Design of a Dual Band Microstrip Antenna with

Broadband and Circular Polarization

Characteristics Useful for Different Wireless
Applications
T. D. Malakar1, M. Mondal2, S. Das2, S. Bala2, and B. Bag3
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, RCCIIT, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2
Departmentof Electronics, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India

Corresponding author: S. Bala (susmitabala@[Link]).

ABSTRACT A multiband microstrip antenna has been proposed in this research article. The proposed
antenna provides two bands. Two obtained bands are wideband in nature. Lower frequency band ranges from
(1.3–1.6) GHz with 20.68% of bandwidth. Higher frequency band ranges from (2.7-5.7) GHz with 71.42%
of bandwidth. Higher frequency band provides two 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The % of 3 dB
ARBW is 5.94% and 34%, respectively for the first and second circular polarized bandwidths, respectively
for the higher frequency band. Measured peak gain of 4.7 dBi and 3.5 dBi have been obtained at the lower
band and the upper band of the proposed antenna respectively. Also, good radiation patterns have been
obtained from the desired frequency of radiation. Low cost and easily available FR4 material are used as a
dielectric substrate for modeling the proposed structure. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated by
using the ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software. The antenna is fabricated and results
are compared with the simulated results. The reflection co-efficient, gain and radiation patterns of the
proposed antenna are discussed here. There are good agreements between the simulated and measurement
results. The antennas may be useful in part of L band, part of S band, part of C band, Wi-MAX and WLAN
applications etc.

INDEX TERMS Broadband, circular polarization, microstrip antenna, multiband.

I. INTRODUCTION microstip patch with resonator on ground plane to obtain

T HE key benefits of microstrip patch antennas (MPA)

include their low profile, adaptability to both planar and
non-planar surfaces, straightforwardness, and affordability
dual band in [6]. A circular ring type antenna was reported
for dual frequency operation in [7]. A dual band monopole
antenna with defected ground structure was proposed in [8]
to manufacture using current printed circuit technology [1– for Internet of thing (IOT) applications. Another IOT based
2]. Because of this, today’s communication accessories dual band antenna was proposed in [9]. The antenna uses
frequently use microstrip patch antennas. By modifying different shapes of radiating patch to obtain its desired
radiating patch geometry and ground plane geometry, the characteristics. A dual band characteristic has been achieved
MPA shows broadband, multiband, and circular polarization by using V shaped radiating patch fed by V shaped stub in
characteristics [3]. The broadband, multiband and circularly [10]. The antenna was useful for WLAN and Wi-MAX
polarized antennas are extremely useful for fast data applications. In [11], a CPW-fed dual-band antenna is
communication, multi-frequency operation, and avoiding designed using crescent and T-shaped stubs for WI-FI and
misalignment polarization between electronic device WIMAX applications. Shaojian Chen et al. present a dual-
transmission and receiver sections. band compact antenna consisting of an L- shaped rectangular
Many dual band microstrip antennas are reported in the slot and defected ground structure for TD-LTE and WLAN
previous literature so far. A small size dual broadband applications in [12]. In order to achieve broadband
antenna was reported for C band and X band applications in application, fractal geometry was used on a patch as reported
[4]. It uses fractal geometry on rectangular patch to obtain in [13] [14]. In [15], the modified star-like patch yields
two bands. A D shaped antenna uses split ring resonator for (1.6638-6.652) GHz bandwidth. For ground-penetrating
providing two bands in [5]. An antenna uses quasi-circular radar, a wideband slot antenna was proposed in [16]. In [17],

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 T. D. Malakar et al.

a smaller antenna with increased bandwidth by bounding box The calculation of the length L/ and width W of the metal patch
geometry was suggested. For the wireless system in [18], an of the step1 is given below. The calculations are done by using
antenna with a bandwidth of 1.15 GHz to 2.90 GHz and two the equations (i-v) [1]. Here taken resonant frequency is 4.5
triangle-shaped patches and four split ring resonators was GHz.
proposed. In [19], a U-shaped antenna with slots was Here width of the metal patch of the basic antenna (step1) is,
proposed for use in broadband applications. In order to
achieve dual band with circular polarization, a smaller
30 2
antenna was suggested in [20]. According to a report in [21], W= ,
a microstrip antenna was proposed for Global System for 2(4.5) 4.4 + 1
Mobile communication (GSM) and Wi-MAX applications = 2 cm (i)
with two ARBW of 1.69 GHz to 1.94 GHz and 3.64 GHz to The effective dielectric constant (εeff) of the metal patch is
3.88 GHz by using ring slots and U-shaped slots. In [22], a 4.4 + 1 4.4 − 1 45/7 0.16
microstrip antenna with circular polarization and dual band Ԑ011 = + ,1 + 12( )
was presented. A microstrip antenna [23] can reach a 3 dB 2 2 2
axial ratio bandwidth of (3.25-3.43) GHz by using slots. A
circular ultra-wideband antenna with band notch capability = 3.9 cm. (ii)
using fractal geometry was reported in [24]. Using fractal The increased length of the metal patch of the basic antenna
geometry dual band notched ultrawideband antenna was (step1) is, ∆L/
proposed in [25].
2
(3.9 + 3)( 0.264)
△ L/ = (0.16 × 0.412) 0.16
In this paper, a dual band microstrip antenna has been (3.9 − 0.258)(
2
+ 0.8)
proposed. To design the proposed antenna, at first, a 0.16
reference antenna is considered as step1. Then, using
monopole geometry and modified the radiating patch, the = 0.0309 cm (iii)
microstrip antenna (reference antenna) converts into a The true length of the metal patch of the basic antenna (step1)
proposed antenna which shows dual band, broadband and is
𝜆
circularly polarized characteristics. The antenna may be L/ = − 2 △ L/
useful in various wireless applications. 2
= 1.62 cm (iv)
II. ANTENNA GEOMETRY So, the effective length of the metal patch of the basic antenna
The proposed antenna is shown in Figure 1. The proposed (step1) is
antenna is designed and simulated by HFSS simulation Leff = L/+2ΔL/ = 1.68 cm (v)
software. FR4 dielectric substrate with a height (h) of 1.6 mm, After calculation, the taken optimized length and width of the
a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.023 is metal patch of the basic antenna (step1) are 14.53 mm and
used to design the proposed antenna. The total substrate 19.22 mm, respectively. The optimized length and width of the
volume to design the proposed antennas is 60×60×1.6 mm3. inset feed line is taken as L0 = 5 mm and W0 = 0.6 mm
All dimensions are shown in the layout of Figure 1. The respectively. All the dimensions of the proposed antenna are
evolution process of the proposed structure is shown in Figure tabulated in the TABLE I.
2. The evolution process consists of three steps. First step is TABLE I. Dimensions of the proposed antenna (mm)
shown in Figure 2(a).This step consists of microstrip antenna
with an inset feed transmission line. Figure 2(b) shows the Parameter Dimension Parameter Dimension
A 60 H 10
step2 which is the broadband antenna. It uses truncated ground B 60 I 4.61
plane and microstrip line feed technique to excite the antenna. C 2.26 J 5
Third step is shown in Figure 2(c). It uses some additional slits D 14.52 K 12.8
E 4.61 L 2.74
to obtain circular polarization characteristics. The microstrip F 30.06 M 22.74
transmission line (22.74×3.06 mm2) feed technique is used to G 15 N 5
excite the proposed antenna. The simulated reflection co-
efficient verses frequency curve for the proposed antenna is
shown in Figure 3(a), the simulated axial ratio versus
frequency curve of the proposed structure is shown in Figure
3(b) and the simulated gain versus frequency curve is shown
in Figure 3(c). After comparing different steps, the third step
has been considered as the proposed antenna. Snapshots of the
proposed antenna including its different steps is shown in
Figure 4(a, b and c).

32 VOL. 14, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2025

FIGURE 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna

(c)

FIGURE 3. Evolution steps of the proposed antenna (a) reflection co-efficient

versus frequency plot (b) axial ratio versus frequency plot (c) gain versus
frequency plot

FIGURE 2. Evolution of the proposed antenna (a) step1 (b) step2 (c) step3
(proposed antenna)

(a) (b) (c)

FIGURE 4. Snapshot of the different steps of the proposed antenna (a) step1
(b) Step2 (c) step3 (proposed antenna)

III. PARAMETRIC STUDY

Parametric studies have been done for different parameters of
the proposed antenna mentioned in this section. At first,
parametric study for the ground plane of the proposed antenna
has been done. The other parameters remain constant. The
proposed antenna provides broadband characteristics due to
the modification of the ground plane. Here parametric study
for the ground plane of different dimensions (Lg = 19 mm, 20
(a) mm and 21 mm) is done. The reflection co-efficient versus
frequency curve and axial ratio versus frequency curve is
shown in Figure 5(a and b). Comparing with different
dimensions, Lg = 20 mm has been selected for the proposed
Antenna.

(b)

(a)

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 T. D. Malakar et al.

Parametric study for the parameter of E has been done. The

values of E = 3.61 mm, 4.61 mm and 5.61 mm are done for

(b)
(a)
FIGURE 5. Parametric studies for Lg parameter (a) the reflection co- efficient
versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve

(a)

(b)

FIGURE 7. Parametric studies for E parameter (a) the reflection co-efficient

versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve

Parametric analysis purpose. The reflection co-efficient

frequency curve and axial ratio versus frequency curve are
shown in Figure 7(a and b). Comparing with different
dimensions after parametric analysis, E = 4.61 mm has been
selected for the proposed antenna.
Parametric study for the different dimension of the F for the
proposed antenna has been done keeping other parameters
fixed. Here parametric study for the different dimensions of
(b) F = 29.06 mm, 30.06 mm and 31.06 mm has been done. The
FIGURE 6. Parametric studies for D parameter (a) the reflection co- reflection co-efficient versus frequency curve and axial ratio
efficient versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve versus frequency curve are shown in Figure 8(a and b).
Comparing with different dimensions, F = 30.06 mm has
Parametric study for the parameter D has been done for the been selected for the proposed antenna.
proposed antenna. Here parametric study for the different Parametric study for the different dimensions of the I for the
dimensions of D has been studied. Parametric analysis for proposed antenna has been done. Other parameters are fixed.
D=13.52 mm, 14.52 mm and 15.52 mm has been done. The Here parametric study for the different dimensions of I =
reflection co-efficient versus frequency curve and axial ratio 3.61 mm, 4.61 mm and 5.61 mm has been done. The
versus frequency curve are shown in Figure 6(a and b). reflection co-efficient versus frequency curve and axial ratio
Comparing with different dimensions, D=14.52 mm has versus frequency curve are shown in Figure 9(a and b).
been selected for the proposed antenna. At the time of Comparing with different dimensions, I = 4.61 mm has been
analysis other parameters are remained kept fixed. selected for the proposed antenna.

34 VOL. 14, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2025

Parametric study for the different dimensions of the G
for the proposed antenna has been done. Here parametric
study for the different dimensions of G = 14 mm, 15 mm
and 16 mm has been done keeping other parameters
fixed. The reflection co-efficient versus frequency curve
and axial ratio versus frequency curve are shown in
Figure 10(a and b). Comparing with different
dimensions, G = 15 mm has been selected for the
proposed antenna.

(b)

FIGURE 9. Parametric studies for I parameter (a) the reflection co-efficient

versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve

(a)

(a)

(b)

FIGURE 8. Parametric studies for F parameter (a) the reflection co-efficient

versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve

(b)

FIGURE 10. Parametric studies for G parameter (a) the reflection co-efficient
versus frequency curve (b) axial ratio versus frequency curve

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In this section, simulated and measured results of the
proposed antenna have been discussed. The simulation of the
antennas has been done using HFSS software. Here, the
results of the reflection coefficient (S11), gain and radiation
patterns of the proposed antenna is discussed. Figure 11(a)
depicts the simulated and measured reflection coefficient
(a) plot of step1 of the proposed antenna. Step1 provides a single
band of frequency. The range of simulated frequencies is

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 T. D. Malakar et al.

(4.5–4.7) GHz with a centre frequency of 4.6 GHz where as bandwidth (ARBW). The 3 dB axial ratio versus frequency
measured band of frequency ranges from 4.46 GHz to 4.76 plot is shown in Figure 14. Two 3 dB axial ratio
GHz with a centre frequency of 4.7 GHz. The magnitude of bandwidths have been obtained in the second wideband of
the simulated reflection coefficient is -21.85 dB at a resonant (6.3-2.3) GHz. Two 3 dB ARBW bandwidth are (4.9-5.2)
frequency of 4.6 GHz. The magnitude of the measured GHz and (6.06-6.27 GHz). The % of 3 dB ARBW is 5.94%
reflection coefficient is -21.4 dB at a resonant frequency of and 34%, respectively for the first and second CP
4.7 GHz. The simulated bandwidth of the step1 is (4.7–4.5) bandwidths, respectively.
GHz = 0.20 GHz and the percentage bandwidth is 4.34%.
The measured bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is (4.76– (a)
4.46) GHz = 0.30 GHz and the percentage bandwidth is
6.5%. The bandwidth is narrow. Now to increase the
impedance bandwidth of the step1, step2 has been modified
and step2 uses monopole concept to broaden the bandwidth.
Figure 11(b) depicts a plot of the reflection coefficient versus
frequency curve. The range of the simulated frequency is
(2.2-6.1) GHz with a deep resonant frequency of 5 GHz and
the measured frequency range is (2.32-6.12) GHz. The
simulated bandwidth of the step2 is (6.1-2.2) GHz = 3.9 GHz
and the percentage bandwidth are 93.97%. The measured
bandwidth of the antenna is (2.32-6.12) GHz =3.8
GHz with the percentage bandwidth of 90.04%. The (b)
reflection co-efficient versus frequency plot of the step3
(proposed antenna) is shown in Figure 11(c). The proposed
antenna supports dual bands. One band is very narrow and
the other band is wide. The simulated first band is (1.3–1.6)
GHz with a deep centre frequency of 1.5 GHz. The measured
first band is (1.3–1.6) GHz with a deep resonant frequency
of 1.4 GHz. The simulated and measured bandwidth of the
first band is 0.30 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of
20.68%. The second band is wideband. The simulated
bandwidth for the second band of the proposed antenna is
(6.3-2.3) GHz=4 GHz and the percentage bandwidth are (c)
93.02%. The measured bandwidth for the second band of the FIGURE 11: Reflection co-efficient plot for (a) step1, (b) step2 and(c)
proposed antenna is (2.7-5.7) GHz =3 GHz and the step3 (proposed antenna)
percentage bandwidth are 71.42%. The peak gain for the
different steps of the proposed antenna has been observed at
some frequencies. The simulated peak gain is 4.6 dBi at the
resonant frequency of 4.6 GHz has been obtained from the
step1. The measured peak gain of 4 dBi has been obtained at
4.7 GHz from the step1. In case of step2, the simulated peak
gain of 3.8 dBi is obtained at a resonant frequency of 4.9 GHz
whereas the measured peak gain of 4.1 dBi has been obtained
at the frequency of 4.9 GHz. The peak gain plot of the
proposed antenna is shown in Figure 12. In lower band, 5.1
dBi simulated peak gain has been obtained at 1.5 GHz of the
proposed antenna whereas 4.7 dBi measured peak gain has
been obtained at 1.5 GHz from the proposed antenna structure.
FIGURE 12: Gain plot for proposed antenna
In upper band, the simulated and measured peak gain at 4.2
GHz frequency is 5.1 dBi and 3.5 dBi respectively.
The suitable normalized E-H plane radiation patterns have
been obtained for the step1, step2 and the proposed antenna
(step3) are shown in Figure 13(a-f). The LHCP and RHCP
radiation patterns at the frequency of 5.2 GHz of the
proposed antenna are shown in Figure 13(g-h).
The proposed antenna provides an additional characteristic
of circular polarization in the second band. The circular
polarization (CP) is defined by the 3 dB axial ratio

36 VOL. 14, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2025

 (a) (b)

(c) (d)

FIGURE 14: Axial ratio versus frequency curve of the proposed antenna

The proposed work in this article has been compared (TABLE

II) with the other works which are reported so far. The
proposed work has been compared in terms of substrate area,
bandwidth, gain and applications with the other works which
were mentioned in the introduction part. After comparing, it is
concluded that our work provides the best work.
(e) (f)
TABLE II. Comparison table

Ref No Substrate Bandwidth Gain Applications

Area (MHz) (dB)
(mm2)
[4] 40×40 630 5.2 C band and X
1350 7 band
[5] 18×20 500 3.35 Wi-MAX and C
250 1.8 band
[6] 3846.5 63 -1.97 Wireless
318 4.12 Networks
[7] 48×48 25 Not GSM
(g) (h) 24 given Wi-MAX
[8] 14×14 200 1.76 5G
400 3.32 Wi-Fi
FIGURE 13. Radiation patterns of the different steps of the proposed [9] 13×12 200 1.58 Different
antenna (a) step1 at 4.6 GHz (b) step2 at 2.6 GHz (c) step2 at 4.9 GHz (d) 170 1.7 Wireless Area
step3 at 1.5 GHz (e) step3 at 2.6 GHz (f) step3 at 4.2 GHz (g-h) step3 at [10] 18×26 470 1.51 WLAN
5.2 GHz 1020 2.34
This 60×60 300 4.7 Wi-MAX, Part
work 3000 3.5 of L band, part
of C band
WiMAX,
WLAN

V. CONCLUSION
In this article, a dual broadband circularly polarized microstip
antenna has been proposed. The antenna provides a narrow
band of 1.3 GHz to 1.6 GHz bandwidth and a wide bandwidth
of 2.7 GHz to 5.7 GHz bandwidth. The measured peak gain of
4.7 dBi and 3.5 dBi have been observed at the lower band and
upper band of the proposed antenna respectively. Also 3 dB
axial ratio bandwidth has been observed at the upper band of
the proposed antenna. Satisfied radiation patterns have been
observed from the proposed antenna. The antenna may be
applicable in various wireless fields.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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 T. D. Malakar et al.

We are thankful to Prof. Partha Pratim Sarkar and Dr. application in wireless communication systems,” IET Microwaves,
Antennas & Propagation, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1222-1230, April 2018.
Sushanta Sarkar for their help to carry out the works. I am [19] K. Mondal and P. P. Sarkar, “U-shape broadband monopole antenna
thankful to Department of Engineering and Technological with modified ground plane,” Microwave Optical Technology Letter,
Studies of University of Kalyani for their help and inspiration. vol 58, no. 11, pp. 2544–2547, November 2016.
[20] J. Yuan, Z. Chen, Z. D. Chen and Y. Li, “A compact dual-
band microstrip ring antenna using multiring ground for GPS L1/L2-
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