 2 : 3. (Assuming
both travel at the same speed) If the distance from the 1st friend's house to the school is 5
km, what is the distance from the second friend's house to the school?

Solution: the ratio of their distances is equal to the ratio of their travel times. Distance Ratio
(1st friend : 2nd friend) = 2 : 3

If 2 parts = 5 km, Then 1 part = 5 / 2 = 2.5 km

2nd friend's distance = 3 parts * 2.5 km = 7.5 km

Ans: 7.5 km.

16. Zahed purchased a book at a 10% discount and paid the shopkeeper 180 taka. What is
the actual price of the book?

Solution: A 10% commission means that if the actual price of the book is 100 taka, the
discount given is 10 taka. So, the paid price = 100 - 10 = 90 taka.

If the paid price is 90 taka, the actual price is 100 taka.

If the paid price is 1 taka, the actual price is 100 / 90 taka.

If the paid price is 180 taka, the actual price is (100 / 90) * 180 taka. = 200 taka.

Ans: 200 taka.

17. The number of students in a school is 800. If 5% new students are admitted at the
beginning of the year, what is the current number of students in that school?

Solution: 5% of the original student count were admitted as new students.

New students = 5% of 800 New students = (5 / 100) * 800 New students = 5 * 8 = 40

students.

Current students = 800 + 40 = 840 students.

Ans: 840.
18. Two candidates fought an election. One got 65% of the votes and won by 600 votes.
How many votes were polled?

Solution:The winning candidate got 65% of the votes. Therefore, the losing candidate got =
100% - 65% = 35% of the votes.

Difference in percentage = 65% - 35% = 30%. This means the winning candidate won by a
margin of 30% of the total votes.

According to the question, the winning candidate won by 600 votes. So, 30% of the total
votes = 600 votes.

Total votes = 2000 votes.

Ans: 2000

19. In a library 60% of the books are in Hindi, 60% of the remaining are in English and the
rest of the books are in Urdu. If there are 3600 books in English, then how many books are
in Urdu?

Solution: 60% of the books are in Hindi, the remaining books = 100% - 60% = 40% of the
total books.

Out of these remaining books (which represent 100% of the leftovers), 60% are in English.
Therefore, the rest of the books, which are in Urdu = 100% - 60% = 40% of the remaining
books.

If 60% of the remaining books = 3600 books

Then 1% of the remaining books = 3600 / 60 = 60 books

Therefore, 40% of the remaining books (Urdu) = 60 * 40 = 2400 books.

Ans: 2400 books

20. If 3000 taka is invested at 10% annual profit and 20000 taka is invested at 8% profit,
what will be the average percentage rate of profit on the total capital?

Solution: Total Capital = 3000 + 20000 = 23000 taka.

Profit from 3000 taka at 10% = 3000 * (10 / 100) = 300 taka.

Profit from 20000 taka at 8% = 20000 * (8 / 100) = 1600 taka.

Total Profit = 300 + 1600 = 1900 taka.

Average Profit Rate = (Total Profit / Total Capital) * 100%

Average Profit Rate = (1900 / 23000) * 100%

Average Profit Rate = 190 / 23 % = 8.26%

Ans: 8.26%

21. The current population of a city is 64 lakhs. If the population growth rate of the city is 25
per thousand, what will be the population of that city after 2 years?

Solution: Current population = 64,000,000

Growth rate = 25 per 1000 = 25 / 1000 = 2.5% = 0.025

Population after 1st year = 64,000,000 * (1 + 0.025) = 64,000,000 * 1.025 = 65,600,000

Population after 2nd year = 65,600,000 * (1 + 0.025) = 65,600,000 * 1.025 = 67,24,0000

Ans: 67.24 lakhs

22. What will be the difference between simple interest and compound interest on 5000 taka
for 3 years at 10% annual interest rate?

Solution: Principal (P) = 5000, Rate (r) = 10% = 0.1, Time (t) = 3 years

Simple Interest calculation:

Simple Interest = P * r * t = 5000 * 0.1 * 3 = 1500

Compound Interest calculation:

Amount after 3 years = P * (1 + r)^3 = 5000 * (1 + 0.1)^3 = 5000 * (1.1)^3 = 5000 * 1.331 =
6655

Compound Interest = Amount - Principal = 6655 - 5000 = 1655

Difference = Compound Interest - Simple Interest = 1655 - 1500= 155

Ans: 155 taka

23 Sufyan bought 1200 eggs at 16 taka a dozen. At what price per hundred must he sell the
eggs, so as to earn a profit of 15%?

Solution: Total eggs = 1200, Cost price per dozen (12 eggs) = 16 taka, Desired profit = 15%

Total dozens = 1200 / 12 = 100 dozens

Total Cost Price = 100 * 16 = 1600 taka

Total Selling Price for 15% profit = 1600 * (1 + 0.15) = 1600 * 1.15 = 1840 taka

Selling price per hundred = (1840 / 1200) * 100 = 1840 / 12 = 153.33 taka

Ans: 153.33 taka

24. By selling a shirt for 285 taka, a shopkeeper loses 5%. At what price should he sell the
shirt, so as to gain 15%?

Solution: Selling price = 285 taka, Loss = 5%, Desired gain = 15%

Cost Price = Selling Price / (1 - Loss Rate) = 285 / (1 - 0.05) = 285 / 0.95 = 300 taka

New Selling Price for 15% gain = Cost Price * (1 + Gain Rate) = 300 * (1 + 0.15) = 300 * 1.15
= 345 taka

Ans: 345 taka

25. Two articles are sold at the same price. One at a profit of 75% and another one at a loss
of 30%. What is the overall profit or loss?

Solution: Selling price of each article = S, Profit on first = 75%, Loss on second = 30%

Cost Price of first article = S / (1 + 0.75) = S / 1.75 = S / (7/4) = 4S / 7

Cost Price of second article = S / (1 - 0.30) = S / 0.70 = S / (7/10) = 10S / 7

Total Cost Price = (4S / 7) + (10S / 7) = 14S / 7 = 2S

Total Selling Price = S + S = 2S

Overall Profit or Loss = Total Selling Price - Total Cost Price = 2S - 2S = 0

Ans: No profit, no loss