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Cell Notes

The document provides an overview of magnification, cell structures, and their functions, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, DNA, ribosomes, and mitochondria. It explains the differences between the cell wall and cell membrane, and outlines the protein synthesis pathway. Additionally, it describes the role of mitochondria in energy production through cellular respiration.

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ve.dhanam54
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5 views4 pages

Cell Notes

The document provides an overview of magnification, cell structures, and their functions, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, DNA, ribosomes, and mitochondria. It explains the differences between the cell wall and cell membrane, and outlines the protein synthesis pathway. Additionally, it describes the role of mitochondria in energy production through cellular respiration.

Uploaded by

ve.dhanam54
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Magnification

Magnification means how much larger an object appears.

Let’s Practice Together

Question 1:
Eyepiece = 10×, Objective = 4× → Magnification = ?

Question 2:
Eyepiece = 10×, Objective = 100× → Magnification = ?

Question 3:

If an image looks 500× bigger, what could the eyepiece and objective be?

Cell Wall vs. Cell Membrane

FEATURE CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE

Location Outside the cell membrane Just inside the cell wall

Function Gives shape and support Controls what enters and leaves the
cell

Found in Plant cells only All cells (plant and animal)

Permeability Fully permeable Selectively permeable


Cell membrane

● The cell membrane is a thin, flexible covering of the cell.

● It protects the cell and controls what goes in and out.

● It is called partially permeable – meaning it only allows


some substances to pass through.

● It is present in both plant and animal cells.

What is cytoplasm?

Definition: Jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

Functions:

● Supports organelles

● Allows movement

What is Cytoskeleton?

Definition: Network of protein strands that


support the cell Functions:

● Gives shape

● Helps with movement

NUCLEUS

The Brain of the Cell


Definition: The nucleus is the part of the cell that tells everything what to do.

Function:

● Stores DNA

● Controls cell activities (like a boss)

DNA - The Cell's Instruction Manual

Definition: DNA is a code made up of letters that tell the cell how to build things.
Function:

● Carries instructions from parents

● Tells cells how to grow, what to make, and how to act

What Do Ribosomes Do?

Ribosomes are tiny parts of a cell.

They are like little machines that make proteins.

Proteins help your body grow, heal, and stay healthy.

Protein Pathway

[Link] make proteins.

2. Proteins travel through Endoplasmic Reticulum


(ER) (like delivery pipes).

3. Proteins go to Golgi apparatus, which packs and


sends them to where they’re needed
What Are Mitochondria?

● Mitochondria are like


batteries or power plants
for the cell

● They take in food (glucose)


and oxygen and produce
ATP (energy)

The process is called cellular


respiration

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