Student Name: Nai Kelly
NHM 526: Statistics I in NHM
Problem Solving Assignment #6 – Chapter 6
Please answer the following questions:
1. A psychology class consists of 14 males and 36 females. If the professor selects names from
the class list using random sampling,
a. What is the probability that the first student selected will be a female?
36
P(female)= =0.72
50
b. If a random sample of n = 3 students is selected and the first two are both females,
what is the probability that the third student selected will be a male?
Without replacement:
Remaining after 2 females → 34 females, 14 males, total = 48
14
P(male)= ≈ 0.29
48
2. What are the two requirements that must be satisfied for a random sample?
Every individual has an equal chance of selection
Selection of one individual does not influence others (independence)
3. Draw a vertical line through a normal distribution for each of the following z-score
locations. Determine whether the tail is on the right or left side of the line and find the
proportion in the tail.
a. z = 2.00
b. z = 0.60
c. z = –1.30
d. z = –0.30
Using z-table:
(a) z = 2.00 → right tail ≈ 0.0228
(b) z = 0.60 → right tail ≈ 0.2743
(c) z = −1.30 → left tail ≈ 0.0968
(d) z = −0.30 → left tail ≈ 0.3821
4. Find each of the following probabilities for a normal distribution.
a. p(z > 0.25)
b. p(z > –0.75)
c. p(z < 1.20)
d. p(z < –1.20)
(a) p(z > 0.25) = 0.4013
(b) p(z > −0.75) = 0.7734
(c) p(z < 1.20) = 0.8849
(d) p(z < −1.20) = 0.1151
5. Find each of the following probabilities for a normal distribution.
a. p(–0.25 < z < 0.25)
b. p(–2.00 < z < 2.00)
c. p(–0.30 < z < 1.00)
d. p(–1.25 < z < 0.25)
(a) p (−0.25 < z < 0.25) = 0.1974
(b) p (−2 < z < 2) = 0.9544
(c) p (−0.30 < z < 1.00) = 0.4582
(d) p (−1.25 < z < 0.25) = 0.4938
6. For a normal distribution with a mean of μ = 80 and a standard deviation of σ = 20, find the
proportion of the population corresponding to each of the following scores.
a. Scores greater than 85.
X > 85 → z = 0.25 → 0.4013
b. Scores less than 100.
X < 100 → z = 1 → 0.8413
c. Scores between 70 and 90.
70 < X < 90 → z = −0.5 to 0.5 → 0.3829
7. IQ test scores are standardized to produce a normal distribution with a mean of μ = 100 and
a standard deviation of σ =15. Find the proportion of the population in each of the following
IQ categories.
a. Genius or near genius: IQ greater than 140
>140 → z=2.67 → 0.0038
b. Very superior intelligence: IQ between 120 and 140
120–140 → z=1.33 to 2.67 → 0.0885
c. Average or normal intelligence: IQ between 90 and 109
90–109 → z=−0.67 to 0.60 → 0.4736
8. A recent newspaper article reported the results of a survey of well-educated suburban
parents. The responses to one question indicated that by age 2, children were watching an
average of μ = 60 minutes of television each day. Assuming that the distribution of
television-watching times is normal with a standard deviation of σ = 20 minutes, find each
of the following proportions.
a. What proportion of 2-year-old children watch more than 90 minutes of television
each day?
>90 → z=1.5 → 0.0668
b. What proportion of 2-year-old children watch less than 20 minutes a day?
<20 → z=−2 → 0.0228
9. A consumer survey indicates that the average household spends μ = $185 on groceries each
week. The distribution of spending amounts is approximately normal with a standard
deviation of σ = $25. Based on this distribution,
a. What proportion of the population spends more than $200 per week on groceries?
>200 → z=0.6 → 0.2743
b. What is the probability of randomly selecting a family that spends less than $150
per week on groceries?
<150 → z=−1.4 → 0.0808
c. How much money do you need to spend on groceries each week to be in the top
20% of the distribution?
Top 20% → z ≈ 0.84
X =185+(0.84)(25)≈206
10. Rochester, New York, averages μ = 21.9 inches of snow for the month of December. The
distribution of snowfall amounts is approximately normal with a standard deviation of σ =
6.5 inches. This year, a local jewelry store is advertising a refund of 50% off of all purchases
made in December, if Rochester finishes the month with more than 3 feet (36 inches) of
total snowfall. What is the probability that the jewelry store will have to pay off on its
promise?
z = (36 − 21.9)/6.5 ≈ 2.17
P( X> 36)≈ 0.015
Very low probability (1.5%)
11. A multiple-choice test has 48 questions, each with four response choices. If a student is
simply guessing at the answers,
a. What is the probability of guessing correctly for any question?
P(correct) = 0.25
b. On average, how many questions would a student get correct for the entire test?
Mean = np = 48×0.25 = 12
c. What is the probability that a student would get more than 15 answers correct
simply by guessing?
P(X > 15) ≈ 0.12
d. What is the probability that a student would get 15 or more answers correct simply
by guessing?
P(X ≥ 15) ≈ 0.17
12. For a balanced coin:
a. What is the probability of getting more than 30 heads in 50 tosses?
P(X > 30 of 50) ≈ 0.08
b. What is the probability of getting more than 60 heads in 100 tosses?
P(X > 60 of 100) ≈ 0.03
c. Parts a and b both asked for the probability of getting more than 60% heads in a
series of coin tosses (30/50 = 60/100 =60%). Why do you think the two
probabilities are different?
Although they are both 60, the sample with 100 tosses is more stable (fewer variations).
Increased samples have less variability, therefore the extreme results are less probable.