La iterally “go fm coined by Aristotle to deseribe the pinnacleof + This has often been translated into "hum arguably likening humans to flowers achieving their full bloom acquiring these qualities ill surely bring the seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion of what we call the > + Every discovery, innavatian, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge. + Human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to science and technology. + Technology is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science (Heidegger). « The end goals of both science and technology and human flourishing are related, in that the good isinherentlyrelatedtothe truth. ca + Scientific Method: 1, Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences unfolding 2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved 3. Through past knowledge of similar instance, Formulatehypothesis that could explain the said phenomenon 4, Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables, and trying to see how independent ones attect dependent ones. 5, Gather and analyse results throughout and upon culmination of the experiment, Examine if the data gathered are significant enough to conclude results 6, Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation incase others would want to. broaden the study. oe z The earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy from science = The idea that proposes that a discipiine is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted. This theory gves premium to empiricism and only takes into account those results which are measurable and experiments which are reputable. - Espoused byamovementin theearly20 "century called the 8 group of ‘scholars who believed that only those which can be observed should be regarded as ‘meaningful and reject those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless. Its shortcomings, however, proved to be somewhat too risky — several budding theories that lack empirical results might be shot down prematurely, causing slower innovation and punishing ingenuity or newer, novel thoughts. The current prevalent methodology in science proposed. Karl P ‘Asserts that as long as an Ideology Is not proven to be false and can best explain a phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology. - This theory alowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by veritcation theory.+ The term “Generation Gap’ is attributed to the changes brought about by technology, _ + Although the original idea is for technology to help everyone, it cannot be denied that until today, not everyone is comfortable using the different kinds of technologies. > —_ ERPS COROT ON REE REE + Our early ancestors’ primal need to survive paved way for the invention of several developments = Gifted with more advanced brains than other creatures, humans are able to utilize abundant materials. + Homo erectus have been using fire to cook, though chipping one fint over the other to produce a spark, all without realizing the laws of friction and heat. + Tools from stone and fints marked the era of Stone Age when Homo sapiens, and humans began to sharpen stones as one would a knife. + Soon enough, people discovered minerals and began forging metalwork and realized that these substances are more durable, malleable, and have more luster than stones. > _THEHUMANCONDITIONINTHECOMMONERA = MALG + The humans of today are much better off compared to humans several centuries ago. + Advancements in medicine, technology, health, and education ushered humanity's best yet, and shown no sign of stopping. = Below are notable comparisons then and now: 1, Mortaltty Rate + Due totechnology, lesser women and children dle during birth, assuring robust population and strong workforce + Medical care for prematue infants allows them to survive and develop norrrally, while proper maternal care ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain empowered. 2. Average Lifespan = Selence is abie to prolonglives by enhancing living status and discovering different remedies to most diseases + Distribution of medicines is also made easier and faster. Literacy Rate = Access to education provided to more individuals generally creates a more Informed public that could determine a more just society. 4. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ~ Used to determine the value of the county's goods and services produced within the territory given a certain time period. = Higher country income is brought upon by high productivity, often an indicator of presence of technology. + THE GOODLIFE + Inancient Greece, long before the world “science’ has been coined, the need to understand the world ‘and reality was bound with the need to understand the self and the good Iife. + For Plato, the task of understanding the things in the world runs parallel with the job of truly getting Into what will make the soul flourish. + Aristotle gave a definitive distinction between the theoretical and practical sciences. + Among theoreticaldisciplines _, Aristotle included Logic, Blology, Physics, and Metaphysics. + Among the practical ones, Aristotle counted Ethies and Palities >> _ ARISTOTLE AND HOW WE ALL ASPIRE FOR A GOOD LIFE + Atistotleis the first philosopher who approached the problem of reality from a “scientific” fens. + He Is also the first thinker who dabbed into the complex problematization of the end goal of life: happiness «= Aristotle claims that happiness is the beall and end all of everything that we do.«+ Inthe previous statement, Aristotle meant about Human Flourishing, + Human fourishing is a kind of contentment in knowing that one is getting the best of our life. Akind of feeling that one has maxed out his potentials in the world, that he has attained the eruxof his humanity > Ec IRSE ED MAHESIH + Inthe 18 century, John Stuart Mill declared the Greatest Happiness Principle by saying that an action is rightas far as it maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest number -af people Materialism The first matertalists were the atomists in Arcient Greece. - Demooftus and Leucippus leas a school whose primary belief is that the world is made up of ands controlled by the tiny indivisible untts In the world called atomos or seeds. - Interms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us attain happiness. People are clingy on to material wealth as the primary meaning of their existence. ledonism The hedonists see the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure which is their priory. - For them, if is about obtaining and induging in pleasure because ife is kmited. - Themantra of this school of thoughts the famous, “Eat, drink, ard be meny for tomorrow we die”. - This schoolof thought led by ——_Epieurus, does not buy any notion of afterlife just like the materialists, ‘Stoicism “ Alsoled by Epicurvs, the stoics espoused the idea that to generate happiness, one must lear to distance oneself and be apathetic. - Theoriginalterm, —_apatheia_, precisely meansto be indifferent - For stoies, happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy. 4 Theism + Theultmate basis of happiness for theist is the communion with God. - Most people find the meaning of their lives using God as a fulcrum of ther existence Humanism = Humanism as another school of thought espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny andto legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls. ~ For humanists, manis literally the captain of the ship. They see themselves as stewards of the creation butas individuals who are in control of themselves and the world outside them + The word “technology” came from the Greek words “techne” and "logos" which mean art and word, respectively. Technology means a discourse on arts (Buchanan, 2010). += Technology keeps on progressing due to rot only the changing times and the environment but also to the ever-progressing mind of mankind. + Though ithas been very helpful to people, its stllnot immuneto ertticisms and backlash, > TELEVISION SETS, MOBILE PHONES, AND HUMANITY. ~ Accowing to Kantar Media, 92% of urban homes and 70% of rural homes own in the Philippines at least one television set that is why television remains to be the utimate medium for advertisements. - Television is a product of different experiments of various people. = Inthelate 1800s, PaulGottlieb Nipkow a German student, was successful in his attempt to send images through wires with the aid of a rotating metal disk. He called this invertionthe” electrictelescope * that had 18 lines of resolution. - In1907, Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton and Boris Rosing created anew system of television by using cathode ray tube in adcition to the mechanical scanner system.This gave rise to two types of television systems, namely mechanical and electronic television. ‘+ RolesandFunctions Played by Television ‘a. Mainlyused asa platform for advertisements andinformation dissemination b. Serves as arecreational activity and good stress reliever to most families . Agood platform for different propagandas and advocacies d. A good way to bond with one’s family members + Mobile Phones ~ In 2010, according to dobal research agency Synovate, 67% of the Filipino population ‘own at least one mobile phone. ~ Ina survey conducted from 2011-2012 by Ipos Media Atlas Philippines, It was found that one (1) in every three (3) Filpinos cannot live without a mobile phone. = On April 3,1973,_ Martin Cooper _. a senior manager at Motorola, made the world's first ‘mobile phone call, He cid this by calling their rival telecommunications company and ‘properly informed them that he was making the call from a mobile phone. = The mobile phone used by Cooper weighed 1.1 kilograms andmeasured 228.6 « 127 x 44.4 millimeters, Itis capable of 30-minute talk time and takes 10 hours to charge. - In 1983, Motorola made their first commercial mobile phone available to the public known asthe Motorola Dyna TAC 8000X. . nineties reavens Fredy motte aw ‘a. Primarily used for com fused ar taee oe Pictures «. Functions 2s music player, calendar, radio, television, and photo editor d. Portable and convenient as it can fit in any space : ‘Charles 19 * century English Mathematics professor, designed the ‘Analytical Engine which was used as the basic framework of the computers, - Itcan be classified into three generations. ~ The fist true portable computer was released in Apri 1981 and it was called OSBORNE 1 * Roles and Functions Played by Computers and Laptops a, Used to surf internet and communicate b, Functions as calendar, calculator, music player, camera, ete ‘¢. Used as tod in performing tasks in schools and offices bout Filipinos and thet use of gadgets and the internet Mobile phone subscrption is at 119 milion Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop Currently the Philppine has one of the highest digital population in the world ‘There are now 47 million active Facebook accounts in the Philippines ‘The Philippines is the fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia a b, © 4 e ‘SOME ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACED BY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS 1. Devices makes children lazy and unhealthy 2. These technologies faces moral dilemmas due the varlety of contents and information that can be accessed through internet 3. Itcauses some people to become reclusive, ellenating themselves from other people. 4. Sometime it makes people virtually doser but notphysically or personally ROBOTICS AND HUMANITY + A robot is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes witha degree of autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform intended tasks. + Autonomy means the ability to perform intended tesks based on current state and sensing without human interventon, peeled. is eviboltthetpateesuedil nin ts eer oieexcluding industrial application + A personal servicesabot— is ¢ service robot used for a non-commercial task, usually by laypersons. Examples are domestic servant robot, automated wheelchair, personal ‘mobility assist robots, and pet exercising robots. ~ A professional cerdice robot a service robot used for commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained operator. Examples are cleaning robot for public placee, delivery robots in offices or hospitals, firefighting robots, rehabilitation robo, and surgery robot in hospitals. Germany was one of the frst countries to develop service robots. ‘The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research's “Service Robotes innovation Lead Initiative" eponsored a collaborative project called DESIRE (Deutshe Servicerobotk. tn rmany Service R li launched on October 1,2008. DESIRE has following objectives: ‘a. To achieve a technological edge toward attaining key functions and components that are suited for everybody b, To create a reference architecture for mobile manipulation €. To promote the convergence of technologies through integration into a common technology platform d, To conduct pre-competition research and development activities fornew products and technology transfer in startup enterprises inthe field of service robots Expected work by DESIRE includes: ‘@. Clear up thekitchentable —— all objects on top of the kitchen table will be moved to where they belong b. Fillthe dishwasher — thedirty dishes willbe sorted correctly nto the dishwasher ¢. Clear upthis room — ~all objects that are not in their proper places will be moved to where they belong The eatllest conception of robots can be traced around 3000 B.C. from the Egyptiens in ‘their water clocks having used human figurines to strike the hour bells. However, the earliest robot as people know were created in the early 1950's by George Devol ,the” Unimate * from the words Universal Automation + Roles Played by Robotics a. Primarily used to ease the workload of manknd b. Invented to make life more efficient and less stressful . They performcomplicated actvities which human beingsare incapable of doing d. They perform simplest task at home so that their master can perform ‘complex ones. ‘@ Some robots are made for pleasure such as for entertaining people like in ‘amusement parks or exhibits + Robot Laws (asformulated by tsaac Asimov inthe 1940's) a, Law One = Arobot maynot injure a human being or, through inaction, allow human being to come te harm b. Law Two = A robot must obey the orders given it byhuman beings except where euch orders would conflict with the First Law c, Law Three = A robot must protect its own existence as long as such existence does ot conflict with the First and Second Law + Ethical Dilemmas Faced by Robotics a. Safety — who should be held accountable if someone's safety is, ‘compromised bya robot? Who should be blamed? The agent or the inventor? . Emotional Component — itis not completely impossibe for robotsto develop emotions (Evans, 2007) Partial Autonomy —— includes active human-robot interaction = excludes active human-sobot interaction. A robot can Full Autonomyperform actions or activities even without a master.SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (STS) @ and technology + part of human activity since the beginning + aided us in survival - provided us comfortable lrving = allowed us to explore the world ~ Advancements in the fiskd expose us to previously unknown predicaments, enforcing Us to search for othor approaches, = “good spiritae + Gained by Greek philosopher (25-323 BC) Aristotle = doscribe the pinnacte of happiness that is attainable by humans. + “human flourishing” (iterature) |. likening humans to flowers achieving their full loom. Human flourishing (Artistotie} [from Nicomachean Ethics] = arises as a recult of dfforent components ‘such as phronesis, friendship, wealth, and power = acquiring these qualities will surely bring the seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion ofwhatwe callthe Good. {Ancient Greek society) - GOOD : greater notion Phronesis - ancient Greek word = type of widom or intaliganco - practical action, implying both gaod judgement and excellence of character cand habits + “practical virtue ~ As times change. elements that comprise human flourishing changed, —_which are subject tothe dynamie social history as written by humans. ~ Our concept of human flourishing today proves tebe different trom what Artetotie originally perceived then ~ Humans of today are expected ta become a “man of the world, ‘~ HUMANS. situate himself in a global neighborhaod, working side by side among Institufions and the government to be able to each a camman goal. ‘= Competition as a moans of survival has become passe / out o '~ Coardination: new trand fone momma Eastern civilization Greek Aristotelian view ion Focused on the individual Their concem is more on human flourishing esan END community cantric COMMUNITY: highest regard individual should saciiice himeatf for the sake of the society 4 apparentinthe Chinese Confucian system or the Japanese Bushido L. viewthe WHOLE on greater than their component — ‘Thinése and the Japanese: encourage studies of Iiterature, sciences, and art, ‘entirely for oneself but in service of a groator cause. —s Eudaimonia: ultimate good ‘A porsen who has achieved such stato ‘would want to serve the- community, but that is brought upon throvigh deliberation based on his values rathor than his boliot that the state is groator than him, land thus is enly appropriate that he should recognize Bae 2 higher erty worth of service. [Yung isang tao. ve-sa PINAPAHALA i es ang k such storeetypes cannot be said to be true given the current stance of globalization Imadern concept]‘and success contribute to our pool of human knowledge. ~ Human's perpetual neod to locate himsotf in the worid by finding proofs to trace evolution. fone of the most provatert themes) Human flourishing = dooply intortwined with goa! setting Felevant 1 science and technology Sclence and echnology [Link].a tool in achioving the former ‘or echoing Heidegger's statement \ technology isa human aciuily that wo excel inas.a result of achieving science. ~ End goals of both science and technology ‘and human flourishing are related. in that the ‘goed is inherernty related to the truth. The follawing are two concepts about science which ventures i claim on truth, ‘Science's reputation = stems from the objectivity brought upon by an arbitrary. rigid methodology __ whose very character absoivesit from any ‘accusation of prejudioe ‘Scientific method = presents a general idea of how to do 1. Observe and determine ifthere are unexplained oecurrences —_unfakiing. 2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved. 3. Through past knowledge of similar instance. formulate hypothesis that could explain the said phenomenon. Ideally, the = goal is to reject the null hypothasis and accepi the allemative Inypothesis for the study "to Count ‘Sgaiieani (can also be separated from additional stops such as “to genarats prodiction or “to infor from past experiments") 4. Conduct experiment —by setting up dependent and independent variables: affect dependent ones, Gather and analyze results. throughout {and upan culmination af the experiment, Examine ifthe data gathered are significant enough ta conclude results. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation jin case others would want to broaden the study. a discipline is sctence #t ean be confirmed or interpreted in the event of fn attemative hypothesis being accepted + Astatementorclaimis meaningful only it ican be verified or proven true through ‘empirical evidence or logical reasoning. - Forsomeling tobe amelie — meaningful or valid, there must be a way to-confirm or check its truth. Vienna Circle = movernent in the early 20th century = group of scholars = believed that anly thase which can be observed should be regarded as. ‘meaningful and react those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless: Falsification Theory - Along as an ideology is not proven to befalse and can best explain a phenomenon over altemative theories, we ‘should accept the said ideology + Encourages research in order to determine which among the ‘theories can 'stand the test of falsification = Karl Popper: known proponent af this view L Marx's Theory of Social History and Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalysis, aro Not testable and thus not falsifiable, and subsequantly questioning their status as sciontific. = Assclentific kdea — should be testable and have the poterial to be shown incorrect through observation ot experimentation,presented an altemative demarcation that explores the social dimension of science and effectively, technology. ~ New view perpetuates a dimension which generally benefits the society. Woned discussion notes that there ‘no such thing a8 @ singular scientific method. offering instead a variety of procedures that scientists can experiment with ta gat results and cll thom science, ~ Discoveries in physics, particularly in quantum mechanics, question the idea of objectivity leaning towards intersubjectivity as an alternative perspective. ~ Reminiscent of Paul Feyerabend’s( Howto Detend Society Against Science) sentiment. the student muses how the educational system can hone and preserve students’ capacity to entertain other options and decide for themselves the beat among ail presented, it will thus reinforce their imagination and allow some level of unorthodaxy. bringing forth novel discoveries that ctherwise would not be considered had they stuck to the default mathodology. ~ Innovations are brought forth by the visionaries, not the prude legalists, and several Tatable figures in science even consider themselves as outsiders. = one is reailyin pursuit of © — human flourishing it Would make sense for them to pureus it halistically. ‘Aristotle's eudaimonic - Aparson is required to be knowledgeable abaut science ‘True eudaemen - recagnizes that flourishing requires ane tm ‘excel in various dimensians, such a linguistic, Kinetic artistic, and socio-civi. Thus, he understands that he should nat ‘focus of one aapedt alone In 2000, world loaders signed it which targets eight concerns one of which states that they should be able to forgo & global partnership for development. primary goal to achieve growth for all ‘might prove to be fata! —_in the long runGeneration gap ‘due to changes brought about by technology ‘this gap is not something to be worried about tina challenge for people in the fold of sscionce and tachnology to make those ‘technological advancements more “Tar pooplo ‘order to know the possibility of human flourishing and to what extent itis possible ~ These changes wore brought about by tha interplay of different factors but ossenti \brought about by sciance and technolagy. paved way forthe invention of sevoral ‘developments. ~ Homo-erectus havo boon using fire to cook, ‘through chipping one flint over the other to produce a spark. all the while without realizing the laws of friction and heat: ~ Tools from stone and firits marked the ora of the Stone Age . during the advent of our very own Homo sapiens. and humans began to sharpon stones as one would a knifo; an example of te ie the simple machina called wedge . ‘Venus" figures miniature statues during Paleolithic period on Europe = afudimemary carving of a voluptuous Woman out-of irory oF stone. ~ Soon enough, people discovered minerals and began forging metalwork, ~ They realized that these substances are more durable, malleable, and have more luster than the previous material, ~ Fur clothing and animal skin: for comfort against harsh winds Exeavations on the later haif of the Stone Age ceremonial ‘may use the figures in honor of some deity ~ Primitive gods ; includes objects they ‘encounter through their day-to-day lives ~ Different tribas may have different gods DeltyigodsiGed (Retgion) ‘our ancestors also found the need to ‘explain things in a way that makes sense to them People's resort to make sense of events happening outside their control, Religion years age = Earliest case of man-made extinction = Possibly brought upon by hunting and territorial disputes Holcane extinction = ontinction or Anthropocens extinction = As early as between 100,000 t0 200.000 years up to the present = engoing extinction of several spocios - both flora and fauna-duo to human activity * People then had a new objective - gathor as much products as passibio. “WEALTH: © no of their goals as humans and lulimately a civikzations Nucloar community: selt-tufficiont has to acbommedate thelr growing population with ‘doploting resources, leading them to be roliant to ‘other communities’ produce which keeps them surviving, ~ Humanity’s primary goal: not merely to survive. but to tive lite. ~ Technology TmemOMental in all of these, ~ Dus to differing races. beef, or abundance of resources and/or territory, wars were always being waged, leading communities to allocate resources to the militia.[Early leaders - who pantrayed exceptional strength among their group Physical strength - Valued at most nent ~ Due to technology, lesser women and children die during birth, assuring robust population and sireng worklorce, = Medical care for premature infants allows. them to survive and develop narmally. while proper matemal care ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain ‘empowered. 2, Average Lifespan + Aside from the reason that people engage foes in combat and are less likely to is in treatable diseases now as opposed to thon. = Sctonce is able to protong lives by enhancing living status and discovering different remedies to most diseases. = Distribution of medicines is also made ‘easier and faster. 3, Literacy Rate + Ascoes to education provided t@ more inabeduals generally creates a more informed public that could determine a ‘more just society. 4. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) + Determine the value of the country’s ‘goods and services produced within the territory given a certain time period. = Higher country incoma is brought upon by high productivity, often an indicator of presence of technalagy. = come a lang way from our primitive ways - General rule: we are more "developed than we were before. ‘~Modem humans are [Link] technology in their search for the good life View of wchnotogy ‘goal-oriented = instrumental in achieving a goal in mind, that itis @ purposeful, deliberate craft humans steer in order to reach some greater goad [ Advent of postmodemiam Botorministic view appended to technology crumbled as people bogan to ‘question if anything ix deterministic at all - Deterministic view : philosophical view that events are completely detormined by previously existing causes Martin Heidegger + Philosopher + Technology's essence, or purpose, and being are different from each other. ~ Technology can either be perceived as ‘first, a moans te achieve man's end ancl second, that which constitutes human activity. ~ Fe perspective = paints tachnalogy in such @ way that each period reveals a particular character regarding man's. boing Characteristic design = ow" - — Uitfolds based on the repercussions: brought upon by immersing ourselves. with a piece of naw tachnology. Good life - practical in essence = life which makes use af ourlabor and which we got compensated faitly upon ~ Danger of technology — : too much rekance on ‘technology ~ Humans lose track of things that matter, reducing their surroundings to thelr economic value. lee a eee a rogardloss of fs ramifications. Allin all the human condition improved, only i by impraving we measure the level of comfort. various scientific breakthroughs, and improved Hestyles of those who had the luxury ‘0 afford to do 50. ~Alotof people stl — subsenbe to religion in explaining things that they do nat know. For those who have ceased to do-so. they have tumed thoie To reverence of scionce ~ It soems that the human condition, although mora sophisticated. is nothing but a rehashed version of its former self. Nothing much has changed since then, and it appears that nathing‘our view elsewhera, Aristotle's conception of human flourishing ‘entortains tho idea of holistic enrichment ‘of @ porson situated in his society notable distinction — ; his subscription on evaluative concepts called virtues and their role in achieving the good life ving a good and futfilling lite being the best version of oneself and achieving one’s full potentialhappiness has to de with the soul Soul ‘seat of our humanity, has been the focus ‘of attention Happiness + became a centerpiece in the lives of people (17 = century) Selence and technology forefront of man's attempts at finding happiness. ‘one of the highest expressions of human facuttios allow Us to thrive and flourish. the need to understand the world _and was Bound with the need to rdihe ell ond be Me. ‘Before “sclence* has Been Plato + tank of understanding the things in the: ‘world runs parallel with the jab of truty getting into what wil make the soul flourish in an attempt to understand reality and the extemal world, man must seek tO understand himsek 100 Aristotte - gave a definitive distinction between the: theoretical and practical sciences = theoretical disciplines: logic, biology, physics, and mataphysics practical ones: ethics and politics “wuth” :aimofthe theoretical sciences “geed": end goal ofthe practical anes 1* philosopher who approached the problem of reality fram a “scientific’ tens = 1" dabbled into the cempiox prablematization of the end goal o life happiness: + this world is all there is to it and that this ‘world is the only reality we can all access, + things in this world are not real and are only copies of the real in the world of forms. + change is 80 perplexing that itcan only make sense if there are two realities: the world of forms and the workd of matter. - recognized change asa process and as Phenomenon that happens in the world and is constant. - aims that despite the reality of change, things remain. and they ratain their ‘Glimate whatness' [that you remain to be you despite the pimple that naw sits atop your nose. + REALITY: full of these seemingly contrasting manifestations ef change and permanence 2 Aspects Of Reality 1. World of matter + things are changing and impermanent 2. World of forms + entities are only copies of the idoal and the models. and the forms are the only Foal entities. Things are real in this world because they participate in what it means to be real in the world of forms. Aristotle - tdisagroed with his teacher's position [Plato] + farwardad the iiea that there is no reality over and above what the senses can poresive + declares that even human beings are potentialities who agpire for their actuality. + Every human being moves according to some end + Evory action that emanates / originate ‘from a human person is a function of the [purpose ( tofos ) that the person has = Eyary Riman person aspires for an. end. + HAPPINESS is tho be alland end all of ‘everything that we do - HUMAN FLOURISHING: a kind of ‘contentment in knowing that one i ‘getting the best out of fe - HUMAN FLOURISHING: a kind of feoling that one has maxed out his PPotentiats in the world, that he has attained the crux of this humanity.~ Only by observation of the extemal world that ‘one can truly understand what realty all is about, Change + process that is inherant in things ~ HAPPINESS isthebealland ond ail of ‘everything that we do, ~ Along with all cther entitios in the world, start as Potentalites and move toward actualities which ‘entails CHANGE, jor a seed that events id grows inta a ern nates at tured to ago = from the potential plant that is the meant to lead us to the good and happy te. ~ Man has constantly straggled with the external ‘world in order to reach human flourishing. ~ History has given birth te different schools of thought. all of which aim for the good and happy life. fmt jeclared the Greatest Happiness. Principle _by saying thal ‘an achonTs right Gs far as @maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greaies! number of people.” (18% century) ~ individual happiness of each individual should be prioritized and collectively dictates the kind of action that should be endorsed, ‘Atomist (Ancient Greece) +1" materialits Democritus and Leucippus = ted a-school whose primary botiof is that the world ie made up of and is controlled bby the tity Indivisibfe unite inthe world called atomos or seeds = tho World, including human beings. is ‘made up of matter. = Atomos simply comes together randomly to form the things in the world. ‘only material entities matter. [lvterms-cf human flourlahing matter fs what makes us aflain happiness + the ond goal of ife ia acquiring pleasure. + PLEASURE: © priority fifo is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because ite is sited, "Eat, drink, anc be merry for tomorrow we di = 6085 not buy any notion of after just tke the materialists - Led by Epleurus =e... + [Link] happiness, ane must lea to distance anaself and be apathetic. + APTHEIA: indifferent + happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy _ - Adopt the fact that same things are nat within our control. The saoner we realize this, the happlor we can became. FR so mennavient lives using God as a fulenum of their existence. - Philippines: predominantly Catholic Country 77? witness to haw people base their fe goals on beliefs. that hinged on some form of supernatural called heaven, : ‘he ultimate bases of happiness for theists is the communion with God. ~The world where we are in is only just a temparary realty where we have to maneuver around while waiting tor the ullimale return to the hands of God = Espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackios of a God that monitors and contro + maria itecally the captain of Bis own, ship. - — Inspired by the enlightenment in 17° ® century, they see themesives not merely as stewards of he creation but as individuals who are in control of themselves _ and the world outsiae them, « Bpivof moet eontists wha thought that the world is @ place and space for freelyul iq the world in seeking for ways ‘on how to improve the lives of its inhabitants. Social media - avery effective way of employing technology in purging time and space. ~ Technology allowed us to tinker with our sexuality. ~ Biologically male individuals can now undergo medical operations if they so wish for sexual reassignmont. ~ Breast implants are now available and can be done with relative convenience if anyone wishes to have one. Hormones may also be injected in order to alter the sexual chemicals in the body. ~ Whether or not we agree with these technological advancements, these are all undertaken in the hapes of attaining the good life. The bolence ,however. between the good life. ethics, and technology has to be attained.Human Conditions Before and During the Common Era Human Conditions Before the Common Era During the Common Era Mortality Rate Average Life ‘Span Infectious diseases had already been occurring ever since before the common era—from diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, Influenza, smallpox, cholera, plague, measles, and flu arose, As much as people back then wanted to use available materials to eradicate these diseases, the availability of resources is limited for possible treatment—thus Increasing the mortality rate. Athens, for instance, lost % of its Population in 430 BC because of a pandemic; the plague in Egypt in 541 AD that killed the 26% of the world population; the leprosy in 11" century that killed thousands of people and Is still killing people if not treated with antibiotics; and the Black Death that killed one-third of the world population in 1350. These are some of the manifestations that even though people had the need to treat these diseases, the lack of materials still made them vulnerable. According to the studies of Caleb Finch, the average life spans in ancient Greek and Roman times is. short at approximately of 20 to 35 years only. But not cases were like this, as documents presented that Socrates and Plato lived up to 70 and 60 years old, respectively. There were also People that lived well into their hundreds, but of course, they Today, cardiovascular illnesses, respiratory diseases, and cancers are the leading causes of deaths in the world. But unlike before, the extension of the patient's life and circumvention of the addition In the death toll is already possible, leading to the decrease of mortality rate. This ls primarily because of the Invention of — diagnostics, medical gadgets, treatments, and prescription medications in the healthcare delivery system that will help ease the effect of the disease, or completely eradicating them. In addition, our generation already have different technologies for the assurance of safe food and drinking water—that will help to prevent kinds of morbidity. And as science and technology continues to develop, with the aid of our researchers, scientists, and modem innovators, there are much More to discover and devise for the improvement of quality of life of the people. As human beings began developing in field of agriculture, civilizations, medicine, and more sophisticated technologies— and so did human average life span increased and even growing steadily over the years. In fact, the average life span between 1600 and 2000 rose from a global average ofLiteracy Rate Gross Domestic were extremely rare. During that time, their life spans were cut short if not by natural causes and war, but were primarily because of the poor hygiene and nutrition, communicable diseases, accidents, fighting, and less advanced medicine. Furthermore, given their = dismal_—_itiving conditions, which Included a lack of plumbing, sewage systems, and the use of tainted water, this was a huge issue. These were not dealt adequately, resulting in disease breakouts, and reducing People’s life span. The earliest form of ‘communication was traced back 3,500-3,000 BCE, where only few people knew how to read and write. That condition remained for centuries, mainly because of a very limited technology. The use of the available technologies back then is only restricted, almost utilized only by people with Power. After several thousand years, during the Middle Ages, book manufacturing began to increase not in Europe, but also to Middle East and several Asian nations. These books were expensive and rare, not until the printing press was invented. From this point forward, literacy among the general populace began to become increasingly significant. In 1964, the Philippines gross domestic product at current about 30 years to 67 years old, and 75 years old to some countries, This is according to James Riley, and he further stated that this development was called the “health transition”. This was all credited to our modem technologies that continually improving different sectors most especially the health care delivery system. Through these science and technology innovations, society could already treat and fight fatal diseases, as well as promote Preventive medicine through Proper hygiene and sanitation, access to immunizations, assurance to clean running water, and proper food and nutrition. In the last centuries, literacy levels for the world population have risen drastically. In 1800, just 12% of the world's Population could read and write; now, only 14% of the world's population is liliterate. The literacy rate trend over the last 65 years significantly increased by 4% every 5 years = from 42% in 1960 to 86% In 2015. Despite significant Progress in expanding basic education and reducing educational disparities, there remain significant difficulties ahead. Even in the poorest nations, where basic education is most likely to constitute a stumbling block to growth, huge portions of the population still lack access to it. For the last 5 years, the gross domestic product of theProduct prices totaled P5446 billion, up 43 percent from P3484 billion in 1963. However, according to United Nations National Accounts Statistics, the gross domestic output fell by 5% to P95,498 billion in constant prices in 1972, compared to P100,067 billion in 1983. The Philippines gross domestic product was the worst in the Southeast Asia region. This is aside from the fact that the Philippines has poor intemal policies exacerbated by rising political turmoil, the country also lack digital and technological economy that constitutes to the 15.5 percent of global GDP_ Limited access for technology back then marked a very big loss to the economy; for the digital Industry and technology-enabled Industries make —s important contributions to economic growth. Philippines has been fluctuating. In 2017, the country’s GDP growth rate was 6.93%, a 0.22% decline from 2016; 6.34% growth rate for 2018, a 0.59% decline from 2017; 6.12% growth rate for 2019, a 0.22% decline from 2016; and 9.57% for 2020, a 15.69% decline from 2019. Today, in 2021, GDP grows 11.6% in Q2 2021, but economists say recovery not yet here. The eventual increase of the economic growth can be credited to the development of the different aspects of the economy. The services sector accounts the largest contribution in the Philippine GDP. This includes Manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail trade, and tepair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. And all of these are impossible without the Innovation of technology; may that be the raw materials used, the machineries used, and even the training of employed personnel.