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Basic Electrical Short Notes

This document is a quick revision guide for electrical engineering, covering fundamental concepts such as charge, current, voltage, and resistance. It includes key theorems for DC networks, AC fundamentals, magnetic circuits, capacitance, inductance, and 3-phase systems. The guide is designed for PGCIL exam preparation, providing essential formulas and relationships in electrical engineering.

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6 views2 pages

Basic Electrical Short Notes

This document is a quick revision guide for electrical engineering, covering fundamental concepts such as charge, current, voltage, and resistance. It includes key theorems for DC networks, AC fundamentals, magnetic circuits, capacitance, inductance, and 3-phase systems. The guide is designed for PGCIL exam preparation, providing essential formulas and relationships in electrical engineering.

Uploaded by

sky775296
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PGCIL Exam: Basic Electrical Short Notes

Quick Revision Guide for Electrical Engineering

1. Fundamentals of Electricity

• Charge (Q): Unit - Coulomb (C). Q = I × t


• Current (I): Flow of electrons. Unit - Ampere (A). I = V/R
• Voltage (V): Potential difference. Unit - Volt (V).
• Resistance (R): Opposition to current. R = ρL/A. Unit - Ohm (Ω).

2. DC Network Theorems

Ohm's Law

Constant temperature par V ∝ I ya V = IR. (Only for Linear and Bilateral circuits).

Kirchhoff's Laws

• KCL (Junction Law): Based on Conservation of Charge. Sum of incoming currents =


Sum of outgoing currents.
• KVL (Loop Law): Based on Conservation of Energy. Total voltage drop in a closed loop
is zero.

Important Theorems

• Thevenin’s Theorem: Complex circuit ko Vth (Voltage source) aur Rth (Series resistance)
mein badalna.
• Norton’s Theorem: Circuit ko Isc (Current source) aur Rth (Parallel resistance) mein
badalna.
• Maximum Power Transfer: Power max tab hogi jab RL = Rth. Efficiency is case mein
50% hoti hai.

3. AC Fundamentals

• RMS Value: Vrms = Vmax / √2 (for sine wave).


• Average Value: Vavg = 2Vmax / π.
• Form Factor: RMS / Average = 1.11 (for sine wave).
• Peak Factor: Max / RMS = 1.414.
• Power Factor: cos φ = R/Z.

4. Magnetic Circuits

• MMF: Magnetomotive Force = N × I (Unit: Ampere-turns).


• Reluctance (S): Opposes flux. S = l / (μA). Analogous to Resistance.
• Permeance: Reciprocal of reluctance. Analogous to Conductance.

5. Capacitance & Inductance

Property Inductor (L) Capacitor (C)

Energy Stored 1/2 LI2 (Magnetic field) 1/2 CV2 (Electric field)

Reactance XL = 2πfL XC = 1 / (2πfC)

Behavior Current change ko oppose karta hai Voltage change ko oppose karta hai

6. 3-Phase Systems

• Star Connection: VL = √3 Vph and IL = Iph.


• Delta Connection: VL = Vph and IL = √3 Iph.
• Total Power: P = √3 VL IL cos φ.

Prepared for PGCIL Preparation | Self-Study Notes

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