GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SESSION: 2024-25
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Contemporary Problems of
Indian Society
NAME OF THE STUDENT: Mast. PIYUSH PATIL
CLASS: XII В
SUBJECT: GENERAL STUDIES
SUBJECT TEACHER NAME: Mrs. SMITHA THOMAS
INTRODUCTION
India emerged as an independent nation-state on 15th August
1947, after a long struggle against the British colonial rule. The
country is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
with a parliamentary system of government. Though India has
shown tremendous growth in all spheres of national life in the
years after independence, yet many problems plague the
everyday social life; the problems, many a time, are interrelated.
In fact every society of the world has their social issues unique to
their society. So does Indian society. Indian society is very rooted
in religious beliefs; there are people of different religious beliefs
such as Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Sikhs, Parsis etc. These all adds
to the socio-cultural varieties of the country. India's social
problems are also rooted in the religious practices and beliefs of it
people. Almost all forms of social issues and problems find their
origin in the religious and cultural practices of the people of India.
These social problems are developed in a long period of times
and are still continuing in one form or other. Furthermore, India
has witnessed several wars of large proportions; several foreign
invaders attacked India in its long history among whom few made
this country as their own and tried to force their socio-religious
practices which also deteriorated social conditions; the long
period of British rule crippled the country and had thrown it into
backwardness. Thus, many such reasons may be cited for India's
social problems but the fact remains that we have these issues
and only we can solve them. Poverty, Population, Illiteracy,
Gender discrimination, Terrorism, Unemployment, and Health are
the major ones
Certificate of authenticity
This is to certify that PIYUSH PATIL of Class XII B
has successfully carried out the project of PHYSICS
on the topic "Determination of internal resistance
of a primary cell using a Potentiometer" with
guidance and inspiration from Mr. VIJAY KHARCHE
for the academic year 2024-25.
Date:
Place: Pune Teacher’s signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher Mrs SMITHA THOMAS who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project of
PHYSICS on "Contemporary Problems of Indian Soceity",
who also helped me in completing my project. I came to
know about so many new things, I am really thankful to
them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my Parents who
helped me in finalizing this project within limited time
frame.
SR no. TOPICS PAGE NO.
1 Cover page 1
2 Certificate of authenticity 2
3 Acknowledgement 3
4 INTRODUCTION 4
5 POVERTY 6
6 ILLITERACY 8
7 UNEMPLOYMENT 10
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11
INDEX
1]POVERTY:
● MEANING:
Poverty refers to a situation when people's basic needs are not
fulfilled. When people doesn't have the necessary food to eat or
clothes to wear or shelter to stay then its called poverty. Life
becomes very difficult for people below the poverty line (BPL).
Poverty is a vicious circle and is the lack of money or material
possessions. Social, political, as well as economic elements,
contribute to poverty. It leads to a lack of basic life necessities and
comfort. Illiteracy is a major cause and effect of poverty. These
people have a low standard of living and poverty is the cause of
many social evils.
● Genesis:
People dont get proper education which leads to poverty. People
are poor because they are illiterate, and they are illiterate
because they cannot afford [Link] and poverty stays
side-by-side. They both are the cause and effect of each other.
In case where the resources and opportunities are limited and the
population is high, there arises a situation of joblessness which
ultimately leads to poverty.
When a large number of people live in poverty, there is limited
scope for the development of countrys economy Some natural
and environmental problems such as lack of rainfall, drought, etc.
often lead to poverty. There are many other reasons also like
caste system, unemployment, etc.
● MEASURES TO ALLEVIATE IT:
● Poverty can be checked by increasing job opportunities. It
will decrease the rate of unemployment which ultimately
results in decrease of poverty in economy.
●
● Government should take more steps towards charity, trusts
and have some transparency while spending money in those
social institutions.
●
● There is a need for initiatives of paid leave to the workers.
●
● The education system should be reformed and initiatives
should be taken to bring more children to schools
2]ILLTERACY:
● CAUSES:
Since many adults in India are illiterate, they don't understand the
importance of getting education for their children.
Due to the problem of unemployment and poverty, children get
little opportunity for proper education.
Many people stay illiterate due to some physical or mental
disabilities.
Other social evils like caste system, gender inequality also cause
illiteracy
● Consequences :
One of the major cause for crimes is illiteracy. Due to illiteracy
issue, rates of crime are gradually increasing and health,
productivity and growth of the country is gradually decreasing.
Most illiterate people are unaware of the benefits of maintaining
cleanliness and hygiene.
Illiterate people find it very difficult to secure a good job and earn
[Link] a person is looking for a means to earn and work, but
is not getting it then it is known as unemployment. This social
problem leads to frustration.
Overpopulation is a huge increase in the number of people, and it
is caused by some factors out of which illiteracy is a major one.
● MEASURES TO ERADICATE ILLETRACY:
● The only and the best way to eradicate illiteracy from the
society are by education.
● The scheme for mid-day meals at schools is a welcome
step.
● Government should take steps to promote free education for
the backward class of the society in government schools.
Government also look at the matter that people get fair
payment for their work.
● Appropriate steps should be taken to create
moreemployment opportunities for adults, so that they can
educate their children by sending them to school.
3]UNEMPLOYMENT:
● MEANING.
Unemployment, may be elaborated as a state of not finding work by
an individual who is fit and willing to work. The number of
individuals without work out of the total "labour force" of the
country or specific social groups.
● CAUSES:
There are many causes of unemployment some them are listed
below:
● Education: Although literacy rates have risen in the last few
decades, The curriculum is mostly theory-oriented and fails
to provide vocational training required to match up with
current economic environment.
● Population growth: Rapid growth of population has often
been labelled as the major reason for increasing
unemployment in the country. Current survey data revealed
that at the all- India level, 77% of families do not have a
regular salaried person.
● Faulty employment planning: The five-year plans
implemented by the government have not contributed
proportionately towards generation of employment. The
assumption was that growth in economy will automatically
generate enough employment, but there have remained gaps
between the required number of jobs and the actual
numbers generated.
● MEASURES TO ERADICATE
UNEMPLOYMENT:
● Skill Development:
Launching skill development programs tailored to industry
needs can bridge the gap between education and employment.
Initiatives like Skill India aim to equip workers with the
required expertise.
● Encouraging Entrepreneurship:
Promoting startups and small businesses through financial
incentives, subsidies, and simplified regulations can generate
employment.
● Strengthening Education:
Reforming the education system to focus on vocational and
practical training can prepare individuals for a competitive job
market.
● Investing in Infrastructure:
Public infrastructure projects in roads, railways, and housing
can generate massive employment opportunities.