lll

The provided bar chart illustshares the amount of money spent by international
consumers on Games software, DVDs or videos and CDs over a four-year
period, commencing in 2000.

Overall, it is cleatly seen that CDs were the most popular products, followed by
DVDs or videos and Games software. Furthermore, sales of CDs experienced a
downward trend, the reserve was true for DVDs or videos and Games software.

In 2000, the expenditure on CDs were the highest point of about 35 billion
dollars, followed by 18 billion dollars for DVDs or videos and 12 billion dollars
for Games software. Over the following two years, sales of CDs saw a steady
decline, at 32 billion dollars, while DVDs or videos and Games software
witnessed a signifiant increase to 28 and 18 billion dollars, respectively.

In 2003, the sales figure of CDs remained constant at this level. This was still
slightly higher than sales of DVDs/videos, which peaked at 30 billion dollars in
2003. Meanwhile, games software sales also rose again, finishing at 19 billion
dollars.
( Chưa ổn )

The provided bar chart depicts expenditure by 18-20 year olds on five different
categories between 2010 and 2014, with the given figure in millions
Overall, it is clearly seen that spending on Smartphones reported a significant
increase, while spending for Books experienced a considerable decline.
Furthermore, Food expenditure accounted for a dominant number in both years.
In 2010, spending for Food stood at approximately 3700 million, while that of
Smartphones was 2000 million. By 2014, Food expenditure had risen to 4300
million, showing a significant increase of 600 million. Smartphones spending,
meanwhile, skyrocketed to roughly 2800 million, representing the highest
growth over the period.
Regarding the remaining categories, Clothes, Toiletries and Books registered
different trend patterns, with Clothes expenditure reaching a point of about 2000
million, followed by around 1900 million for that of Toiletries and a modest
number for Books spending, only at 1000 million. By 2014, spending on Books
had plunged to 500 million, marking the largest absolute decrease of 500
million, while Clothes remained an unchanged number from 2010 and Toiletries
experienced a gradual increase of 100 million.

Nâng cấp :

The provided bar chart compares expenditure by 18-20 year olds on five
different product categories between 2010 and 2014, with the given figures in
millions.

Overall, spending patterns showed a mixed trend over the four-year period, with
Smartphones experiencing the largest increase, while spending on Books
showed a dramatic decline. Notably, Food remained the dominant expenditure
category in both years. Furthermore, the total amount of money spent in 2014
was higher than in 2010.

In 2010, the total money spent on Food and Smartphones stood at roughly 3700
million and 2000 million, respectively. By 2014, expenditure on Food had risen
to approximately 4200 million, showing a significant increase of 500 million.
Spending on Smartphones, meanwhile, skyrocketed to 2700 million, marking
the most significant expenditure growth in the bar graph.

Regarding the remaining categories, Clothes, Toiletries and Books reported

different trend patterns. The amount of money spent on Clothes was around
2500 million, followed by around 1900 million for Toiletries and only 1000
million for Books in 2010. By 2014, the spending on Books had plunged to 500
million, representing the largest significant decrease over the period, whereas
expenditure on Clothes remained quite stable. At the same time, spending on
Toiletries registered a modest growth to 2000 million.
The provided bar chart illustshares the proportion of Internet usage by four
different cohorts in Taiwan over a three-year period, commencing in 1998

Overall, it is clearly seen that the percentage of Internet users varied

significantly across different age groups. While the Internet usage among under-
15 age group and 50-plus age group showed an upward trend throughout the
period, the figures for those age 16-30 and 31-50 age group showed a downward
trend. In addition, the 16-30 age group consistently accounted for the highest
share over the three-year period.

Looking at two dominant cohorts, in 1998, the figure for the 16-30 age group
accounted for just over half of Internet users in Taiwan (approximately 53
percent), compared to around 40 percent for the 31-50 age group. Over the
following two years, the younger group’s figures experienced a gradual decline,
reaching about 44 percent in 2000, while the 31-50 age group witnessed a
similar decrease to about 38 percent.
Regarding the remaining cohorts, the figures for under 15 years old and 50 or
above stood at around 2 percent and roughly 4 percent, respectively, in 1998. By
2000, the under-15 age group registered a significant increase to approximately
9 percent, marking the largest growth over the period. The 50 or above,
meanwhile, modestly climbed to 10 percent.

Nâng cấp :

The bar chart compares the proportion of Internet users in Taiwan across four
age cohorts between 1998 and 2000.

Overall, there was a clear divergence ( phân kỳ ) in usage patterns between

younger/middle-aged adults and the youngest/oldest cohorts, with the former
groups showing a downward tendency and the latter exhibiting growth over the
period. The 16–30 cohort remained the largest user group throughout.

In detail, the 16–30 age group consistently had the highest share of Internet
users, although its proportion gradually declined from just above half to the
mid-forties by 2000. Likewise, the 31–50 cohort experienced a steady
reduction, falling from around two-fifths to the high thirties. These two adult
groups dominated the market in 1998 but their combined dominance diminished
slightly as the period progressed, indicating a modest redistribution of users
across other age bands.

By contrast, the youngest (under 15) and oldest (50 and over) groups displayed
notable increases, although they remained the smallest segments overall. The
under-15 group rose markedly from a very low base, representing the largest
relative increase among all cohorts, while the 50-plus group more than doubled
its share, reflecting expanding access and adoption among older people.
Consequently, although adults still comprised the majority of users, the data
suggest an emerging broadening of the Internet user base across age groups by
2000.

50 or more = 50 or above = 50-plus age group = the oldest group = 50 and over
The provided bar chart illustshares the proportion of Internet usage by four
different cohorts in Taiwan over a three-year period, commencing in 1998.

Overall, the percentage of Internet users varied significantly across four

demographics. While the share of Internet users among the under-15 and 50-plus
cohorts showed an upward trend, the proportions of those aged 16-30 and 31-50
went in the opposite direction. In addition, the 16-30 age bracket consistently
accounted for the highest share, whereas the youngest demographic witnessed
the lowest percentage throughout the timeframe.

Overall, the percentage of internet users varied significantly across four

demographics. While the share of Internet users among under-15 and 50-plus
age categories showed an upward trend, the proportion of those aged 16-30 and
30-50 went in the opposite direction. In addition, the 16-30 age backet
consistently accounted for the highest share, whereas the youngest demographic
witnessed the lowest percentage throughout the timeframe

Looking at the two dominant cohorts, the figure for users aged 16-30 accounted
for just over half of Internet users in Taiwan (approximately 53 percent), in
comparison with roughly 40 percent for the 31-50 age group. Over the
following two years, the former’s figure experienced a gradual decline to around
45 percent, while the latter witnessed a similar decrease to approximately 37
percent.

Regarding the remaining categories, the figures for the under-15 and 50-plus age
groups stood at about 2 percent and 4 percent respectively in the starting year of
the period. By 2000, the under-15 age group had risen to a peak of 9 percent,
marking the largest growth over the period. Meanwhile, the percentage of users
aged 50 and older modestly climbed to 10 percent.

Age group = age bracket = age category = demographic = cohort = those aged X
to Y
Diễn dạt cho nhóm tuổi nhỏ nhất: The youngest,
Diễn dạt cho nhóm tuổi cao nhất: The oldest,
The figure = that of = those of ( Body) – the former – the latter
Account for = make up
Người dùng Internet : Internet penetration( độ thâm nhập) = internet user
In comparison with = compared to = as opposed to
Throughout: xuyên suốt
Period = timeframe
 Over the period / the timeframe
Throughout the timeframe
 Across the surveyed timeframe
 In the given three-year period

The provided bar chart depicts the changing demographic profile of Internet
users across four different age brackets in Taiwan over a three-year period
starting from 1998.

Overall, the percentage of Internet users varied significantly across the four
cohorts. While the under-15 and 50-plus age groups showed an upward trend,
the figures for those aged 16-30 and 31-50 experienced a decline. Furthermore,
despite a steady decrease, the 16-30 age category consistently accounted for the
highest share, whereas the youngest demographic recorded the lowest
percentage throughout the timeframe.

Regarding the two dominant cohorts, the 16-30 age bracket initially accounted
for just over half of all Internet users in Taiwan (approximately 53 percent),
compared to roughly 40 percent for adults aged 31-50. Over the subsequent two
years, the figure for the former experienced a gradual decline to around 45
percent, while the latter registered a steady decrease to nearly 37 percent.
Conversely, the remaining categories began the period as marginal user bases,
standing at approximately 2 percent and 4 percent for the under-15 and 50-plus
age groups, respectively. Over the following two years, the youngest cohort
experienced a more than fourfold increase, culminating at 9 percent, while the
proportion of older users (50+) climbed modestly to reach a similar level of 10
percent.

Age group = age bracket = age category = demographic = cohort = those aged X
to Y

Culminating at : đạt đỉnh tại bao nhiêu

Reported = recorded = registered

Changing demographic profile : bức tranh toàn cảnh về sự thay đổi cơ cấu dân
số
The provided bar charts illustrate the percentage of energy production by four
different categories in 1995 and 2005.
Overall, the proportion of Petrol recorded a downward trend, while the share of
Gas, Coal, Nuclear and Other showed an increase. Furthermore, Gas and Coal
consistently accounted for the highest share, whereas energy made by Other
took up lowest percentage throughout the timeframe.
Regarding the three primary sources in 1995, Coal, Gas, and Petrol each
accounted for nearly a third of the total energy production (approximately
30percent). Over the following decade, Coal, which was the largest source in
1995, had increased slightly to 30.93 percent, while Gas following by a similar
upward trajectory, had risen to 30.31 percent. Meanwhile, Petrol plunged to
19.55 percent, representing the largest decline over the period.

Looking at the remaining two categories, the proportion of Nuclear and Other
accounted for 6.40 and 4.90 percent, respectively. Over the subsequent decade,
the former recorded a considerable rise to 10.10 percent, while the figure for the
latter reported an almost twofold increase, culminating at 9.10 percent.
The provided pie charts compare the proportion of energy generated from five
different sources in France in 1995 and 2005.
Overall, it is clearly seen that the proportion of energy generated from petrol
decreased, whereas the figures for the remaining sources experienced an upward
trend. Furthermore, gas and coal remained the most significant sources of energy
in both years, whereas other sources consistently constituted the lowest
percentage.
In 1995, the vast majority of energy was generated from coal, gas, and petrol,
with their shares being quite similar at just under a third each (29.80percent,
29.63percent, and 29.27percent respectively). Over the following decade, the
figure for coal went up insignificantly to 30.93percent, maintaining its position
as the primary source, while gas followed a similar upward trajectory, rising to
30.31percent. Meanwhile, the proportion of petrol witnessed a considerable
decline, plunging by nearly 10 percentage points to 19.55percent.
Looking at the remaining categories in 1995, nuclear power and other sources
comprised merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent of the total energy, respectively.
Over the subsequent decade, the former saw a considerable rise to 10.10percent,
and the figure for the latter almost doubled, culminating at 9.10percent.

The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated from five
different sources in France in 1995 and 2005.

Overall, the proportion of energy generated from petrol experienced a decrease,

whereas the figures for the remaining sources showed an upward trend.
Furthermore, gas and coal remained the most significant sources of energy,
while other sources consistently accounted for the smallest percentage.

In 1995, the vast majority of energy was generated from gas, coal and petrol,
with their shares being quite similar at just under a third each (29.80percent,
29.63percent, and 29.27percent respectively). Over the subsequent decade, the
figure for coal went up marginally to 30.93percent, maintaining its position as
the primary source, while gas followed a similar upward trajectory, rising to
30.31percent. Meanwhile, the proportion of petrol registered a considerable
decline, plunging by nearly 10 percentage points to 19.55percent.

Regarding the remaining categories in 1995, nuclear power and other sources
constituted merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent of the total energy, respectively.
Over the 10-year period, the former saw a significant increase to 10.10percent,
and the percentage for the latter recorded an almost twofold increase,
culminating at 9.10percent.
"The amount of energy produced by...", "Petrol's contribution to the total
energy...", hoặc "The reliance on coal...".

The provided pie charts illustrate the proportions of residential water

consumption across five different catehories in 1988 and 2008.

Overall, while the percentages for the kitchen and bathroom rose bettween 1988
and 2008, the other three categories declined. Notably, washing was the primary
source of water use in 1988, whereas the kitchen became the dominant
comsumer and garden use accounted for the smallest share by 2008.
Looking at the areas that saw an upward trend, water usage in the kitchen
experienced the most dramatic change, nearly doubling from 15percent in 1988
to a peak of 29percent in 2008. Similarly, the proportion of water allocated to
bathrooms also grew, rising moderately from 22percent to 28percent over the
same timeframe.
Conversely, the share of water used for the garden witnessed a steep drop. It
constituted exactly a fifth (20percent) of total residential water use in 1988, but
this figure plummeted to a mere 7percent two decades later. The percentages for
washing and toilets followed a similar, albeit less pronounced, downward
trajectory. Washing, which was the highest category in 1988 at 25percent,
fell slightly to 22percent, making it the second-largest use by 2008 behind
the kitchen. Meanwhile, water consumption for toilets decreased from
18percent to 14percent, leaving it as the second-lowest category in 2008
ahead of the garden.

Nguyễn Hữu Bằng

Nguyễn Hữu Bằng

Parallel trajectory : quỹ đạo tương tự = similar trajectory.

All three demographic groups experienced a initial growth in comsumption

levels, peaking in 2006, before declining by the end of the period.

 Overall, all three demographic groups experienced an initial increase

in consumption levels, peaking in 2006, before declining by the end of
the period.
 The bar chart illustrates the proportion of males, females, and children in
the UK who met the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables
across three separate years: 2002, 2006, and 2010.
Perfect!!!!!!!!!!!!
The provided pie charts compare the proportions of residential water
consumption across five different categories in the years 1988 and 2008.
Overall, it is clear that while the percentages for the kitchen and bathroom
rose between 1988 and 2008, the other three categories declined. Notably,
washing was the primary source of water use in 1988, whereas the kitchen
became the dominant consumer and garden use accounted for the smallest
share by 2008.
Looking at the areas that saw an upward trend, water usage in the kitchen
experienced the most dramatic change, nearly doubling from 15percent in 1988
to a peak of 29percent in 2008. Similarly, the proportion of water allocated to
bathrooms also grew, rising moderately from 22percent to 28percent over the
same timeframe.
Conversely, the share of water used for the garden witnessed a steep drop. It
constituted exactly a fifth (20percent) of total residential water use in 1988, but
this figure plummeted to a mere 7percent two decades later. The percentages for
washing and toilets followed a similar, albeit less pronounced, downward
trajectory. Washing, which was the highest category in 1988 at 25percent,
fell slightly to 22percent, making it the third-largest use by 2008 behind the
kitchen and bathroom. Meanwhile, water consumption for toilets decreased
from 18percent to 14percent, leaving it as the second-lowest category in
2008 ahead of the garden.

he pie charts compare residential water consumption across five categories

in 1988 and 2008.

Overall, there was a noticeable shift in the pattern of household water use,
with the kitchen and bathroom claiming larger proportions by 2008 while
the remaining categories declined. Significant redistribution occurred such
that one category emerged as the largest consumer by the end of the period
and another became the smallest.

The most prominent increases occurred in kitchen and bathroom use.

Kitchen consumption rose substantially, becoming the single largest
category in 2008, while bathroom use also recorded a clear upward trend.
These gains indicate a reallocation of domestic water towards food
preparation and personal hygiene activities. Together, these two categories
accounted for a markedly greater share of residential water use in 2008
than they did twenty years earlier, reflecting changing household priorities
or practices.

By contrast, water use for gardening, washing, and toilets declined. Garden
use in particular experienced a sharp reduction, falling to the smallest
proportion by 2008. Washing, which had been one of the largest categories
in 1988, decreased moderately and was overtaken by the kitchen. Toilet-
related consumption also dipped modestly, leaving it among the lower-
ranked categories in 2008. These decreases emphasize an overall
redistribution away from outdoor and laundry-related uses toward indoor
food-preparation and bathing activities.
The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated from five
different sources in France in 1995 and 2005.

Overall, while the figure for petrol experienced a decline, the percentages of the
other four sources increased. Notably, the amount of energy generated from gas
and coal sources consistently was the largest share, and other sources remained a
minimal percentage.

In 1995, the vast majority of energy was generated from gas, coal and petrol,
with their shares being quite similar at just under a third each (29.80percent,
29.63percent and 29.27percent respectively). Over the following decade, the
figure for coal went up marginally to 30.93percent, maintaining its position as
the primary source, while gas followed a similar upward trajectory, rising
slightly to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the proportion of petrol witnessed the most
dramatic change, plunging by approximately 10 percentage points to
19.55percent, marking the largest decrease over the timeframe.

Regarding the remaining categories in 1995, the shares of nuclear power and
other sources constituted merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent, respectively. Over
the subsequent decade, the former showed considerable growth to 10.10percent,
and the percentage for the latter registered an almost twofold increase,
culminating at 9.10percent.
Nâng cấp

The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated across five
different sources in France in two years 1995 and 2005.

Generated from = derived from : có nguồn gốc từ

in 1995 and 2005 = across two years: 1995 and 2005

Overall, while the figure for petrol experienced a decline, the percentages of the
other four sources increased. Notably, the amount of energy generated from gas
and coal sources consistently was the largest share, and other sources remained a
minimal percentage.

Gộp Petrol, Gas, Coal thành “ fossil fuels” : nhiên liệu hoá thạch
Overall, while fossil fuels consistently formed the backbone of France’s energy
production over the period, there was a noticeable shift away from petrol
towards alternative sources, particularly nuclear power.
- "fossil fuels" (nhiên liệu hóa thạch): Gom nhóm khéo léo Gas, Coal, Petrol.

- "formed the backbone": Trở thành trụ cột (thay cho "the largest share").

- "a noticeable shift away from A towards B": Sự dịch chuyển rõ rệt từ A sang
B. Đây là cấu trúc ăn điểm tuyệt đối khi miêu tả sự thay đổi cơ cấu trong biểu đồ
tròn.

Tính  Danh  Động  Trạng

the vast majority of energy was generated from gas, coal and petrol = fossil fuels
collectively dominated the energy sector, comprising nearly 90percent of the
total output.
collectively dominated : thống trị về mặt tổng thể
[Đối tượng] + comprise + [số liệu] / [tỷ trọng]...
energy sector : ngành năng lượng
Dominated (Động từ quá khứ): Có nghĩa là thống trị, áp đảo, chiếm ưu thế
tuyệt đối.
In 1995, the vast majority of energy was generated from gas, coal and petrol,
with their shares being quite similar ( contributed almost equally )at just under a
third each (29.80percent, 29.63percent and 29.27percent respectively). Over the
following decade, the figure for coal went up marginally to 30.93percent,
maintaining its position as the primary source, while gas followed a similar
upward trajectory, rising slightly to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the proportion of
petrol witnessed the most dramatic change, plunging by approximately 10
percentage points to 19.55percent, it was largely offset by the expansions seen
in nuclear power and other alternative sources."
Offset ( ngoại động từ ) + by : Bù đắp bởi
The proportion of petrol = the reliance on petrol
The proportion of petrol showed an upward trend
The reliance on petrol saw an upward trend
the expansions seen in... : những sự tăng trưởng ghi nhận ở …
expansions witnessed in = expansion recorded in
expansion: mở rộng

( Chữa bài )
In 1995, fossil fuels//-namely coal, gas, and petrol-, , which consist of coal,
gas, and petrol, //collectively dominated the energy sector, comprising nearly
90percent of the total output, with their shares contributing almost equally at just
under a third each (29.80percent, 29.63percent and 29.27percent respectively).
Over the subsequent decade, the figure for coal went up marginally to
30.93percent, maintaining its position as the primary source, while gas followed
a similar trajectory, rising slightly to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the reliance on
petrol witnessed the most dramatic change, plunging by nearly 10 percentage
points to 19.55percent,which was largely offset by the expansions recorded in
nuclear power and other sources.

In 1995, fossil fuels, which consist of coal, gas and petrol, collectively
dominated the energy sector, comprising approximately 90percent of the total
output, with each source contributing almost equally at just under a third
(29.80percent, 29.63percent and 29.27percent respectively). Over the
subsequent decade, the figure for coal increased marginally to 30.93percent,
maintaining its position as the primary source, while gas followed a similar
trajectory, rising to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the reliance on petrol witnessed
the most significant change, plunging by approximately 10 percentage points to
19.55percent, which was largely offset by the expansions seen in nuclear power
and other sources.
In 1995, fossil fuels, which consist of gas, coal and petrol, collectively
dominated the energy sector, comprising a combined approximately 90percent
of the total ouput, with each source contributing almost equally at just under a
third( 29.63percent, 29.80percent, and 29.27percent respectively). Over the
subsequent decade, the figure for coal showed a marginal increase to
30.93percent, maintaining its position as the primary source, while gas followed
a similar trajectory, rising to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the reliance on petrol
witnessed the most considerable reduction, plummeting by roughly 10
percentage points to 19.55percent, which was largely offset by the expansions
recorded in nuclear power and other sources.
 Câu của bạn: "...with their shares contributing almost equally..." (với các
thị phần của chúng đóng góp gần như bằng nhau).
 Góp ý nhỏ: Về mặt logic ngôn ngữ, bản thân "nguồn năng lượng" (source)
mới là chủ thể thực hiện hành động "đóng góp" (contribute), còn "thị phần"
(share) chính là kết quả của sự đóng góp đó. Do vậy, bạn viết là: "...with each
source contributing almost equally..." (với mỗi nguồn đóng góp gần như bằng
nhau) thì câu văn sẽ tự nhiên và sắc bén tuyệt đối!
Meanwhile, the reliance on petrol witnessed the most dramatic change, plunging
by nearly 10 percentage points to 19.55percent. This drop was largely offset by
the expansions recorded in nuclear power and other sources.

Regarding the remaining categories in 1995, the shares of nuclear power and
other sources constituted merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent, respectively. Over
the subsequent decade, the former showed considerable growth to 10.10percent,
and the percentage for the latter registered an almost twofold increase,
culminating at 9.10percent.
made up a negligible fraction/ a minimal percentage : chiếm một phần cực kỳ
nhỏ bé

negligible: không đáng kể = insignificant = minimal

 the largest share ➡️the lion's share / the bulk of the energy (phần lớn
nhất).
 remained a minimal percentage ➡️accounted for a negligible fraction
(chiếm một phần không đáng kể).
 registered an almost twofold increase ➡️nearly doubled its share (tăng gần
gấp đôi thị phần).

Câu văn gợi ý cho Body 2 Nhận xét chi tiết từ Giám khảo

1. Chuyển đoạn & Điểm xuất phát (1995): - "Regarding these alternative
sources": Cụm từ nối tiếp cực kỳ
mượt mà, gọi tên nhóm (năng
lượng thay thế) thay vì liệt kê.
Regarding these alternative sources, they
initially represented a minimal fraction of
France's energy mix in 1995, with nuclear
power and other categories standing at - "energy mix" (cơ cấu năng
merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent lượng): Một từ vựng chuyên ngành
respectively. (topic-related vocabulary) đắt giá.

- "minimal fraction": Ghi nhận

xuất phát điểm cực thấp của nhóm
Câu văn gợi ý cho Body 2 Nhận xét chi tiết từ Giám khảo

này.

2. Miêu tả sự bứt phá (2005) để chứng - "However": Tạo sự tương phản

minh sự "bù trừ": với xuất phát điểm thấp.

However, over the following ten years, the - "experienced considerable

former experienced considerable growth, growth": Đa dạng hóa từ vựng
reaching 10.10percent. (thay cho increased).

- "Simultaneously" (Đồng thời):

Từ nối cao cấp.

Simultaneously
3. Chốt lại bằng đối tượng cuối cùng:

- "nearly doubled its initial

Simultaneously, the proportion for the latter figure": Nhấn mạnh tỷ lệ tăng
nearly doubled its initial figure, culminating trưởng (tăng gần gấp đôi) thay vì
at an impressive 9.10percent by the end of chỉ trừ số liệu cơ học.
the period.

- "impressive": Tính từ nhấn

mạnh sự tăng vọt để khép lại bài
viết một cách thuyết phục.

Regarding the remaining categories in 1995, the shares of nuclear power and
other sources constituted merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent, respectively. Over
the subsequent decade, the former showed considerable growth to 10.10percent,
and the percentage for the latter registered an almost twofold increase,
culminating at 9.10percent.

initial = first = starting

simultaneously = meanwhile
Regarding the remaining energy categories (Nuclear and other sources), they
initially represented a minimal proportion in 1995, with nuclear power and other
sources standing at merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent respectively. Over the
following ten years, however, the former experienced considerable growth,
reaching 10.10percent. Simultaneously, the proportion for the latter almost
doubled its initial figure, culminating at 9.10percent by the end of the period.

The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated across five
different sources in France in two years 1995 and 2005.
Overall, while the figure for petrol experienced a decline, the percentages of the
other four sources increased. Notably, the amount of energy generated from gas
and coal sources consistently was the largest share, and other sources remained a
minimal percentage.
In 1995, fossil fuels, which consist of gas, coal and petrol, collectively
dominated the energy sector, comprising a combined approximately 90percent
of the total ouput, with each source contributing almost equally at just under a
third( 29.63percent, 29.80percent, and 29.27percent respectively). Over the
subsequent decade, the figure for coal showed a marginal increase to
30.93percent, maintaining its position as the primary source, while gas followed
a similar trajectory, rising to 30.31percent. Meanwhile, the reliance on petrol
witnessed the most considerable reduction, plummeting by roughly 10
percentage points to 19.55percent, which was largely offset by the expansions
recorded in nuclear power and other sources.
Regarding the remaining energy categories (Nuclear and other sources), they
initially represented a minimal proportion in 1995, with nuclear power and other
sources standing at merely 6.40percent and 4.90percent respectively. Over the
following ten years, however, the former experienced considerable growth,
reaching 10.10percent. Simultaneously, the proportion for the latter almost
doubled its initial figure, culminating at 9.10percent by the end of the period.
The provided pie charts illustrates the proportion of reisidentail water use for
five different purposes in the two years: 1988 and 2008.

Overall, the percentage of bathroom and kitchen witnessed a decline, while the
other three purposes, which consist of toilets, washing, and garden, showing a
downward trend. Furthermore, the water use for kitchen became the dominant
comsumer, and the garden’s figure showed a remarkable drop, whereas washing
remained a similar sector over the timeframe.

Looking at the areas that saw an upward trend, water usage for kitchen
experienced the most significant increase, nealy doubling from 15percent in
1988 to 29percent in [Link], bathroom followed a similar trajectory,
rising considerably from 22percent to 28percent.
Conversely, the share of water used for garden registered a steep drop. It
constituted exactly a fifth (20percent) of the total residential water use in 1988,
but this figure plunging to a mere 7percent two decade later. The percentages for
washing and toilets followed a similar, albeit less pronounced, downward
trajectory. Washing, which was the highest category in 1988 at 25percent, fell
slightly to 22percent, making it the second-largest use by 2008 behind the
kitchen. Meanwhile, water consumption for toilets decreased from 18percent to
14percent, leaving it as the second-lowest category in 2008 ahead of the garden.
The given pie charts compare the proportions of residential water consumption
across five distinct categories in the years 1988 and 2008.
Overall, it is evident that water usage for the kitchen and bathroom experienced
upward trends, whereas the remaining three categories—washing, toilets, and
the garden—saw a decline. Notably, the kitchen emerged as the primary
consumer of water by 2008, while the most substantial drop was recorded in
garden water use.
Regarding the sectors that saw growth, the proportion of water used in the
kitchen almost doubled, surging from 15percent in 1988 to a chart-topping
29percent in 2008. A similar, though less pronounced, pattern was observed in
bathroom water consumption, which rose steadily from 22percent to 28percent
over the 20-year period.
Conversely, the figures for the other three purposes declined. Washing, despite
being the dominant category in 1988 at 25percent, saw its share drop slightly to
22percent, rendering it the third-largest consumer by 2008. Meanwhile, water
use for toilets fell from 18percent to 14percent. The most striking reduction,
however, was seen in garden water usage, which plummeted from exactly a fifth
(20percent) of the total in 1988 to just 7percent by the end of the period.
The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of expenditure on four different
categories in Canada in the two years: 2005 and 2010.

Overall, it is clearly seen that the percentages of electronics and appliances and
home furnishings decreased, while the figures for food and beverages and video
games experienced an upward trend. Furthermore, spending on food and
beverages surpassed electronics and appliances,which accounted for the highest
share in 2005, to become the dominant category in 2010, whereas the figure for
home furnishings was the lowest at the end of the timeframe.

In 2005, the mojority of the total sales in Canada was allocated for electronics
and appliance and home furnishings, with their share contributing 35 percent
and 25 percent of sale sector, respectively. Over the subsequent half a decade,
the spending on home furnishings witnessed the most significant change,
plunging by 10 percentage points to 15 percent, while the expenditure on
electronics and appliance experienced a modest decrease to just under a third (30
percent).
Regrading the remaining categories, the spending on video games and food and
beverage recorded a quiet similar percentage, at nearly a fifth (18 percent and 22
percent respectively). Over the following 5-year period, Over the following 5-
year period, the latter (food and beverages) registered significant growth, with
its share skyrocketing to 32percent, marking the largest increase over the
timeframe. Moreover, the figure for the former (video games) rose by 5
percentage points to 23percent, securing its position as the third-largest sector.
The provided pie charts illustrate the percentage of energy generated across six
different sources in two years 1985 and 2003.
Overall, it is clearly seen that the shares of nuclear power and natural gas
showed a downward trend, while the proportion of oil, coal and other sources
saw an increase, and that of hydrogen remained stable. Notably, natural gas
consistently was the largest share, whereas other sources and hydrogen
accounted for a negligible percentage over the 18-year period.

Regarding the sectors that saw a drop, the amount of energy generated from
nuclear power showed a nearly threefold decrease, plummeting from 22percent
in 1985 to 8percent in 2003, representing the most considerable drop. A similar,
though more pronounced, pattern was observed in natural gas, which was the
dominant sources at just over a half (52percent), plunging to 39percent by the
end of the period, which was largely offset by the expansions seen in oil and
coal.

Conversely, Coal, despite being the insignificant category at 8percent in 1985,

showed its share grow steadily to 22percent , rendering it the third-largest source
by 2003. Simultaneously, oil followed a similar trajectory, surging from
13percent in 1985 to 23percent in 2003, while the share for other renewables
rose slightly from 1percent in 1985 to 4percent in 2003, remaining among the
smallest categories alongside hydrogen. Notably, the proportion of hydrogen
stood at 4percent in 1985, but it saw the same figure over the following 18-year
period.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The provided pie charts compare the proportions of energy derived from six
distinct sources in a specific country over an 18-year period, starting from 1985.
Distinct = different
Overall, the period witnessed a significant shift away from natural gas and
nuclear power towards fossil fuels such as coal and oil. Despite experiencing a
substantial decline, natural gas remained the primary source of energy
production throughout, while hydrogen and other renewables consistently
constituted the smallest shares.

A significant shift away from... towards...: Một sự chuyển dịch đáng kể từ

[nguồn này] sang [nguồn kia]
In 1985, natural gas accounted for the absolute majority of energy production at
exactly 52percent. However, this figure experienced a notable drop to 39percent
by 2003. Similarly, the reliance on nuclear power plummeted, shrinking (giảm)
by nearly two-thirds from 22percent to a mere 8percent over the same period. In
stark contrast, the contribution of hydrogen remained entirely static at 4percent
throughout the timeframe.

In 1985 natural gas accounted for the largest share of energy production at
52percent, making it the dominant source that year. By 2003 this figure had
fallen to 39percent, yet natural gas still remained the largest single source of
energy. Similarly, the reliance on nuclear power plummete, shrinking by nearly
two-thirds from 22percent to a mere 8percent over the same period. In stark
contrast, the contribution of hydrogen remained entirely static at 4percent
throughout the timeframe.
Conversely, the reductions in gas and nuclear energy were largely compensated
for by the growing prominence of coal and oil. Specifically, the share of energy
generated from coal nearly tripled, surging from an initial 8percent in 1985 to
22percent in 2003. Oil followed a parallel upward trajectory, almost doubling its
proportion from 13percent to 23percent. Finally, although other renewable
sources quadrupled their initial figure of 1percent, they still represented a
marginal 4percent by the end of the period.

 Double: Tăng gấp đôi (VD: The proportion of oil doubled...)

 Triple: Tăng gấp ba (VD: Coal production nearly tripled...)
 Quadruple: Tăng gấp bốn (VD: The figure quadrupled...)
 Halve: Giảm một nửa (VD: The percentage of nuclear power halved...)

Conversely, the reductions in gas and nuclear energy = nuclear power were
largely compensated for by the growing prominence of coal and oil. Specifically,
The energy generated from coal almost tripled, surging from an intitial 8percent
in 1985 to 22percent in 2003. Oil followed a similar upward trajectory, almost
doubling its proportion from 13percent to 23percent. Morever, despite other
renewable sources quadrupled their initial figure of 1percent, they still
represented a marginal 4percent by the end of the period.

The reductions in gas and nuclear pơer were significantly compensated for by
the growing prominence of coal and oil
The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated from six
distinct sources in a specific country in two years 1985 and 2003.

Overall, it is clearly seen that there was a significant shift away from natural gas
and nuclear energy towards fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Despite
experiencing a substantial drop, natural gas consistently contributed the largest
share, while the figures for hydrogen and other renewable sources showed the
smallest contribution of the total energy.

Regarding the decreasing sources, natural gas dominated with over a half in
1985. Although this figure witnessed a considerable decline, it represented the
largest sector, at 39percent. Similarly, nuclear power recorded a decrease by
two-thirds, shrinking from 22percent to 8percent by 2003 . In stark contrast,
unnamed renewable sources quadrupled compared to its initial figure of
1percent, and they had the same share as hydrogen at 4percent in 2003.

Conversely, the reductions of natural gas and nuclear energy were largely
compensated for by the growing prominence of fossil fuels such as coal and oil.
Specifically, coal experienced an almost threefold increase, surging from
8percent to 22percent over the 18-year period. Oil followed a similar trajectory,
with its share increasing from 13percent to 23percent over the same timeframe.
A different tendency was seen in the case of hydrogen, the only unchanged
figure standing at 4percent throughout.

Compensate : đền bù
Cấu trúc: tobe + adv + compensate + for : được bù đắp bởi
prominence : sự trồi lên, sự phát triển
growing prominence : sự vươn lên chiếm ưu thế

The pie charts illustrate the changes in the proportion of various energy sources
used in a country between 1985 and 2003.
Overall, natural gas and nuclear power saw significant declines in their
proportions, whereas there were considerable increases in the shares of oil, coal,
and other renewable sources, and hydrogen's figure remained stable throughout
the period. Additionally, natural gas maintained its position as the dominant
energy source in both years, despite its substantial decrease.

Looking at the major energy sources, natural gas accounted for more than half of
the total energy production in 1985, at 52percent, while oil contributed
13percent. By 2003, the proportion of energy generated from natural gas had
fallen to 39percent, whereas that of oil rose significantly to 23percent.
Meanwhile, nuclear power and coal made up 22percent and 8percent of energy
generated in 1985 respectively, but by the end of the period, coal's share had
nearly tripled to 22percent, while nuclear power's contribution decreased
considerably to 8percent.

Regarding the remaining energy sources, hydrogen constituted 4percent of total

energy production in 1985, and this figure remained unchanged in 2003. In
contrast, other renewable sources, which accounted for merely 1percent of
energy generation in 1985, experienced a fourfold increase to 4percent by the
end of the period.
The provided pie charts illusatre the proportion of energy generated across five
different sources in France in two years 1995 and 2005.

Overall, the share of petrol experienced

The provided bar chart illustrates how much energy production derived from
wind across four different coutries over a 15-year period, strating from 1985.

Overall, the energy production varied significantly across four countries. The
proportion of energy generated from wind in United States witnessed an upward
trend, followed by a decline by the end of period, while those of India, Denmark
and Germay recorded a growth each. Notably, Denmark surpassed United States
to be the largest producer.

In 1985, the total energy generated from wind in US dominated with 1200
megawatts, while the figures for the remaining countries were under 500
megawatts. Over the following 5 years, US experienced a increase by 400
points, standing at 1600 megawatts. Meanwhile, India, Denmark, and Germany
rose gradually to 400, about 410 and roughly 610, respectively.

Conversely, the amounyt of energy in US showed a modest decrease to exactly

1600, while the reverse was true with the other three nations. Over a subsequent
5-year period, US consistently decreased to approximate 1300 megawatts,
whereas India, Germany rose to 1200 and roughly 820 megawatts, respectively.
Simultaneously, the figure for Denmark skyrocketed to about 1610 megawatts,
marking the largest outcome among four countries.
BODY 1: Adult populations (Dân số trưởng thành: Women và Men)
Theo Logical Framework©, chúng mình sẽ định hướng các bạn viết từng bước ở BODY 1
như sau:
 (Step 1) So sánh số liệu của Women và Men ở năm đầu tiên 2002 (24.75% women
cao hơn một chút so với 22% men)
 (Step 2) Mô tả sự thay đổi của Women qua các năm, vì có số liệu cao nhất (từ
24.75% năm 2002 tăng vọt lên 32% năm 2006 - đây là peak cao nhất của toàn bộ biểu
đồ, sau đó giảm xuống 27% năm 2010)
 (Step 3) Mô tả sự thay đổi của Men qua các năm, so sánh với Women vì có similar
trajectory (từ 22% năm 2002 tăng lên 28% năm 2006, sau đó giảm xuống 24% năm
2010, gần với số liệu ban đầu)

BODY 2: Children
Theo Logical Framework©, chúng mình sẽ định hướng các bạn viết từng bước ở BODY 1
như sau:
 (Step 1) Mô tả số liệu Children ở năm đầu tiên 2002 và so sánh với adults (chỉ
11%, khoảng một nửa so với người lớn)
 (Step 2) Mô tả sự thay đổi của Children qua các năm (từ 11% năm 2002 tăng lên
16.5% năm 2006 với mức tăng 5.5 điểm phần trăm, sau đó giảm xuống 13.5% năm
2010, luôn thấp hơn đáng kể cả 2 nhóm người lớn trong suốt giai đoạn)
The provided bar chart illustrates the amount of wind energy produced in four
different countries—namely the United States, India, Denmark, and Germany—
over a 15-year period starting from 1985.
Overall, it is clear that while the US initially dominated wind energy production,
its output experienced a downward trend towards the end of the period.
Conversely, the other three nations saw consistent growth, with Denmark
ultimately surpassing the US to become the leading producer.
In 1985, the US was by far the largest producer of wind energy, generating
exactly 1,200 megawatts, whereas the figures for the remaining countries were
significantly lower, all standing at under 500 megawatts. Five years later, energy
production in the US experienced a substantial increase, peaking at 1,600
megawatts. During the same period, the amounts of wind-generated energy in
Germany, Denmark, and India saw gradual growths, reaching roughly 610, 410,
and 400 megawatts, respectively.
Over the subsequent decade, the trend for the US reversed, with its production
steadily declining to approximately 1,300 megawatts by the end of the period. In
stark contrast, the other three countries continued their upward trajectories. Most
notably, the figure for Denmark skyrocketed to 1,610 megawatts in the final
year, thereby overtaking the US as the dominant producer. Similarly, wind
energy output in India and Germany grew considerably, culminating at 1,200
and about 820 megawatts, respectively.

The provided pie charts illustrate the proportion of energy generated from six
distinct sources in a specific country in two years 1985 and 2003.

Overall, it is clearly seen that there was a significant shift away from natural gas
and nuclear energy towards fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Despite
experiencing a substantial drop, natural gas consistently contributed the largest
share, while the figures for hydrogen and other renewable sources showed the
smallest contribution of the total energy.
Regarding the decreasing sources, natural gas dominated with over a half in
1985. Although this figure witnessed a considerable decline, it represented the
largest sector, at 39%. Similarly, nuclear power recorded a decrease by two-
thirds, shrinking( suy thoái ) from 22% to 8% by 2003. In stark contrast ( hoàn
toàn ngược lại ), unnamed renewable sources quadrupled compared to its initial
figure of 1%, consistently taking up the smallest share.
Halve : giảm một nửa

Conversely, the reductions of natural gas and nuclear energy were largely
compensated for by the growing prominence ( sự tang trưởng bật lên ) of fossil
fuels such as coal and oil. Specifically, coal experienced an almost threefold
increase, surging from 8% to 22% over the 18-year period. Oil followed a
similar trajectory, with its share increasing from 13% to 23% over the same
timeframe. A different tendency was seen in the case of hydrogen, the only
unchanged figure standing at 4% throughout.
The provided picture depicts how water move from ocean to atmosphere to land
in a natural process known as water cycle.

Overall, it is clear from the diagram that the water cycle involves four primary
stages, commencing with the evaporation of water from the sea and culminating
in the return of rainwater to the ocean.