HKESOCIETY’S

POOJYADODDAPPAAPPACOLLEGEOFENGINEERING

COMPUTER AIDED
ENGINEERING DRAWING

I/IISEMESTER

Solutions
POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
(AUTONOMUS INSTITUTION,AFFILIATED TO VTU BELGAUM)
Aiwan-E-Shahi Area, KALABURAGI-585102
1.1 Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line.
a) A is 30 mm in front of VP and 40mm above the HP.
b) B is 40 mm behind the VP and 30 mm above the HP.
c) C is 35mm behind VP and 20 mm below the HP.
d) D is 45 mm in front of VP and 50 mm below the HP.

a' b
c
b'
40

40

35
30

X Y
20
30

c'

45
50
a

d
d'
A is First Quadrant
B is Second Quadrant
C is Third Quadrant
D is Fourth Quadrant
1.2 Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line.

i) E-35mm above HP & on VP.

ii) F-30mm below HP & on VP.
iii) G-On HP&25mm behind VP.
iv) H-On HP &30mm in front of VP.

e'
g
35

25

f h'
X e Y
g'
30

30
f' h

E Is I as well as II Quadrant
F is III as well as IV Quadrant
G is II as well as III Quadrant
H is I as well as IV Quadrant
1.3A Point P is 40mm in front of VP, 30mm above HP and 25mm infront of RPP (Right Profile Plane)/
LPP (Left Profile Plane). Draw its projections and name the side view.

X1 X1

Left Profile Plane(LPP) Right Profile Plane(RPP)

Right Side View (RSV) Left Side View (LSV)
P'' P' P''
30

25 25
X VP Y
HP
40

Y1 Y1
1.5 A Point R is 35mm behind VP, 45mm below HP and 25mm behind RPP (Right Profile Plane)/
LPP (Left Profile Plane). Draw its projections and name the side view.

X1 X1

35

HP
X Y
VP 25 25
45

r'' r' r''

Left Profile Plane (LPP) Right Profile Plane (RPP)

Left Side View (LSV) Right Side View (RSV)

Y1 Y1
 1.10 A point M is 30mm in front of VP and 20mm above HP. Another point N is 15mm behind VP & 25mm
below HP. The horizontal distance between the points parallel to XY line is 50mm. Draw the projection of
the points M & N and join their front and top views. Draw the right side view for the point N only.

X1

m'
n
20

50
15

X VP HP Y
HP VP
25
30

n' n'' Right Profile Plane (RPP)

m
Right Side View (RSV)

Y1
1.12

g
f

35
30
h
X f' Y

40
45

50
55

h'
e'
g'
e

Answer:
i) E is 55mm below HP & 45mm infront VP (IV Quadrant)
ii) F is on HP & 30mm behind VP(II as well as III Quadrant)
iii) G is 50mm below HP & 35mm behind VP (III Quadrant)
iv) H is 40 mm below HP & on VP (III as well as IV quadrant)
STRAIGHT LINES
1.1 A line PQ 75mm long has its end P 20mm above the HP and 30mm in front of VP. It is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP. Draw the
Projection of the line and find apparent lengths and apparent inclinations.

Locus Point of Q'

q' q'1

True Lenght (TL)p'q'1=75mm

True Angle =30

ANSWER:
Apparent Length (AL) p'q'=52.92mm
p' q'2
Apparent Angle
20

VP
X Y
HP
30

p q1

True Length (TL) pq2=75mm True

Angle= 45
ANSWER:
Apparent Length (AL) pq=64.95mm

Apparent Angle 

q q2
Locus Point of Q
1.2 A line AB75 mm long has one end 20 mm in front of VP and 15 mm above HP. The line is inclined at 250 to HP and 400 to VP. Draw the
front view and the top view of the line.

Locus Point of B'

b' b'1 True Length (TL) a'b'1=75mm True

Angle= 25
ANSWER:
Apparent Length (AL) a'b'=57.45mm

a' b'2 Apprant Angle

15
VP Y
X HP
20
a b1
True Length (TL) ab2=75mm True
Angle= 40
ANSWER:
Apparent Length (AL) ab=67.97mm

Apprant Angle 

b b2

Locus Point of B
1.3 A line PQ has its end P 20 mm above the HP and 30 mm in front of the VP. The other end Q is 60 mm above the HP and 45mm in front of
VP. The distance between end projectors is 60 mm. Draw its projections. Determine the true length and apparent inclinations.

Locus Point of Q'

q'q'1

ANSWER:
True Length (TL) p'q'1=73.65mm
True Angle =33

60
Apparent Length (AL) p'q'=72.11mm
p' q'2 

ApprantAngle
20

VP
X Y
HP 60
ANSWER:
30

True Lenght (TL) pq2=73.65mm

45
p q1
True Angle=12
Apparent Length (AL) pq=61..85mm
q q2 Apprant Angle 

Locus Point of Q
 1.5 A line MN measuring 70 mm has its end M 15mm in front of VP and20 mm above HP and the other end N is 60mm infront of VP and 50
mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line and find the inclinations of the line with both the reference planes of projections.

Locus Point of N'

n' n'1

ANSWER:
True Angle=
 

50
m' 25 Apparent Angle
n'2

20

VP
X HP Y
15

n1
m
ANSWER:

True Angle  =40

60
Apparent Angle 




  

n n2

Locus Point of N
1.6 A line has its end A 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The end B is 55mm above HP and line is inclined at 30 0 to HP. The
distance between the end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length of the line and its inclinations with
VP.

Locus Point of B'

b' b'1

True Angle =30

ANSWER:
True Length (TL) a'b'1=90mm

55
Apparent Lenght (AL) a'b'=66.89mm
Apprant Angle 
VP a' b'2
10

X Y
HP 50
15

a b1

ANSWER:
True Angle=42
ApparentLenght(AL)ab=78..05mm
ApprantAngle


b b2

Locus Point of B
PLANES
 2.1 An equilateral triangular lamina of 35mm side lies with one of its edges on HP such that the surface of the lamina
is inclined to HP at 60°. The edge on which it rests is inclined to VP at 60°. Draw the projections.

b' b'1

VP a'(c') b' a'(c') c'1 a'1

X Y
HP

c c1 c1
b1

b1
35

b
a1
a a1
2.3 A 30°-60° setsquare of 60mm longest side is so kept such that the longest side is in HP, making an angle of 30°
with VP. The set square itself is inclined at 45° to HP. Draw the projections of the setsquare.

b' b'1

X VP a'(c') b' a'(c') c'1 a'1 Y

HP
c c1

c1 b1
60

a1
b1
b
a a1
2.4 A square lamina of 30mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30° to HP and the side on which
it rests makes 45° to VP. Draw its projections.

b'(c') c'1 b'1

VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') d'1 a'1

X Y
HP
c1

d c d1 c1
d1 b1
30

a1
a b a1 b1
2.5 A square plate of 40 mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 30° to HP and 45° to VP.
Draw its projections.

c' c'1

b'(d') d'1 b'1

VP X a' b'(d') c' a' a'1

HP
Y

d c1
d1
d1

a c1
c a1 b1
a a1

Locuspointofa1
b b1
2.7 A rectangular lamina of 35mm x 20mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The lamina is rotated about the
edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The edge on which the lamina rests is inclined 30°
to VP. Draw its projections and find its inclination to HP.

b'(c') c'1 b'1

35
X VP a'(d') b'(c') a'(d') d'1 a'1 Y
HP c1
b1
d c d1 c1
d1
20

20

a1

a 35 b a1 20 b1
2.8 A pentagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the surface makes an angle of
60° with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45° to VP. Draw its projections.

c' c'1

b'(d')
d'1 b'1

VP a'(e') b'(d') c' a'(e') a'1

e'1
X Y
HP 23,78 d1
d
c c1 c1
e
e1
25

b1
a1
a
b b1
2.9 A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corner on HP such that the perpendicular
bisector of the edge passing through the corner on which the lamina rests is inclined at 30° to HP and 45° to VP.
Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

c'(d')
c'1 d'1
b'(e') b'1
VP c'(d') e'1
a' b'(e') a' a'1
HP 14,69
X e Y
e1
d e1
d1 a1
a m m1
a1 d1
c1 b1
c m1m
b b1 c1 locusPointM

38,47 33,32
2.10 A pentagonal lamina having edges 25mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that the surface makes an
angle 30° with HP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on which the lamina rests
appears to be inclined at 45° to VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

c'(d') c'1 d'1

b'(e') b'1
VP c' b'(e') c'(d') c' a'1 e'1
X HP 14,69 e1 Y

e e1 a1
d
d1
m d1
a m1
a1 b1 m1
c1 c1
c
b b1
Perpendicular bisector appears
2.11 A hexagonal lamina of edges 25mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that the surface makes an angle of
60° with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 45° to VP. Draw its projections.

c'(d') d'1 c'1

b'(e') e'1
b'1
VP a'(f') b'(e') c'(d') a'(f') f'1 a'1
X Y
HP 21,65 e e1
e1 d1
f d f1 d1
f1 c1
25

a c a1 c1 a1 b1
b b1
SOLIDS
3.1 A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, which is inclined to
VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º.

0'
0' 0'

b'(c') c'
60

b'

(0'1)
0'1
VP b'(c') (0'1) a'(d') a'(d') d' a'
X HP 0 Y

c d c (d)
(d)

0(o1)
35

(01) 0
c (01) (a)

b a b (a)
b
3.2. A square pyramid 35mmsides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base. Draw the
projections of the pyramid, when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40º and VP at 30º.

0' 0' 0'

c' c'
60

b'
b'(d')
d' 0'1
(0'1)
a'
VP c' b'(d')(0'1) a' a'
XHP Y
0
d d
d
(a)
c 0
0(o1) a c (01) (a) (0'1) (01)
c
b
b b
45,65 LocusPoint01
3.4 A pentagonal pyramid 25mm side of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, which is
inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 40º.

0'
0' 0'

c' c'
60

d' b'
b'(d')
(0'1) 0'1
VP c' b'(d') (0'1) a'(e') a'(e') e' a'
X HP 0 Y
d d
e
(e)
c (e)
c (01) 0 d
0(o1) (a)
(a) (01)
a
c
b b b
3.5 A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

0'
Slant edge resting
c'(d') d' c'
50

(0'1) 0'1
b'(e') b'
e'
VP c'(d') (0'1) b'(e') a' a' 0' a' 0'
X HP Y

e 0
e
d
d
e d
25

0(01) a a 01c 0
01 c
a
c
b b b

Axis appears
3.6 A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP 45º.

0' 0' 0'

d' d'

c'(e') c'
e'
50

(0'1) (0'1)
b'
d' c'(e') (0'1) b'(f') a' b'(f') f'
VP a' a'
X HP Y

e f f 0
e f
(a)
e
d
0(01) a d 0 (01)
(01) (a)
d b Axis appearing
c
c b c b
3.7 A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its triangular faces. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45º.

o'

c'(d') d' c'

Triangular face
resting
(0'1)
50

e' 0'1 b'

b'(e')

VP c'(d') (0'1) b'(e') a'(f') a'(f') o' f' a' 0'

X HP Y
e e

d f f d
e
d
25

0(o1) 0
01
(0'1)
a f 01 c
c a c

b b 45,88 a b

Locus Point01
3.9 A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40º and appears to be inclined to VP 45º.

3'(4') 4' 3'

3'(4') (0') 2'(5') 1'
(0') (0')
2'(5') 2'
(5')
1' 1'
d' c'
c'(d')
60

(0'1) 0'1 b'

b'(e') e'
VP c'(d') (0'1) b'(e') a' a' a'
X HP 5 Y
5(e) e 5 1
4(d) d 4 0
4
1
25

0(01) 1(a) (01) (a) 0 e 2

3
3(c) 3 (a)
c
d
2(b) b 2
(01)
b
c Axis Appearing
3.10 A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, which is
inclined to VP at 30º. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º.

3'(4') 4' 3'

3'(4') (0')2'(5') 1'(6') 2'(5') (0')

(5') 2'
(0')

1'(6') (6') 1'

c'(d') d' c'

b'
b'(e')
e' 0'1
(0'1)
a'(f') f'
c'(d') (0'1) b'(e') a'(f') a'
5 6
5(e) e 1
5
0
4(d) 6(f) d (f) 4 6 4
(f)
2
0(01) 0
25

(01) e 3
(a)
1
3(c) 1(a) c (a)3
(01)
2(b) b 2e' d
b
c
3.11 A cone of base circle diameter of 50 mm and 65 mm axis length is resting on a base point on HP. Base makes 30 0 to HP.
Draw the projection of the cone when the axis appears to be inclined at 450 to VP.

0' 0' 0'

65

e' e'
d'(f') d'
c'(g') f'
(0'1) c'
b'(h') g' 0'1
VP e' d'(f')c'(g')(0'1)b'(h') a' a' a' b'
h'
X HP Y
g g
f h f h h
g 0
(a)
0(01) 0
e a e (01) (a)
f b
(01)
d b d b
e c
c c
d
O50
3.12 A cube of 40 mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 30º.Draw the projections when the lateral square
face containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of 50º to HP.

2'(3') 3' 2'

2'(3') (0') (0') (0')

1'(4')
1'(4') (4')
1'
b'(c') b'
c'
40

(0'1) 0'1
a'(d')
VP b'(c') (0'1) a'(d') d' a'
X HP Y
4
3(c) 4(d) c 3 (d)
4
(d) 1
3 0
40

0(01) (01) 0
(a)
(01) 2
c
2(b) 1(a) b 2 (a) 1

b
DEVELOPMENT
4.1 A Square prism of base side 35mm & height 55mm rests with its base on HP and two faces equally inclined to VP. Draw the
development of lateral surfaces of the retained portions of the cut prism shown by dark lines in the figure.

c'1 b'1(d'1) a'1 A1 B12 C1 D14 A1

2 4
55

VP a' 1 b'(d') 3c'

XHP 1 A 1
Y B C3 D A
d1(d)
35
140

a1(a) c1(c)

b1(b)
4.3 A rectangular prism of base 40mm × 25mm and height 65mm rests on HP on its base with the longer base side inclined at
300 to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 400 to HP; perpendicular to VP cuts the axis at its mid height. Draw the
development of the remaining portion of the prism.

a'1 b'1 (d'1) c'1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A1

3 3

4 4
65

2 2 DEVELOPMENT
1 1
32,5

1
VP a' b' (d') c'
XHP Y A B C D A
25 40
d1(d)
130

a1(a) c1(c)

b1(b)
4.5 A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on its base, such that one of its base edges is
parallel to VP. The prism is cut in this position as shown in following front view. Draw the development of lateral surface
of prism.

D1
a'1 b'1(f'1) c'1(e'1) d'1 A1 B1 C1 E1 F1 A1
4 4
53 3 5
25

62
1 10 12 DEVELOPMENT 6
1
50

119 10
12 9 11
8
7 8 12
VPa' b'(f') c'(e') d' 7
7
X HP A B C D E F A
Y
f1(f) e1(e) 20
a1(a) d1(d) 120

b1(b) c1(c)
20
4.7 A square pyramid of base edge 40 mm and height 60 mm rests on HP with its axis vertical and two of its base edges
parallel to VP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 450 to HP bisects the axis of the pyramid. Draw the
development of lateral surface of retained portion of the solid.

0'
0

1
1
23 2
A 3 A
60

4
14 DEVELOPMENT
30

VP a'(d') (0'1) b'(c') B

X HP Y D
d c
C
4 3

0(01)
40

2
1
a
4.11 A cone of base diameter 60mm and height 70mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut as shown in the following figure.
Draw the development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the cone.
0
R=Length of slant generator 3
30' 1
1
A

2 4 A

1 4
70

2 DEVELOPMENT
B
35

D
VP a' b'(d;) c' C
XHP d Y
Radius of the base of cone (r)

30

a c 
0

Radius of the base of cone(r) 
 
Length of slant generator(R)

b   
   
O60 
 
141..80 35.45
4
4.14 Develop the lateral surface of the cylinder of 40mm diameter and height 60mm which is cut in the following way.
F1 G1 H1 A1
a'1 b;1(h'1) c'1(g'1) d'1(f'1) e'1 B1 C1 D1 E1
5 5
4 6 6
4
7 3
3 7
60

DEVELOPMENT
28 2 8
30

1 1 1
a' b'(h') c'(g') d'(f') e'
B C D E G H A
g 15,7 F125,6
h f

a e

b d
c
O40
Lenght=*diameterofcylinder
=3.14*40=125.6mm
=125.6/8=15.7mm
ISOMETRIC
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