Full Stack .
NET Developer Interview Questions 2025
C# Fundamentals (20)
Q: What is C#?
A: A modern, object-oriented programming language by Microsoft.
Q: Explain CLR.
A: Common Language Runtime manages code execution.
Q: What is JIT?
A: Just-In-Time compiler converts IL to native code.
Q: What is boxing?
A: Converting value type to object type.
Q: What is unboxing?
A: Extracting value type from object.
Q: Explain nullable types.
A: Types that can hold null values.
Q: What is async/await?
A: Keywords for asynchronous programming.
Q: What is a delegate?
A: Type-safe function pointer.
Q: What is an event?
A: Notification mechanism using delegates.
Q: Explain properties.
A: Class members to encapsulate fields.
Q: What is inheritance?
A: Deriving a class from another.
Q: What is polymorphism?
A: Ability to take multiple forms.
Q: What is encapsulation?
A: Hiding internal details of a class.
Q: What is abstraction?
A: Hiding implementation details.
Q: What is interface?
A: Contract with no implementation.
Q: What is abstract class?
A: Class with abstract methods.
Q: Explain sealed class.
A: Class that cannot be inherited.
Q: What is static class?
A: Class with only static members.
Q: What is extension method?
A: Adds methods to existing types.
Q: What is LINQ?
A: Language Integrated Query for data.
[Link] Core & MVC (20)
Q: What is [Link] Core?
A: Cross-platform framework for web apps.
Q: Explain middleware.
A: Components that handle requests/responses.
Q: What is MVC?
A: Model-View-Controller design pattern.
Q: What is Razor?
A: Syntax for embedding C# in HTML.
Q: Explain ViewBag.
A: Dynamic object for passing data to view.
Q: Explain ViewData.
A: Dictionary for passing data to view.
Q: Explain TempData.
A: Stores data for one request.
Q: What is TagHelper?
A: Server-side code in Razor views.
Q: What is routing?
A: Mapping URLs to actions.
Q: Explain attribute routing.
A: Define routes using attributes.
Q: What is dependency injection?
A: Technique to achieve loose coupling.
Q: What is [Link]?
A: Configures services and middleware.
Q: Explain filters.
A: Logic before/after action execution.
Q: What is action result?
A: Return type of controller actions.
Q: Explain partial view.
A: Reusable view component.
Q: What is layout view?
A: Defines common structure for views.
Q: Explain model binding.
A: Maps request data to action parameters.
Q: What is validation?
A: Ensures data correctness.
Q: Explain session state.
A: Stores user data across requests.
Q: What is caching?
A: Stores data for faster access.
Web API & Security (15)
Q: What is Web API?
A: Framework for building HTTP services.
Q: Explain REST.
A: Architectural style using HTTP.
Q: What is JSON?
A: Lightweight data format.
Q: Explain JWT.
A: JSON Web Token for authentication.
Q: What is OAuth?
A: Authorization framework.
Q: Explain HTTPS.
A: Secure HTTP using SSL/TLS.
Q: What is CORS?
A: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.
Q: Explain API versioning.
A: Managing multiple API versions.
Q: What is throttling?
A: Limiting API requests.
Q: Explain rate limiting.
A: Restricting request frequency.
Q: What is HMAC?
A: Hash-based message authentication.
Q: Explain CSRF.
A: Cross-Site Request Forgery attack.
Q: What is XSS?
A: Cross-Site Scripting attack.
Q: Explain basic auth.
A: Simple username/password authentication.
Q: What is bearer token?
A: Token-based authentication method.
Entity Framework & Database (15)
Q: What is EF Core?
A: ORM for .NET Core.
Q: Explain DbContext.
A: Primary class for EF operations.
Q: What is migration?
A: Updating database schema.
Q: Explain LINQ to Entities.
A: Querying database using LINQ.
Q: What is eager loading?
A: Load related data immediately.
Q: What is lazy loading?
A: Load related data on demand.
Q: Explain explicit loading.
A: Manually load related data.
Q: What is Code First?
A: Define model classes first.
Q: What is Database First?
A: Generate models from database.
Q: Explain concurrency.
A: Handling simultaneous data updates.
Q: What is transaction?
A: Atomic unit of work.
Q: Explain stored procedure.
A: Precompiled SQL statements.
Q: What is indexing?
A: Improves query performance.
Q: Explain normalization.
A: Organizing data to reduce redundancy.
Q: What is denormalization?
A: Combining tables for performance.
Front-End (10)
Q: What is HTML?
A: Markup language for web pages.
Q: Explain CSS.
A: Styles for HTML elements.
Q: What is JavaScript?
A: Language for client-side scripting.
Q: Explain DOM.
A: Document Object Model.
Q: What is AJAX?
A: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
Q: Explain responsive design.
A: Adapts layout to screen size.
Q: What is Blazor?
A: Framework for C# in browser.
Q: Explain SPA.
A: Single Page Application.
Q: What is TypeScript?
A: Superset of JavaScript.
Q: Explain WebAssembly.
A: Binary format for web apps.
Azure & Cloud Integration (10)
Q: What is Azure?
A: Microsoft cloud platform.
Q: Explain App Service.
A: Platform for hosting web apps.
Q: What is Azure Functions?
A: Serverless compute service.
Q: Explain Blob Storage.
A: Stores unstructured data.
Q: What is Azure SQL?
A: Managed SQL database.
Q: Explain Key Vault.
A: Securely store secrets.
Q: What is Azure DevOps?
A: Tools for CI/CD.
Q: Explain Service Bus.
A: Messaging between apps.
Q: What is CDN?
A: Content Delivery Network.
Q: Explain scaling.
A: Adjust resources based on demand.
System Design & Architecture (10)
Q: What is microservices?
A: Architecture of small services.
Q: Explain monolith.
A: Single-tiered application.
Q: What is load balancing?
A: Distribute traffic across servers.
Q: Explain caching strategy.
A: Improve performance using cache.
Q: What is CQRS?
A: Command Query Responsibility Segregation.
Q: Explain event sourcing.
A: Store state as events.
Q: What is API Gateway?
A: Entry point for APIs.
Q: Explain design patterns.
A: Reusable solutions to problems.
Q: What is SOLID?
A: Five principles of OOP design.
Q: Explain scalability.
A: Ability to handle growth.