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Science Summary Notes

The document contains science summary notes covering various topics including the biosphere, distillation, recycling, vertebrates, plant reproduction, and properties of metals. Key points include the role of adaptations in jungle animals, the use of litmus paper to test acids and bases, and the importance of seed dispersal in plants. Additionally, it discusses the environmental impact of metal extraction and the processes of filtration and evaporation.

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5 views2 pages

Science Summary Notes

The document contains science summary notes covering various topics including the biosphere, distillation, recycling, vertebrates, plant reproduction, and properties of metals. Key points include the role of adaptations in jungle animals, the use of litmus paper to test acids and bases, and the importance of seed dispersal in plants. Additionally, it discusses the environmental impact of metal extraction and the processes of filtration and evaporation.

Uploaded by

huhyeahyeah33
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Science Summary Notes

Question 1
1. Biosphere includes fish, dead organic matter and atmosphere.
2. Distillation obtains pure water from sea water.
3. Recycling reduces pollution and landfill waste.
4. Jungle animals have special adaptations.
5. Cotyledons store food for germination.

Question 2
1. Liebig condenser is used in distillation.
2. Acids: red litmus stays red, blue litmus turns red.
3. Bases: red litmus turns blue, blue litmus stays blue.
4. Neutral substances do not change litmus paper.
5. Alkali = base that dissolves in water.

Question 3
1. Vertebrates: Amphibians, Mammals, Fish, Reptiles.
2. Birds and mammals have constant body temperatures.
3. Fish and amphibians have gills at some stage.
4. Organisms need oxygen for respiration.
5. Hare: Order Lagomorpha, Genus Lepus.
6. Amphibians need water for eggs; reptiles do not.
7. Mammals get pregnant while most other vertebrates lay eggs.
8. Puberty: Boys 13, Girls 11.
9. Sperm is produced in the testes.
10. STDs spread through sexual intercourse.
11. If no fertilisation occurs, the uterus lining breaks down and leaves through the vagina.
12. Hair differences are examples of variation.
13. Fertilised eggs inherit characteristics from both parents.

Question 4
1. Themeda triandra is not usually visited by insects or birds because its flowers are not brightly
coloured and have no nectar.
2. Gymnosperms have male and female cones.
3. Fruit helps spread seeds.
4. Seed dispersal: wind, gravity, explosion.
5. Water lilies depend on gases produced by plants in soil.
6. Pollination forms a zygote and endosperm.
7. Plants of the same species can have different flower colours.

Question 5
1. Copper = Cu, Zinc = Zn.
2. Zinc melts before copper, allowing separation.
3. Copper and zinc are metals.
4. Extraction can harm the environment.
5. Lead has a lower melting point than silver and copper and is a good solder.
6. Copper is used in electrical wires; plastic does not conduct electricity.
7. Plastic is not biodegradable and releases harmful chemicals when burned.
8. Copper is malleable and ductile, useful for wiring.
9. Semi-metals and non-metals are brittle.
10. Carbon atom has 10 protons (as written in notes).
11. Semi-metals: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium.
12. Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
Question 6
1. Evaporate water, sieve rocks, then use a magnet to remove iron filings.
2. Filtration allows water to soak into leaves.
3. Filtration uses smaller holes than sieving.

Question 7
1. An alkaline is a basic solution.
2. Acid taste: sour. Base taste: bitter.
3. Acids and bases can be corrosive.
4. Examples of neutral substances: water, cooking oil.

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