Palestine

Polytechnic
University
Collage of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering

Main Formulas and

Charts for Analysis
and Design of
Reinforced Concrete
Structures

Dr. Nasr Younis Abboushi

2020-2021
Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Material Properties
√ √

Load Factors and Strength Reduction Factors

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

Strength Condition

1. Flexure (with or without axial force)

Tension-controlled sections ……………………………………………………. 0.90
Compression-controlled sections
Spirally reinforced ………………………………………………….. 0.75
Others …………………………………………………………………… 0.65
2. Shear and torsion ………………………………………………………………………………. 0.75
3. Bearing on concrete …………………………………………………………………………… 0.65
4. Post-tensioned anchorage zones ……………………………………………………….. 0.85
5. Struts, ties, nodal zones, and bearing areas in strut-and-tie models ….. 0.75

( )

Balanced, Maximum and Minimum Steel Percentages

( ) ( )

The maximum reinforcement ratio

( )

A minimum steel area,

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 Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

and not less than

The above requirements of need not be applied if, ( ).

Maximum Spacing

( ) ( )

Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Sections for Flexure

( √ ) ( )

( ) ( )

Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Sections

̅ ( )

( )

( )

( ( )) ( ) ( )( )

( ) ( )( )

Reinforced Concrete T- and L- Sections

The effective width for interior T-section must be the smallest value of:

The effective width for exterior (edge) L-section must be the smallest value of:
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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

For isolated T-section beams:

( )

̅ ( )

( )( ) ( ) ( )

√ √

Shear in Beams

√ √ √

( )
Case I:

Case II:

( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
Minimum shear reinforcement,

( ) √

Case III:

( )

is the maximum of

Minimum shear reinforcement is provided ( ) with

Case IV:
( ) ( )

Case V:

( ) ( )

Axially Loaded Short Columns

[ ( ) ] [ ( ) ]

( )
( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Short Columns with Axial Load and Bending Moment

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

[ ]
( )( ) ( )( )

{ ( ) ( )

√( ) *( ) ( ) ( )( )+}

When then

{ √( ) *( )( ) +}

Biaxially Loaded Columns

[ ( ) ]

Slender Columns

∑
( )
( )

∑ ( )
∑
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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
Compression members:
Columns
Walls – Uncracked
– Cracked
Flexural members:
Beams
Flat plates and flat slabs

Compression members:

( )( )

need not be taken less than .

Flexural members:

( )( )

( )

( )

( )
√

∑
∑

One-way Slabs

( ) ( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Two-way Slabs

1. For

( )
( )
2. For

( )

3. For ( ( ))

( )

√ √

√ √ √

Punching Shear (Slabs and Footings):

( ) √ ( ) √ √

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

∑( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Footings and Foundations

( ) ( )√

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
1. When , the soil pressure is trapezoidal.

2. When , the soil pressure is triangular.

3. When , the soil pressure is triangular.

( )
( )

Development, Anchorage, and Splicing of Reinforcement

Tension-Development Lengths

( )
√ ( )

and Smaller Bars

and Larger Bars
and Deformed Wires
Case 1: Clear spacing of bars being developed
or spliced not less than , and stirrups or ties
throughout not less than the code
minimum
or √ √
Case 2: Clear spacing of bars being developed ( ) ( )
or spliced not less than and clear cover
not less than

Other cases √ √
( ) ( )

- The length computed using these equations shall not be taken less than .

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Factors in Equations ( ) through ( )

bar location factor
Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than of fresh
concrete is cast in the member below the development length or
splice............................................................................................................ 1.3
Other reinforcement…................................................................................. 1.0

coating factor
Epoxy-coated bars or wires with cover less than or clear spacing less
than ....................................................................................................... 1.5
All other epoxy-coated bars or wires........................................................... 1.2
Uncoated and galvanized reinforcement .................................................... 1.0
The product of ( ) need not be taken greater than 1.7.

bar-size factor
and smaller bars and deformed wires .............................................. 0.8
and larger bars.................................................................................... 1.0

lightweight-aggregate-concrete factor
When any lightweight-aggregate concrete is used ................................... 0.75
However, when the splitting tensile strength is specified, shall be
permitted to be taken as √ but not more than.......................... 1.0
When normal-weight concrete is used ........................................................1.0

transverse reinforcement index

Compression-Development Lengths

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 Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
Hooked Anchorage

( )
√
where for epoxy-coated bars or wires and 1.0 for galvonized and uncoated
reinforcement

Top or
Hooked Side Bottom
Bar Cover, Cover, Tail
Location Type size mm mm Cover Stirrups or ties Factor
1. Anywhere,
12.5.3(a) Any Any Not required

2. Anywhere,
12.5.3(a) Any Not required

3. Anywhere, Enclosed in stirrups or

12.5.3(b) ties perpendicular to Except
Any Any Any
hooked bar, spaced as in
along line 6
4. Anywhere, Enclosed in stirrups or
12.5.3(b) ties parallel to hooked Except
Any Any Any
bar spaced as in
along line 6
5. Anywhere, Enclosed in stirrups or
12.5.3(c) ties perpendicular to Except
Any Any Any
hooked bar, spaced as in
along line 6

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 Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
6. At the ends Enclosed in stirrups or
of members, or ties perpendicular to
Any
12.5.4 hooked bar, spaced

is the diameter of the bar being developed by the hook

The first stirrup or tie should enclose the hook within of the outside of the bend.
If two or more factors apply, is multiplied by the product of the factors
Line 6 (ACI Code Section 12.5.4) applies at the discontinuous ends of members

Bar Cutoffs and Development of Bars in Flexural Members

No flexural bar shall be terminated in a tension zone unless one of the following conditions is
satisfied:
1. The shear is not over two-thirds of the design strength .

( )

2. Stirrups in excess of those normally required are provided over a distance along each
terminated bar from the point of cutoff equal to . These "binder" stirrups shall
provide an area . In addition, the stirrup spacing shall not exceed
, where is the ratio of the area of bars cut off to the total area of bars
at the section.

3. The continuing bars, if or smaller, provide twice the area required for flexure at
that point, and the shear does not exceed three-quarters of the design strength
( )

[ ]

Tension Lap Splices of Reinforcement

Class A splice:
Class B splice:

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Compression Lap Splices of Reinforcement

For bars with

For bars with ( )

Column Splices

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Bearing and Retaining Walls

* ( ) +

( )

( ) ( ) ( )( )

( )
( )
( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi
When ( ) , then

( )

When ( ) , then
* ( ) +* ( ) +
( )
* ( ) +
Where:

( ) ( )

Lateral loads: Wind and (Earthquake) Seismic Loads

( )

Combined height, exposure and gust factor coefficient ( )

Height above average level of
Adjoining ground Exposure D Exposure C Exposure B
[feet] [meter]

1
Values for intermediate heights above ( ) may be interpolated

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

for steel moment frames, for concrete moment frames

for eccentric braced frames, for all other buildings

, , , , , and soil profile types (UBC Table 16-J), where

hard rock, soft rock, very dense soil and soft rock
stiff soil profile, soft soil profile,
Soil profile requiring site-specific evaluation.

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

( )( )
∑

Shear Walls
Distribution of Story Forces (Story Shears) to Walls

( ) ( )

∑ ∑
∑ ∑

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

Shear and Flexural strength of shear walls

( √ )
√ [ √ ]

( ) √

( √ )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

( )( )

* ( )( )+

( )

( )

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Reinforced Concrete Formulas and Charts Dr. Nasr Abboushi

Prestressed concrete
(a) Prestressing Force Only

( ) ( )

(b) Prestressing Plus Self-weight

( ) ( )

(a) Prestressing Plus total loads

( ) ( )

For bonded members

( )

For unbonded members with span to depth

( )

For unbonded members with span to depth ,

( )

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